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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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How old is patient? |
Clotrimazole:
Xyloderm is an antifungal agent of imidazole derivatives group for topical use. This medication has an effect at the expense of the synthesis of ergosterol, which is part of the cell membrane of fungi. Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) has a broad spectrum of action.
Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) is active against dermatophytes, molds, fungi of the genus Candida, Malassezia furfur.
This drug is also active against Corynebacterium minutissimum, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Trichomonas vaginalis.
For external use Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) is well into the various layers of the skin reaching therapeutic concentrations. When this medication applied topically a small amount of it absorbed into the bloodstream.
Fungal skin and mucous membranes: ringworm, tinea, trichophytosis, athlete, mikrosporiya, candidiasis, a fungal interdigital erosion, fungal paronychia; fungal infections complicated by a secondary pyoderma; colorful lichen, erythrasma; thrush; Candida vulvitis, vulvovaginitis, balanitis, trichomoniasis; for the renovation of the birth canal before delivery.
When Xyloderm used externally it applied to affected skin 2-3 times / day in 2-4 weeks.
For local orally this medicine used 1-2 times / day, no more than 7 days.
Intravaginal - on 100-500 mg for 1-6 days.
Local reactions: contact allergic dermatitis, redness, burning sensation.
When applied topically to the skin: erythema, blisters, swelling, burning and tingling, irritation and flaking skin.
When applied topically for the treatment of urogenital infections: itching, burning, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane, vaginal discharge, frequent urination, intercurrent cystitis, burning sensation in the penis with a partner, pain during sexual intercourse.
When applied topically in the oral cavity: redness of the oral mucosa, burning sensation and tingling at the site of application, irritation.
Hypersensitivity to Xyloderm (Clotrimazole), I trimester of pregnancy.
In experimental studies there have been found that Xyloderm used in high doses exerts embryotoxic effect.
It is not known whether Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) released in breast milk. Although Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) is not contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, it should be considered a potential risk when selecting antifungal therapy.
Prescribed intravaginal Dosage forms of Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) is not used during menstruation.
To prevent reinfection it should be simultaneous treatment of sexual partners.
Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) is not recommended for use in ophthalmology.
Simultaneous administration of Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) with amphotericin B, nystatin, natamycin activity of Xyloderm (Clotrimazole) decreases.
Symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomachodynia, abnormal liver function, rarely - drowsiness, hallucinations, thamuria, allergic skin reactions.
Treatment: taking activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy.
Hydrocortisone Acetate:
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)® (hydrocortisone probutate) Cream, 0.1% is indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 18 years of age or older.
PANDEL® (hydrocortisone probutate) Cream, 0.1% is a corticosteroid indicated for the relief of the inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses in patients 18 years of age or older.
Apply a thin film of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) to the affected area once or twice a day depending on the severity of the condition. Massage gently until the medication disappears.
Occlusive dressings may be used for the management of refractory lesions of psoriasis and other deep-seated dermatoses, such as localized neurodermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus).
Discontinue Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) when control is achieved. If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassessment of the diagnosis may be necessary.
Do not use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) with occlusive dressings unless directed by the physician. Do not apply Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) in the diaper area, as diapers or plastic pants may constitute occlusive dressings.
- For topical use.
- Apply a thin film to the affected skin areas once daily or twice a day.
- Discontinue therapy when control is achieved.
- If no improvement is seen within 2 weeks, reassess diagnosis.
- Do not use with occlusive dressings unless directed by a physician.
Cream, 0.1%. Each gram of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) contains 1 mg of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate in a cream base.
Cream, 0.1%.
None.
None.
- Xyloderm can produce reversible HPA axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency during or after treatment. (5.1)
- Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and unmasking of latent diabetes mellitus can result from systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids. (5.1)
- Use of topical corticosteroids may require periodic evaluation for HPA axis suppression. (5.1)
- High potency corticosteroids, large treatment surface area, prolong use, use of occlusion dressings, altered skin barrier, liver failure and young age may predispose patients to HPA axis suppression. (5.1)
- Modify use if HPA axis suppression develops. (5.1)
- Pediatric patients may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity. (5.1, 8.4)
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency. This may occur during or after withdrawal of treatment. Factors that predispose to HPA axis suppression include the use of high-potency corticosteroids, large treatment surface areas, prolonged use, use of occlusive dressings, altered skin barrier, liver failure, and young age.
