Zest Syrup

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Zest Syrup uses

Zest Syrup consists of Copper (Copper Sulfate), Iron (Iron Choline Citrate), Protein Hydrolysate, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide), Vitamin B5 (D-Panthenol), Vitamin B6, Zinc Sulfate.

Copper (Copper Sulfate):



Water-Resistant Protection Without Bandaging

Recommended as an Aid in Treating Horses and Ponies With Thrush Due to Organisms Susceptible to Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate)) Naphthenate.

For Animal Use Only.

INDICATIONS:

ThrushTox® is indicated in the treatment of thrush in horses and ponies.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS:

Clean the hoof thoroughly, removing debris and necrotic material prior to application of Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate))®. Apply daily to affected hoofs with a narrow paint brush (about 1”) until fully healed. Caution: Do not allow runoff of excess Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® onto hair since contact with Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® may cause some hair loss. Do not contaminate feed.

NOTE: Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® is easily removed from hands, clothing and surfaces with light grade fuel oil or any type of lighter fluid.

CONTAINS FOIL SEAL – REMOVE BEFORE USE.

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

To report suspected adverse reactions or to obtain technical assistance, call 1-800-650-4899.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Zest Syrup (Copper (Copper Sulfate)) Naphthenate...37.5% w/w

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS:

Inert Ingredients...62.5% w/w

Total... 100.0%

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CAUTION:

Do not use in horses intended for human consumption.

CAUTION: COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE.

Use in a well-ventilated place. Avoid fire, flame, sparks or heaters.

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call physician immediately. Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS.

STORAGE:

Store at controlled room temperature 15º to 30ºC (59º to 86ºF). Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Manufactured for:

Aspen Veterinary Resources,® Ltd.

Liberty, MO 64068, USA

FC163FP 11/13

Manufactured by:

First Priority, Inc.

Elgin, IL 60123-1146, USA

NET CONTENTS:

16 OZ (473 mL)

ANADA 200-304, Approved by FDA

Image of 473 mL bottle/case label

Iron (Iron Choline Citrate):


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is indicated for the treatment of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is an Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Zest Syrup ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is expressed in mg of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)).

Population Dose
Adult patients Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD) (2.1) 100 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (2.2) 200 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (PDD-CKD) (2.3) 300 mg or 400 mg intravenous infusion
Pediatric patients HDD-CKD (2.4), PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD (2.5) 0.5 mg/kg slow intravenous injection or infusion

2.1 Adult Patients with Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD)

Administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is 1000 mg. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment may be repeated if Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.2 Adult Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment may be repeated if Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.3 Adult Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment may be repeated if Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.4 Pediatric Patients with HDD-CKD for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.

For Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

2.5 Pediatric Patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD who are on erythropoietin therapy for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.

For Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

  • Known hypersensitivity to Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate))
  • Known hypersensitivity to Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Observe for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Zest Syrup ) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. (5.1)
  • Hypotension: Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) may cause hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during and following each administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). (5.2)
  • Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) Overload: Regularly monitor hematologic responses during Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) therapy. Do not administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) to patients with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) overload. (5.3)

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .

5.2 Hypotension

Zest Syrup ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Hypotension following administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .

5.3 Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) Overload

Excessive therapy with parenteral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) can lead to excess storage of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) to patients with evidence of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose; do not perform serum Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions associated with Zest Syrup ) are described in other sections .

  • The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) following the administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hypotension, pruritus, pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramp, injection site reactions, chest pain, and peripheral edema. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults Patients with CKD

Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD

The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Zest Syrup ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.


* EPO=Erythropoietin

Adverse Reactions

(Preferred Term)

HDD-CKD NDD-CKD PDD-CKD
Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) Oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) EPO* Only
(N=231) (N=139) (N=139) (N=75) (N=46)
% % % % %
Subjects with any adverse reaction 78.8 76.3 73.4 72.0 65.2
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Ear Pain 0 2.2 0.7 0 0
Eye Disorders
Conjunctivitis 0.4 0 0 2.7 0
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abdominal pain 3.5 1.4 2.9 4.0 6.5
Diarrhea 5.2 7.2 10.1 8.0 4.3
Dysgeusia 0.9 7.9 0 0 0
Nausea 14.7 8.6 12.2 5.3 4.3
Vomiting 9.1 5.0 8.6 8.0 2.2
General Disorders and
Administration Site Conditions
Asthenia 2.2 0.7 2.2 2.7 0
Chest pain 6.1 1.4 0 2.7 0
Feeling abnormal 3.0 0 0 0 0
Infusion site pain or burning 0 5.8 0 0 0
Injection site extravasation 0 2.2 0 0 0
Peripheral edema 2.6 7.2 5.0 5.3 10.9
Pyrexia 3.0 0.7 0.7 1.3 0
Infections and Infestations
Nasopharyngitis, Sinusitis, Upper