Use of topical corticosteroids may require periodic evaluation for HPA axis suppression. Evaluation for HPA axis suppression may be done by using the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test.
If HPA axis suppression is documented, gradually withdraw the drug, reduce the frequency of application, or substitute with a less potent corticosteroid. If signs and symptoms of steroid withdrawal occur, supplemental systemic corticosteroids may be required. Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of the drug.
In a trial including 15 evaluable subjects 18 years of age or older with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis affecting more than 20% of body surface area, 1 subject (6.7%) had ACTH stimulation test results suggestive of adrenal suppression after treatment with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) twice daily for 21 days. Recovery of HPA axis suppression for this subject is unknown [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.2 )].
Systemic effects of topical corticosteroids may also manifest as Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and unmasking latent diabetes mellitus.
Patients applying a topical steroid to a large surface area or to areas under occlusion should be evaluated periodically for evidence of HPA-axis suppression.
Pediatric patients may be more susceptible to systemic toxicity due to their larger skin surface to body mass ratios [see Use in Specific Populations ( 8.4 )].
Allergic contact dermatitis with corticosteroids is usually diagnosed by observing a failure to heal rather than noting a clinical exacerbation, as observed with most topical products not containing corticosteroids. If irritation develops, discontinue Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) and institute appropriate therapy.
- Most frequent adverse reactions include burning, stinging, rash, papulovesicular rash, redness, itching, moderate paresthesia, and contact dermatitis.
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact PharmaDerm®, A division of Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-800-645-9833 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The most frequent adverse reactions reported for Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) during clinical trials were application site reactions, including burning in 4, stinging in 2, and moderate paresthesia in 1 out of 226 subjects.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
These adverse reactions are as follows:
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash, papulovesicular rash
Application Site Reactions: dryness, erythema, pruritus, allergic contact dermatitis.
The following local adverse reactions are reported with topical corticosteroids, and they may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings. These reactions are listed in an approximate decreasing order of occurrence: itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, hypertrichosis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infections, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria.
Risk Summary
There is no clinical information on Xyloderm use in pregnant women to inform any drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies, Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate given by the subcutaneous route during the period of organogenesis was teratogenic at doses equal to or greater than 1 mg/kg/day in rats or 0.1 mg/kg/day in rabbits (12 times and 2 times the human topical dose, respectively) .
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
Effects on embryo-fetal development were evaluated in rats and rabbits following subcutaneous administration of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate during the period of organogenesis. Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate was teratogenic in rats when given during the period of organogenesis at subcutaneous doses equal to or greater than 1 mg/kg/day (12 times the human average topical dose of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) assuming 3% absorption and an application of 30 g/day on a 70 kg individual). Abnormalities included delayed ossification of the caudal vertebrae and other skeletal variations, cleft palate, umbilical hernia, edema, and exencephalia.
In rabbits, Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate given by the subcutaneous route was teratogenic at doses equal to or greater than 0.1 mg/kg/day (2 times the human average topical dose of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) assuming 3% absorption and an application of 30 g/day on a 70 kg individual). Fetal weight and survival were affected. Delayed ossification and increased incidences of malformations (skeletal abnormalities and cleft palate) were also noted.
No adverse effects were seen in rats following subcutaneous administration of up to 1 mg/kg/day of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate during the perinatal and postnatal period (12 times the human average topical dose of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) assuming 3% absorption and an application of 30 g/day on a 70 kg individual).
Risk Summary
There is no information on the presence of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate in breast milk, or on its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. It is not known whether topical administration of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) or from the underlying maternal condition.