respiratory tract infections, Pharyngitis

2.6 2.2 4.3 16.0 4.3
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural
Complications
Graft complication 9.5 1.4 0 0 0
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Fluid overload 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0
Gout 0 2.9 1.4 0 0
Hyperglycemia 0 2.9 0 0 2.2
Hypoglycemia 0.4 0.7 0.7 4.0 0
Musculoskeletal and Connective
Tissue Disorders
Arthralgia 3.5 1.4 2.2 4.0 4.3
Back pain 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.3 4.3
Muscle cramp 29.4 0.7 0.7 2.7 0
Myalgia 0 3.6 0 1.3 0
Pain in extremity 5.6 4.3 0 2.7 6.5
Nervous System Disorders
Dizziness 6.5 6.5 1.4 1.3 4.3
Headache 12.6 2.9 0.7 4.0 0
Respiratory, Thoracic and
Mediastinal Disorders
Cough 3.0 2.2 0.7 1.3 0
Dyspnea 3.5 5.8 1.4 1.3 2.2
Nasal congestion 0 1.4 2.2 1.3 0
Skin and Subcutaneous
Tissue Disorders
Pruritus 3.9 2.2 4.3 2.7 0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 6.5 6.5 4.3 8.0 6.5
Hypotension 39.4 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2

One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) product). When these patients were treated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) .

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 2.0 mg/kg.

A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).

6.2 Adverse Reactions from Post-Marketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.

Symptoms associated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.

Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug interactions involving Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) have not been studied. However, Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) preparations.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B

Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Zest Syrup ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Zest Syrup ) for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.

In a country where Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) or any other drugs could be established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

No data are available regarding overdosage of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) may lead to accumulation of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) to patients with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) overload.

Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.

11 DESCRIPTION

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:

[Na2Fe5O8(OH) ·3(H2O)]n ·m(C12H22O11)

where: n is the degree of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (III)-hydroxide.

Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) as Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose in water for injection. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Zest Syrup ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is dissociated into Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) and sucrose and the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following intravenous administration, Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is dissociated into Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Zest Syrup ), its Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) containing 100 mg of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) labeled with 52Fe/59Fe in patients with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) trapping compartment.

Following intravenous administration of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose is dissociated into Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) have not been studied.

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

In a single-dose PK study of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), the half-life of total serum Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose.

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Zest Syrup ).

14.1 Study A: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD–CKD)

Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), who were off intravenous Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.

Patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.


**p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to historical control from ANCOVA analysis with baseline hemoglobin, serum ferritin and erythropoietin dose as covariates.


Efficacy

parameters

End of treatment 2 week follow-up 5 week follow-up
Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (n=69 Historical Control (n=18) Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate))

(n=73)

Historical Control

(n=18)

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate))

(n=71)

Historical

Control

(n=15)

Hemoglobin (g/dL) 1.0 ± 0.12** 0.0 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.14** -0.6 ± 0.24 1.2 ± 0.17* -0.1 ± 0.23
Hematocrit (%) 3.1 ± 0.37** -0.3 ± 0.65 3.6 ± 0.44** -1.2 ± 0.76 3.3 ± 0.54 0.2 ± 0.86

Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).

14.2 Study B: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in 23 patients with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.

All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.

14.3 Study C: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.

The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.

14.4 Study D: Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) versus Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) group.

A statistically significantly greater proportion of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).

14.5 Study E: Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) or Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.

Patients in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).

14.6 Study F: Zest Syrup ) Maintenance Treatment Dosing in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 years and Older with Chronic Kidney Disease

Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/storage and handling

16.1 How Supplied

Zest Syrup ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) (20 mg/mL).

NDC-0517-2310-05 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 5
NDC-0517-2310-10 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-01 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Individually Boxed
NDC-0517-2340-10 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-25 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25
NDC-0517-2340-99 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-10 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-25 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25

16.2 Stability and Storage

Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.