Clinical Considerations
To minimize potential exposure to the breastfed infant via breast milk, use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) on the smallest area of skin and for the shortest duration possible while breastfeeding.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established. Because of a higher ratio of skin surface area to body mass, pediatric patients are at a greater risk than adults of HPA axis suppression and Cushing’s syndrome when they are treated with topical corticosteroids. They are therefore also at a greater risk of adrenal insufficiency during and/or after withdrawal of treatment. Adverse effects including striae have been reported with inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids in infants and children.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression, Cushing’s syndrome, linear growth retardation, delayed weight gain, and intracranial hypertension have been reported in children receiving topical corticosteroids. Manifestations of adrenal suppression in children include low plasma cortisol levels and an absence of response to ACTH stimulation. Manifestations of intracranial hypertension include bulging fontanelles, headaches, and bilateral papilledema.
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)(hydrocortisone probutate) Cream, 0.1% contains Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate, a synthetic corticosteroid. The topical corticosteroids constitute a class of primarily synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic agents.
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate is a tasteless and odorless white crystalline powder practically insoluble in hexane or water, slightly soluble in ether, and very soluble in dichloromethane, methanol and acetone. Chemically, it is 11β,17,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 17-butyrate 21-propionate. The structural formula is:
Molecular Formula: C28H40O7
Molecular Weight: 488.62
Each gram of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) (hydrocortisone probutate) Cream, 0.1% contains: 1 mg of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate in a cream base of propylene glycol, white petrolatum, light mineral oil, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, sorbitan monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, PEG-20 stearate, glyceryl stearate SE, methylparaben, butylparaben, citric acid, sodium citrate anhydrous, and purified water.
Corticosteroids play a role in cellular signaling, immune function, inflammation, and protein regulation; however, the precise mechanism of action in corticosteroid responsive dermatoses is unknown
Vasoconstrictor Assay
Studies performed with Xyloderm indicate that it is in the medium range of potency as demonstrated in vasoconstrictor trials in healthy subjects when compared with other topical corticosteroids. However, similar blanching scores do not necessarily imply therapeutic equivalence.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Suppression
In an open label HPA axis suppression trial, 19 adult subjects (ages 23 to 82 years) with atopic dermatitis or plaque psoriasis covering greater than 20% Body Surface Area (BSA) were treated with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) twice daily for 21 days and were assessed for HPA axis suppression. At baseline, the mean disease BSA involvement was 36%. The criterion for HPA axis suppression was a serum cortisol level of less than or equal to 18 micrograms per deciliter at 30-minutes after cosyntropin stimulation. Of these subjects, 15 were considered evaluable with respect to their adrenal axis function post-treatment. One of the evaluable subjects (6.7%) showed laboratory evidence of suppression on Day 22. This subject had psoriasis covering 48% of BSA at baseline and was reported to have received 98% of the twice-daily applications of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) over the 21 day treatment period. It is not known if this subject had recovery of adrenal function because follow-up testing was not performed.
The extent of percutaneous absorption of topical corticosteroids is determined by many factors, including the vehicle and the integrity of the epidermal barrier. Use of occlusive dressings with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) for up to 24 hours has not been shown to increase penetration; however, occlusion of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) for 96 hours does markedly enhance penetration. Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed from normal intact skin. Inflammation and/or other disease processes in the skin increase percutaneous absorption.
No long-term studies in animals have been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate.
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate revealed no evidence of mutagenic or clastogenic potential based on the results of an in vitro genotoxicity test (Ames assay) and an in vivo genotoxicity test (mouse micronucleus assay).
Effects on fertility and early embryonic development were evaluated in rats following subcutaneous administration of up to 0.4 mg/kg/day Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate (5 times the human average topical dose of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) assuming 3% absorption and an application of 30 g/day on a 70 kg individual) prior to and during mating and through early pregnancy. No treatment related effects on fertility or mating parameters were noted in this study.
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate), a white to off-white opaque cream is supplied as follows:
45 g tubes NDC 10337-153-46
80 g tubes NDC 10337-153-80
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Advise the patient and/or caregiver to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Inform patients and/or caregivers of the following:
Manufactured by:
PharmaDerm®
A division of Fougera
PHARMACEUTICALS INC.
Melville, New York 11747 www.pharmaderm.com
PATIENT INFORMATION Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)® (pan-del) (hydrocortisone probutate) cream |
Important: Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) is for use on skin only (topical). Avoid using Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) near or around your eyes. |
What is Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)? Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) is a prescription corticosteroid medicine used on the skin (topical) for the relief of inflammation and itching caused by certain skin conditions in people 18 years of age or older. It is not known if Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) is safe and effective in children. |
Before using Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: - have adrenal gland problems - have liver problems - have diabetes - have thinning skin (atrophy) at the site to be treated. - are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) will harm your unborn baby. - are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) can pass into your breast milk and harm your baby.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. |
How should I use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)? - Use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to use it. - Apply a thin film to the affected skin area. Gently rub Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) into your skin until it disappears. - Tell your healthcare provider if your symptoms do not improve after 2 weeks of treatment. - Do not bandage, cover, or wrap the treated area unless your healthcare provider tells you to. - Do not apply Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) in the diaper area or use with plastic pants. - Do not use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) on your face, underarms (armpits) or groin areas unless your healthcare provider tells you to. - Wash your hands after applying Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate), unless your hands are being treated. |
What are possible side effects with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)? Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) may cause serious side effects, including: - Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) can pass through your skin and may cause adrenal gland problems. This is more likely to happen if you use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) for too long, use it over a large treatment area, use it with other topical medicines that contain corticosteroids, cover the treated area, or have liver failure. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check your adrenal gland function during and after treatment with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate). - Skin problems, including skin reactions or thinning of your skin (atrophy), skin infections, and allergic reactions (allergic contact dermatitis) at the treatment site. Tell your healthcare provider if you get any skinreactions such as pain, tenderness, swelling, or healing problems. The most common side effects of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) include burning and stinging and moderate tingling or prickling feeling. These are not all the possible side effects with Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate). Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. |
How should I store Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)? - Store Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) and all medicines out of the reach of children. |
General information about the safe and effective use of Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate). Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) that is written for health professionals. |
What are the ingredients in Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)? Active ingredient: Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate) probutate Inactive ingredients: propylene glycol, white petrolatum, light mineral oil, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, sorbitan monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, PEG-20 stearate, glyceryl stearate SE, methylparaben, butylparaben, citric acid, sodium citrate anhydrous, and purified water. Manufactured by:PharmaDerm® A division of Fougera PHARMACEUTICALS INC. Melville, New York 11747 For more information, go to www.pharmaderm.com or call 1-800-645-9833. |
PharmaDerm®
NDC 10337-153-80
Xyloderm (Hydrocortisone Acetate)®
(hydrocortisone probutate) Cream, 0.1%
FOR DERMATOLOGIC USE ONLY.
NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC USE.
Rx only
80 g
carton
Lidocaine Hydrochloride:
Xyloderm is an antiarrhythmic agent of class IB, local anesthetic, a derivative of acetanilide. This medication has membrane stabilizing activity. Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) causes a blockade of sodium channels of excitable membranes of neurons and the membrane of cardiomyocytes.
This drug reduces the duration of the action potential and effective refractory period in Purkinje fibers, inhibits their automaticity. In this case, Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) inhibits electrical activity in depolarized, arrhythmogenic sites, but minimally affects the electrical activity of normal tissues. When used in the medium therapeutic doses virtually no effect on myocardial contractility and slows AV-conduction. When applied as an antiarrhythmic agent in IV injection it begin to act in 45-90 seconds, the duration of action is 10-20 minutes; for IM administration the onset of action is in 5-15 minutes, the duration - 60-90 minutes.
Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) causes all kinds of local anesthesia: a terminal, infiltration and wires.
After IM administration absorption of Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) is almost complete. The distribution is rapid, Vd is about 1 L/kg (in patients with heart failure it is below). The protein binding depends on the concentration of the active substance in the plasma and is 60-80%. Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) metabolized mainly in the liver with the formation of active metabolites, that may contribute to the manifestation of the therapeutic and toxic effects, especially after the infusion for 24 hours or more.
T1/2 tends to be two phases with the phase distribution of 9.7 min. In general T1/2 depends on the dose is 1-2 hours and can grow up to 3 hours or more during prolonged intravenous infusion (over 24 h). Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) excreted by the kidneys as metabolites, 10% unchanged.