Syringe Stability: Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).

Intravenous Admixture Stability: Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).

Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.

Do not mix Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Prior to Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) administration:

  • Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) products
  • Advise patients of the risks associated with Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate))
  • Advise patients to report any symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and following Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) administration, such as rash, itching, dizziness, light-headedness, swelling, and breathing problems [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Zest Syrup (Iron (Iron Choline Citrate)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.

PremierProRx® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.

PREMIERProRx®

IN2340

MG #15727

Protein Hydrolysate:


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Zest Syrup is indicated for pediatric and adult patients with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and purpura fulminans. (1.1)

1.1 Severe Congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C Deficiency

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is indicated for pediatric and adult patients with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and purpura fulminans.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Initiate treatment under the supervision of a physician experienced in using coagulation factors/inhibitors where monitoring of Zest Syrup C activity is feasible. (2.1)


Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) Dosing Schedule for Acute Episodes, Short-term Prophyaxis and Long-term Prophylaxis Dosing is based upon a pivotal clinical trial of 15 patients


Initial Dose The dose regimen should be adjusted according to the pharmacokinetic profile for each individual. (2.1, 2.2)


Subsequent # Doses


Maintenance Dose


Acute Episodes, Short-term ProphyaxisZest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) should be continued until desired anticoagulation is achieved.


100-120 IU/kg


60-80 IU/kg

Q 6 hours


45-60 IU/kg

Q 6 or Q 12 hours


Long-term Prophylaxis


NA


NA


45-60 IU/kg

Q 12 hours


Store at 2°C – 8°C (36°F-46°F) and protect from light. Avoid freezing. Administer via intravenous injection within 3 hours of reconstitution. (16)

2.1 General

For intravenous administration only.

Initiate treatment with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) under the supervision of a physician experienced in replacement therapy with coagulation factors/inhibitors where monitoring of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity is feasible.

The dose, administration frequency and duration of treatment with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) depends on the severity of the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency, the patient's age, the clinical condition of the patient and the patient's plasma level of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C. Therefore, adjust the dose regimen according to the pharmacokinetic profile for each individual patient. See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C Activity Monitoring (2.2).

Table 1 provides the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) dosing schedule for acute episodes, short-term prophylaxis and long-term prophylaxis.

NA = Not applicable; Q = every.

Initial Dose The dose regimen should be adjusted according to the pharmacokinetic profile for each individual. (2.1, 2.2)


Subsequent 3

Doses


Maintenance

Dose


Acute Episode /

Short-term ProphylaxisZest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) should be continued until desired anticoagulation is achieved.


100-120 IU/kg


60 - 80 IU/kg

Q 6 hours


45 - 60 IU/kg

Q 6 or 12 hours


Long-term Prophylaxis


NA


NA


45 - 60 IU/kg

Q 12 hours


An initial dose of 100-120 IU/kg for determination of recovery and half-life is recommended for acute episodes and short-term prophylaxis. Subsequently, adjust the dose to maintain a target peak Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity of 100 %. After resolution of the acute episode, continue the patient on the same dose to maintain trough Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity level above 25% for the duration of treatment.

In patients receiving prophylactic administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate), higher peak Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity levels may be warranted in situations of an increased risk of thrombosis (such as infection, trauma, or surgical intervention). Maintenance of trough Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity levels above 25% is recommended.

These dosing guidelines are also recommended for neonatal and pediatric patients. See USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS: Pediatric Use (8.4 ) and CLINICAL

Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics (12.3).

2.2 Zest Syrup C Activity Monitoring

The measurement of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity using a chromogenic assay is recommended for the determination of the patient's plasma level of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C before and during treatment with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate). The half-life of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) may be shortened in certain clinical conditions such as acute thrombosis, purpura fulminans and skin necrosis. See CLINICAL

Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics (12.3). In the case of an acute thrombotic event, it is recommended that Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity measurements be performed immediately before the next injection until the patient is stabilized. After the patient is stabilized, continue monitoring the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C levels to maintain the trough Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C level above 25%.

Patients treated during the acute phase of their disease may display much lower increases in protein C activity. Coagulation parameters should also be checked; however, in clinical trials data were insufficient to establish correlation between Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity levels and coagulation parameters.

2.3 Initiation of Vitamin K Antagonists

In patients starting treatment with oral anticoagulants belonging to the class of vitamin K antagonists, a transient hypercoagulable state may arise before the desired anticoagulant effect becomes apparent. This transient effect may be explained by the fact that Zest Syrup C, itself a vitamin K-dependent plasma Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate), has a shorter half-life than most of the vitamin K-dependent proteins (i.e. Factor II, IX and X).

In the initial phase of treatment, the activity of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C is more rapidly suppressed than that of the procoagulant factors. For this reason, if the patient is switched to oral anticoagulants, protein C replacement must be continued until stable anticoagulation is obtained. Although warfarin-induced skin necrosis can occur in any patient during the initiation of treatment with oral anticoagulant therapy, individuals with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency are particularly at risk.

During the initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy, it is advisable to start with a low dose of the anticoagulant and adjust this incrementally, rather than use a standard loading dose of the anticoagulant.

2.4 Preparation of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) [Protein C Concentrate (Human)]

Reconstitution: Use Aseptic Technique

  • Bring the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) (powder) and Sterile Water for Injection, USP (diluent) to room temperature.
  • Remove caps from the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and diluent vials.
  • Cleanse stoppers with germicidal solution, and allow them to dry prior to use.
  • Remove protective covering from one end of the double-ended transfer needle and insert exposed needle through the center of the diluent vial stopper.
  • Remove protective covering from the other end of the double-ended transfer needle. Invert diluent vial over the upright Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) vial; then rapidly insert the free end of the needle through the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) vial stopper at its center. The vacuum in the vial will draw in the diluent. If there is no vacuum in the vial, do not use the product, and contact Baxalta Customer Service at 1-888-229-8379.
  • Disconnect the two vials by removing the needle from the diluent vial stopper. Then, remove the transfer needle from the Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) vial. Gently swirl the vial until all powder is dissolved. Be sure that Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is completely dissolved; otherwise, active materials will be removed by the filter needle.

2.5 Administration of Zest Syrup [Protein C Concentrate (Human)]

Administration: Use Aseptic Technique

Visually inspect Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.

After reconstitution, the solution should be colorless to slightly yellowish and clear to slightly opalescent and free of visible particles. Do not use the solution if it does not meet this criteria. Administer Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) at room temperature not more than 3 hours after reconstitution.

  • Attach the filter needle to a sterile, disposable syringe and draw back the plunger to admit air into the syringe.
  • Insert the filter needle into the vial of reconstituted Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate).
  • Inject air into the vial and then withdraw the reconstituted Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) into the syringe.
  • Remove and discard the filter needle in a hard-walled Sharps container for proper disposal. Filter needles are intended to filter the contents of a single vial of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) only.
  • Attach a suitable needle or infusion set with winged adapter, and inject intravenously as instructed below under Administration by infusion.

Record the name and batch number of the product every time Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is administered to a patient.

Administration by Infusion

Administer Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) at a maximum injection rate of 2 mL per minute except for children with a body weight of < 10 kg, where the injection rate should not exceed a rate of 0.2 mL/kg/minute.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is available in single-dose vials that contain nominally 500 (blue color bar) or 1000 (green color bar) International Units (IU) human Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C and is reconstituted with 5 mL and 10 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, respectively to provide a single dose of human Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C at a concentration of 100 IU/mL.

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate), when reconstituted with the appropriate volume of diluent, contains the following excipients: 8 mg/mL human albumin, 4.4 mg/mL trisodium citrate dihydrate and 8.8 mg/mL sodium chloride.

BLUE BAR: Approximately 500 IU/vial (3)

GREEN BAR: Approximately 1000 IU/vial (3)

Each single-dose vial contains the following excipients: 8 mg/mL human albumin, 4.4 mg/mL trisodium citrate dihydrate and 8.8 mg/mL sodium chloride when reconstituted with the appropriate amount of diluent. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

None known. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Discontinue administration if symptoms of hypersensitivity/allergic reactions occur.
  • Made from pooled human plasma. The possibility of transmitting infectious agents cannot be ruled out. (5.2, 11)
  • Simultaneous administration with tPA and/or anticoagulants may increase risk of bleeding. (5.3)
  • Contains heparin. If heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is suspected, check platelet counts immediately and discontinue administration. (5.4)
  • Contains sodium >200 mg. Inform patients on a low sodium diet and/or patients with renal impairment. (5.5)

5.1 Hypersensitivity/Allergic Reactions

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) may contain traces of mouse Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and/or heparin as a result of the manufacturing process. Allergic reactions to mouse Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and/or heparin cannot be ruled out. If symptoms of hypersensitivity/allergic reaction occur, discontinue the injection/infusion. In case of anaphylactic shock, the current medical standards for treatment are to be observed.