In cardiological practice: treatment and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias (extrasystoles, tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation), including in acute myocardial infarction, implantation of artificial pacemaker in the glycoside intoxication, narcosis.
Anaesthesia: terminal, infiltration, conduction, spinal (epidural) anesthesia in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, dentistry, otolaryngology, blockade of peripheral nerves and ganglion.
As an anti-arrhythmic medicine for adult with the introduction of a loading dose by IV - 1-2 mg / kg over 3-4 minutes; the average single dose is 80 mg. Then immediately transferred to drip infusion at a rate of 20-55 mg / kg / min. Drip infusion can be carried out within 24-36 hours. If necessary, against the background of drop infusions can repeat IV jet injection of Xyloderm 40 mg after 10 minutes after the first loading dose.
IM is introduced to 2-4 mg / kg, if necessary, repeated administration is possible through 60-90 minutes.
For children with IV injection loading dose - 1 mg / kg, if necessary, it may be repeated administration in 5 min.
For continuous intravenous infusion (usually following the introduction of a loading dose) - 20-30 mg / kg / min.
For use in surgical and obstetric practice, dentistry, ENT practice, dosing regimen set individually, depending on the evidence, the clinical situation and used the dosage form.
Maximum dose: for adults for IV injections the loading dose is 100 mg, in a subsequent drop infusion it is 2 mg / min; when IM administration - 300 mg (about 4.5 mg / kg) for 1 h.
For children in case of reintroduction the loading dose every 5 minutes, the total dose is 3 mg / kg; by continuous intravenous infusion (usually following the introduction of a loading dose) - 50 mg / kg / min.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, headache, weakness, motor restlessness, nystagmus, loss of consciousness, drowsiness, visual and auditory disturbances, tremor, trismus, seizures (risk of their development against the backdrop of increasing hypercapnia and acidosis), a syndrome of "cauda equina" (paralysis of the legs, paresthesia), paralysis of respiratory muscles, respiratory arrest, a block of motor and sensitive, respiratory paralysis (usually develops in the subarachnoid anesthesia), numb tongue (when used in dentistry).
Cardiovascular system: increased or decreased blood pressure, tachycardia if used with a vasoconstrictor, peripheral vasodilatation, collapse, chest pain.
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, involuntary defecation.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, hives (on skin and mucous membranes), itching, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.
Local reactions: during spinal anesthesia - a pain in the back, with an epidural anesthesia - a random hit in the subarachnoid space, when applied topically in urology - urethritis.
Other: incontinent, methemoglobinemia, persistent anesthesia, decreased libido and / or potency, respiratory depression, until the stop, hypothermia; during anesthesia in dentistry: numbness and paresthesia of the lips and tongue, the lengthening of anesthesia.
Severe bleeding, shock, hypotension, infection of the proposed injection site, marked bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, severe forms of chronic heart failure, SSS in elderly patients, AV-block II and III degree (except in cases when the probe was introduced to stimulate the ventricles), severe liver function abnormalities.
For subarachnoid anesthesia - complete heart block, bleeding, hypotension, shock, infection of the venue lumbar puncture, septicemia.
Increased sensitivity to Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) and other amide type local anesthetics.
During pregnancy and lactation be used only for health reasons. Xyloderm is excreted in breast milk.
In obstetric practice used with caution in paracervical for violations of fetal development, placental insufficiency, prematurity, postmaturity, gestosis.
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - B.
Use with caution in liver disease and kidney failure, hypovolemia, severe heart failure, in violation of the contractility of genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. In children, debilitated patients, elderly patients are required in dosage adjustment in accordance with the age and physical status. When injected into vascularized tissue it is recommended an aspiration test.