5.2 Transmission of Infectious Agents

Because Zest Syrup is made from human plasma, it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, and theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) agent.

ALL infections suspected by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Baxalta US Inc., at 1-888-229-8379. Discuss the risks and benefits of this product with your patient.

5.3 Bleeding Episodes

Several bleeding episodes have been observed in clinical studies. Concurrent anticoagulant medication may have been responsible for these bleeding episodes. However, it cannot be completely ruled out that the administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) further contributed to these bleeding events.

Simultaneous administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) may further increase the risk of bleeding from tPA.

5.4 Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) contains trace amounts of heparin which may lead to Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia, which can be associated with a rapid decrease of the number of thrombocytes. Identifying HIT is complicated because these symptoms may already be present in acute phase patients with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency. Determine the platelet count immediately and consider discontinuation of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate).

5.5 Low Sodium Diet/Renal Impairment

Inform patients on a low sodium diet that the quantity of sodium in the maximum daily dose of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) exceeds 200 mg. Monitor patients with renal impairment closely for sodium overload.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The common adverse reactions related to Zest Syrup treatment observed were the following hypersensitivity or allergic reactions: lightheadedness and itching and rash.

  • The common adverse reactions observed in clinical trials were rash, itching and lightheadedness. (2.1, 5.1, 6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Baxalta US Inc. at 1-800-999-1785 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or http://www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Studies Experience

Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in one clinical study of a drug cannot be directly compared with rates in the clinical studies of the same drug or another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety profile of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) was based on 121 patients from clinical studies and compassionate use in severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency. Duration of exposure ranged from 1 day to 8 years. One patient experienced hypersensitivity/allergic reactions (itching and rash) and lightheadedness which were determined by the investigator to be related to Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate).

No inhibiting antibodies to Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) have been observed in clinical studies. However, the potential for developing antibodies cannot be ruled out.

6.2 Post-marketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate):

Psychiatric Disorders: Restlessness

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Hyperhydrosis

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Injection Site Reaction

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

No formal drug interaction studies have been conducted.

See WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS: Bleeding Episodes (5.3) for information regarding simultaneous administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Initiation of Vitamin K Antagonists (2.3) for information regarding use of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) and vitamin K antagonists.

  • None known. (7)

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

  • Pregnancy: Not studied.
  • Labor and Delivery: Not studied. (8.2)
  • Nursing Mothers: Not studied. (8.3)
  • Pediatric Use: Recommended for neonate and pediatric use. (2.1, 8.4, 12.3)
  • Renal/Hepatic Impairment: Not studied. (8.6)

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate). It is also not known whether Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed.

8.2 Labor and Delivery

Zest Syrup has not been studied for use during labor and delivery. Use only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) has not been studied for use in nursing mothers. Use Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) only if clearly needed.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Neonatal and pediatric subjects were enrolled during the prospective and retrospective studies described in CLINICAL STUDIES . Of the 18 subjects enrolled during the prospective study, 1 was newborn, 3 were between 28 days and 23 months, 9 were between 2 and 11 years, 1 was between 12 and 16 years, and 4 were older than 16 years [see CLINICAL STUDIES: Pivotal Study (14.1)]. Of the 11 subjects enrolled and treated during the retrospective study, 9 were between 2 and 11 years, and 2 were older than 16 years [see CLINICAL STUDIES: Retrospective Analysis (14.2)].

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.

8.6 Renal/Hepatic Impairment

No experience in the treatment of patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment is available.

11 DESCRIPTION

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) [Protein C Concentrate (Human)] is manufactured from human plasma purified by a combination of filtration and chromatographic procedures, including a column of immobilized mouse monoclonal antibodies on gel beads. See WARNINGS/PRECAUTIONS: Transmission of Infectious Agents (5.2).

The manufacturing process for Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) includes processing steps designed to reduce the risk of viral transmission. The capacity of the manufacturing process to remove and/or inactivate enveloped and non-enveloped viruses has been validated by laboratory spiking studies on a scaled down process model, using the following enveloped and non-enveloped viruses: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV ), Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV), Pseudorabies Virus (PRV), Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Mice Minute Virus (MMV). Virus reduction steps consist of detergent treatment (Polysorbate 80, P80), heat inactivation (Vapor Heating) and immunoaffinity chromatography (IAX).

Virus clearance studies for Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) have demonstrated that the process provides for a robust overall virus clearance capacity. A summary of log10 virus reduction factors per virus and manufacturing step is presented in Table 2.

Abbreviations: IEX, Ion Exchange Chromatography; IAX, Immunoaffinity Chromatography; HIV-1, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I; TBEV, Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (model for hepatitis C virus); BVDV, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (model virus for HCV and other small, enveloped RNA viruses); PRV, Pseudorabies Virus (model virus for enveloped DNA viruses, e.g. HBV, Hepatitis B Virus); HAV, Hepatitis A Virus; MMV, Mice Minute Virus (model for Human Parvovirus B19 and for non enveloped viruses); n.d., not done.

Manufact-uring Step


HIV-1


HCV Model Viruses


PRV


HAV


MMV


BVDV


TBEV


P80 Treatment


>5.1


>4.7


n.d.


2.5Coupled with IEX. I


>3.8


1.4


IAX


5.7


n.d.


4.8


5.4


3.1


3.6


Vapor Heating


4.6


>5.9


n.d.


5.9


>4.2


1.2

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of action

Zest Syrup C is the precursor of a vitamin K-dependent anticoagulant glycoprotein (serine protease) that is synthesized in the liver. See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Initiation of Vitamin K Antagonists (2.3). It is converted by the thrombin/thrombomodulin-complex on the endothelial cell surface to activated Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C (APC). APC is a serine protease with potent anticoagulant effects, especially in the presence of its cofactor Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) S. APC exerts its effect by the inactivation of the activated forms of factors V and VIII, which leads to a decrease in thrombin formation. APC has also been shown to have profibrinolytic effects.

The Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C pathway provides a natural mechanism for control of the coagulation system and prevention of excessive procoagulant responses to activating stimuli. A complete absence of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C is not compatible with life. A severe deficiency of this anticoagulant Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) causes a defect in the control mechanism and leads to unchecked coagulation activation, resulting in thrombin generation and intravascular clot formation with thrombosis.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

In clinical studies, the intravenous administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) demonstrated a temporary increase, within approximately half an hour of administration, in plasma levels of APC. Replacement of protein C in protein C-deficient patients is expected to control or, if given prophylactically, to prevent thrombotic complications.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Table 3 provides pharmacokinetic results for asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency.


PK parameter


N


Median


95% CI for median


Min


Max


Cmax [IU/dL]


21


110


106 to 127


40


141


Tmax [h]


21


0.50


0.50 to 1.05


0.17


1.33


Incremental recovery

[(IU/dL)/(IU/kg)]


21


1.42


1.32 to 1.59


0.50


1.76


Initial half-life [h]


21


7.8


5.4 to 9.3


3.0


36.1


Terminal half-life [h]


21


9.9


7.0 to 12.4


4.4


15.8


Half-life by the non-compartmental approach [h]


21


9.8


7.1 to 11.6


4.9


14.7


AUC0-Infinity [IU*h/dL]


21


1500


1289 to 1897


344


2437


MRT [h]


21


14.1


10.3 to 16.7


7.1


21.3


Clearance [dL/kg/h]


21


0.0533


0.0428 to 0.0792


0.0328


0.2324


Volume of distribution at steady state [dL/kg]


21


0.74


0.70 to 0.89


0.44


1.65


Cmax = Maximum concentration after infusion; T max = Time at maximum concentration;

AUC 0-Infinity = Area under the curve from 0 to infinity; MRT = Mean residence time; and

Incremental recovery = Maximum increase in Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C concentration following infusion divided by dose


The Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C plasma activity was measured by chromogenic and/or clotting assay. The maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) appeared to increase dose-linearly between 40 and 80 IU/kg. The median incremental recovery was 1.42 [(IU/dL)/(IU/kg)] after intravenous administration of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate). The median half-lives, based on non-compartmental method, ranged from 4.9 to 14.7 hours, with a median of 9.8 hours. In patients with acute thrombosis, both the increase in protein C plasma levels as well as half-life may be considerably reduced. No formal study or analysis has been performed to evaluate the effect of covariates such as race and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate).