Beta-blockers increase the risk of bradycardia and hypotension. Norepinephrine and beta-blockers by reducing hepatic blood flow decrease (increased toxicity), isadrine and glucagon - increase the clearance of Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride). Cimetidine increases the plasma concentration of Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) (displaces from its association with proteins and slows inactivation in the liver). Barbiturates causing induction of microsomal enzymes stimulate the degradation of Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) and reduce its activity. Anticonvulsants (hydantoin derivatives) accelerate the biotransformation in the liver (decreased concentration in the blood), for IV injections it may increases cardiodepressive action of Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride). Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, verapamil, quinidine, aymalin) potentiate cardiac depression. Combination with novocainamide may cause CNS excitement and hallucinations. Xyloderm (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) strengthens the inhibitory effect of anesthesia (hexobarbital, thiopental sodium), hypnotics and sedatives on the respiratory center, weakens the cardiac effects of digitoxin, enhances muscle relaxation caused by drugs curare like (possible paralysis of respiratory muscles). MAO inhibitors prolong local anesthesia.
Symptoms: psychomotor agitation, dizziness, weakness, decreased blood pressure, tremors, tonic-clonic convulsions, coma, collapse, possible AV blockade, CNS depression, respiratory arrest.
Treatment: discontinuation, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen therapy, anticonvulsants, vasoconstrictors (norepinephrine, mezaton), when bradycardia - anticholinergics (atropine). It is possible to carry out intubation, mechanical ventilation, resuscitation. Dialysis is ineffective.
Neomycin Sulfate:
To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets and other antibacterial drugs, Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.
Suppression of Intestinal Bacteria
Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy as part of a regimen for the suppression of the normal bacterial flora of the bowel, e.g., preoperative preparation of the bowel. It is given concomitantly with erythromycin enteric-coated base (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).
Hepatic Coma (Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy)
Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia-forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement.
Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) oral preparations are contraindicated in the presence of intestinal obstruction and in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug.
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity or serious toxic reaction to other aminoglycosides may have a cross-sensitivity to neomycin. Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) oral preparations are contraindicated in patients with inflammatory or ulcerative gastrointestinal disease because of the potential for enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of neomycin.
Additional manifestations of neurotoxicity may include numbness, skin tingling, muscle twitching and convulsions.
The risk of hearing loss continues after drug withdrawal. Aminoglycosides can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics cross the placenta and there have been several reports of total irreversible bilateral congenital deafness in children whose mothers received streptomycin during pregnancy. Although serious side effects to fetus or newborn have not been reported in the treatment of pregnant women with other aminoglycosides, the potential for harm exists. Animal reproduction studies of neomycin have not been conducted. If neomycin is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.
Prescribing Xyloderm tablets in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
As with other antibiotics, use of oral neomycin may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, particularly fungi. If this occurs, appropriate therapy should be instituted.
Neomycin is quickly and almost totally absorbed from body surfaces (except the urinary bladder) after local irrigation and when applied topically in association with surgical procedures. Delayed-onset irreversible deafness, renal failure and death due to neuromuscular blockade (regardless of the status of renal function) have been reported following irrigation of both small and large surgical fields with minute quantities of neomycin.
Cross-allergenicity among aminoglycosides has been demonstrated.
Aminoglycosides should be used with caution in patients with muscular disorders such as myasthenia gravis or parkinsonism since these drugs may aggravate muscle weakness because of their potential curare-like effect on the neuromuscular junction.
Small amounts of orally administered neomycin are absorbed through intact intestinal mucosa.
There have been many reports in the literature of nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity with oral use of neomycin. If renal insufficiency develops during oral therapy, consideration should be given to reducing the drug dosage or discontinuing therapy.
An oral neomycin dose of 12 grams per day produces a malabsorption syndrome for a variety of substances, including fat, nitrogen, cholesterol, carotene, glucose, xylose, lactose, sodium, calcium, cyanocobalamin and iron.
Orally administered neomycin increases fecal bile acid excretion and reduces intestinal lactase activity.
Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets are prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets or other antibacterial drugs in the future.
Before administering the drug, patients or members of their families should be informed of possible toxic effects on the eighth nerve. The possibility of acute toxicity increases in premature infants and neonates.
Patients with renal insufficiency may develop toxic neomycin blood levels unless doses are properly regulated. If renal insufficiency develops during treatment, the dosage should be reduced or the antibiotic discontinued. To avoid nephrotoxicity and eighth nerve damage associated with high doses and prolonged treatment, the following should be performed prior to and periodically during therapy: urinalysis for increased excretion of protein, decreased specific gravity, casts and cells; renal function tests such as serum creatinine, BUN or creatinine clearance; tests of the vestibulocochlearis nerve function.