The pharmacokinetic profile in pediatric patients has not been formally assessed. Limited data suggest that the pharmacokinetics of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) may be different between very young children and adults. The systemic exposure (Cmax and AUC) may be considerably reduced due to a faster clearance, a larger volume of distribution, and/or a shorter half-life of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C in very young children than in older subjects. Consider this fact when a dosing regimen for children is determined. Doses should be individualized based upon Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C activity levels. See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C Activity Monitoring (2.2).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility

Protein C contained in Zest Syrup is a normal constituent of human plasma and acts like endogenous protein C. Studies in heterologous species to evaluate carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicology and developmental toxicology have not been performed.

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) has not demonstrated mutagenic potential in the Salmonella Thyphimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames test).

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Safety

Pharmacology:

Cardio-respiratory studies performed in dogs evaluating mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, QT interval changes, pulmonary artery pressure, respiratory rate and respiratory minute volume demonstrated no adverse effects at a maximum dose of 500 IU/kg. Anaphylactoid reactions as determined by measurement of bronchospastic activity in guinea pigs demonstrated no adverse effects at the maximum dose of 300 IU/kg. Thrombogenic potential was evaluated in rabbits using the Wessler stasis model and demonstrated no adverse effects at 200 IU/kg. Overall, safety pharmacology studies evaluating cardio-respiratory function, acute dose anaphylactoid potential and thrombogenicity demonstrated no adverse effects in a range of doses from 1.6 to 4.2 times the maximum single human dosage per kilogram body weight.

Acute Dose Toxicity:

Toxicity testing in rats and mice following single dosing of 2000 IU/kg or 1500 IU/kg, respectively, demonstrated no adverse clinical effects or gross pathology at 14 days post dosing.

Repeated Dose Toxicity:

Studies were not conducted to evaluate repeated-dose toxicity in animals. Prior experience with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) has suggested immunogenic response in heterologous species following repeated dosing of this human derived Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate). Thus, the long-term toxicity potential of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) following repeated dosing in animals is unknown.

Local Tolerance Testing:

Investigation of route of injection tolerance demonstrated that Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) did not result in any local reactions after intravenous, intra-arterial injections of 500 IU/kg (5 mL) and paravenous injections of 100 IU/kg (1 mL) in rabbits.

Citrate Toxicity:

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) contains 4.4 mg of Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (TCD) per mL of reconstituted product. Studies in mice evaluating 1000 IU vials reconstituted with 10 mL vehicle followed by dosing at 30 mL/kg (132 mg/kg TCD) and 60 mL/kg (264 mg/kg TCD) resulted in signs of citrate toxicity (dyspnea, slowed movement, hemoperitoneum, lung and thymus hemorrhage and renal pelvis dilation).

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Pivotal Study

This was a multi-center, open-label, non-randomized, phase 2/3 study in 3 parts which evaluated the safety and efficacy of Zest Syrup in subjects with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency for the (on-demand) treatment of acute thrombotic episodes, such as purpura fulminans (PF), warfarin-induced skin necrosis (WISN) and other thromboembolic events, and for short-term or long-term prophylaxis. Eighteen subjects (9 male and 9 female), ages ranging from 0 (newborn) to 25.7 years participated in this study.

The clinical endpoint of the study was to assess whether episodes of PF and/or other thromboembolic events were treated effectively, effectively with complications, or not treated effectively. Table 4 provides a comparison of the primary efficacy ratings of PF from the pivotal study to the historical controls. Inadequate data is available for treatment of WISN.


Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C

Concentrate (Human)


Historical

Controls


Episode Type


Primary Efficacy Rating


N


%


N


%


Purpura Fulminans


Effective


17


94.4


11


52.4


Effective with Complication


1


5.6


7


33.3


Not Effective


0


0.0


3


14.3


Total


18


100


21


100


Of 18 episodes of PF (6 severe, 11 moderate, 1 mild) treated with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) for the primary efficacy rating, 17 (94.4%) were rated as effective, and 1 (5.6%) was rated as effective with complications; none (0%) were rated not effective. When compared with the efficacy ratings for 21 episodes of PF (historical control group), subjects with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency were more effectively treated with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) than those treated with modalities such as fresh frozen plasma or conventional anticoagulants.

Table 5 provides a summary of the secondary treatment ratings for treatment of skin lesions and other thrombotic episodes from part one of the study.




Purpura Fulminans

Skin Necrosis


Other Thrombotic Events


Total




Mild


Moderate


Severe


Total


Total




Rating Category


N


%


N


%


N


%


N


%


N


%


N


%


Excellent


1


5.6


7


38.9


5


27.8


13


72.2


4


80.0


17


73.9


Good


0


0.0


4


22.2


0


0.0


4


22.2


1


20.0


5


21.7


Fair


0


0.0


0


0.0


1


5.6


1


5.6


0


0


1


4.3


Total


1


5.6


11


61.1


6


33.3


18


100.0


5


100.0


23


100.0


N = Number of episodes


In a secondary efficacy rating, 13 (72.2%) of the 18 episodes of PF treated with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) were rated as excellent, 4 (22.2%) were rated as good, and 1 (5.6%) episode of severe PF was rated as fair; all were rated as effective. Four (80%) of the 5 episodes of venous thrombosis had treatment ratings of excellent, while 1 (20%) was rated as good.

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) was also demonstrated to be effective in reducing the size and number of skin lesions. Non-necrotic skin lesions healed over a maximum 12-day (median 4-day) period and necrotic skin lesions healed over a maximum 52-day (median 11-day) period of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) treatment, as shown in Table 6.


Lesion Type


Number of Episodes

(Number of Subjects)


Mean


Median


Minimum


Maximum


Non-necrotic


16 (9 subjects)


4.6


4.0


1


12


Necrotic


7 (5 subjects)


21.1


11.0


5


52


Changes in the extent of venous thrombus were also measured for the 5 thromboembolic episodes. Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) prevented an increase in the extent of thrombus during 4 (80%) of the thromboembolic episodes by Day 3 of treatment, and 1 (20%) episode by Day 5 of treatment.

All seven of the short-term prophylaxis treatments with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) were free of complications of PF or thromboembolic events, as shown in Table 7.


Reason for

Treatment


Number of Treatments


Presentation of Purpura Fulminans During Treatment Episodes


Thromboembolic Complications During Treatment Episode


Number of Treatments Free of Complications


N


%


N


%


N


%


Anticoagulation Therapy


3


0


0.0


0


0.0


3


100.0


Surgical Procedure


4


0


0.0


0


0.0


4


100.0


Total


7


0


0.0


0


0.0


7


100.0


No episodes of PF occurred in four subjects ranging from 42 to 338 days of long-term prophylactic treatment with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate), as shown in Table 8. When not on prophylactic treatment and receiving Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) on-demand, the same four subjects experienced a total of 13 (median of 3) episodes of PF over a range of 19 to 323 days. The time to first episode of PF after exiting from long-term prophylaxis treatment ranged from 12 to 32 days for these four subjects.


Summary Statistic


Long-Term Prophylactic Treatment


While On-Demand Total number of episodes while subjects were On-Demand was 13


Time to First Episode After Existing Long Term Prophylaxis


Number of Episodes per Subject


Number of Days Receiving Prophylactic Treatment


Monthly Rate of Episodes


Number of Episodes per Subject


Number of Days Not Receiving Study Drug


Monthly Rate of Episodes


Mean


0


229


0.0


3.3


165


1.91


23.3


Median


0


268


0.0


3.0


159


0.49


24.5


Minimum


0


42


0.0


1.0


19


0.25


12.0


Maximum


0


338


0.0


6.0


323


6.40


32.0

14.2 Retrospective Analysis

A retrospective study to capture dosing information and treatment outcome data in subjects with severe congenital Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C deficiency who were treated with Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) under an emergency use IND was also conducted. Eleven subjects (6 male and 5 female), ages ranging from 2.1 to 23.8 years participated in this study.

There were 28 acute episodes of PF/WISN and vascular thrombus reported in which time to resolution ranged from 0 to 46 days. The treatment outcome for these episodes was rated effective in all cases except one.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is supplied as a sterile, white or cream colored, lyophilized powder for IV injection. It has a pH between 6.7 and 7.3 and an osmolality not lower than 240 mosmol/kg. One International Unit (IU) of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C corresponds to the amidolytically measured activity of Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C in 1 mL of normal plasma. The potency (IU) is determined using a chromogenic substrate method referenced against the World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (86/622).

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) is available in single