Serial, vestibular and audiometric tests should be performed (especially in high-risk patients). Since elderly patients may have reduced renal function which may not be evident in the results of routine screening tests such as BUN or serum creatinine, a creatinine clearance determination may be more useful.
Caution should be taken in concurrent or serial use of other neurotoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs because of possible enhancement of the nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity of neomycin (see boxed WARNINGS ).
Caution should also be taken in concurrent or serial use of other aminoglycosides and polymyxins because they may enhance neomycin’s nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity and potentiate neomycin sulfate’s neuromuscular blocking effects.
Oral neomycin inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of penicillin V, oral vitamin B-12, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The gastrointestinal absorption of digoxin also appears to be inhibited. Therefore, digoxin serum levels should be monitored.
Oral Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) may enhance the effect of coumarin in anticoagulants by decreasing vitamin K availability.
No long-term animal studies have been performed with Xyloderm to evaluate carcinogenic or mutagenic potential or impairment of fertility.
See WARNINGS section.
It is not known whether neomycin is excreted in human milk, but it has been shown to be excreted in cow milk following a single intramuscular injection. Other aminoglycosides have been shown to be excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from the aminoglycosides in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
The safety and efficacy of oral Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established. If treatment of a patient less than 18 years of age is necessary, neomycin should be used with caution and the period of treatment should not exceed two weeks because of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
The most common adverse reactions to oral Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The "Malabsorption Syndrome" characterized by increased fecal fat, decreased serum carotene and fall in xylose absorption has been reported with prolonged therapy. Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockage have been reported (see boxed WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections).
Because of low absorption, it is unlikely that acute overdosage would occur with oral Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate). However, prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
Hemodialysis will remove Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) from the blood.
To minimize the risk of toxicity, use the lowest possible dose and the shortest possible treatment period to control the condition. Treatment for periods longer than two weeks is not recommended.
Hepatic Coma
For use as an adjunct in the management of hepatic coma, the recommended dose is 4 to 12 grams per day given in the following regimen:
Preoperative Prophylaxis for Elective Colorectal Surgery
Listed below is an example of a recommended bowel preparation regimen. A proposed surgery time of 8:00 a.m. has been used.
Pre-op Day 3: Minimum residue or clear liquid diet. Bisacodyl, 1 tablet orally at 6:00 p.m.
Pre-op Day 2: Minimum residue or clear liquid diet. Magnesium sulfate, 30 mL, 50% solution (15 g) orally at 10:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Enema at 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.
Pre-op Day 1: Clear liquid diet. Supplemental (IV) fluids as needed. Magnesium sulfate, 30 mL, 50% solution (15 g) orally at 10:00 a.m., and 2:00 p.m. Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) (1 g) and erythromycin base (1 g) orally at 1:00 p.m., 2:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. No enema.
Day of Operation: Patient evacuates rectum at 6:30 a.m. for scheduled operation at 8:00 a.m.
Xyloderm (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets USP, 500 mg (equivalent to 350 mg of neomycin base per tablet) are available as white to off-white, round, standard convex tablets debossed "LCI" on one side and "1210", on the other side and are supplied in:
Bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1210-01)
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Dispense in tight containers as defined in the USP/NF.
Distributed By:
Lannett Company, Inc.
Philadelphia, PA 19154
Made in the USA
Rev. 01/17
CIB71710A
Depending on the reaction of the Xyloderm after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Xyloderm not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Xyloderm addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Visitors | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
No side effects | 1 | 100.0% |
Visitors | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
Not expensive | 1 | 100.0% |
Visitors | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
4 times in a day | 1 | 100.0% |
Visitors | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
11-50mg | 2 | 33.3% | |
501mg-1g | 2 | 33.3% | |
1-5mg | 2 | 33.3% |
Visitors | % | ||
---|---|---|---|
> 60 | 5 | 83.3% | |
46-60 | 1 | 16.7% |
I smother my donger and nutsak in this stuff a few hours before sex. Cleans it all up nicely and leaves you numb so you can smash her for hours before you blow! |
The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology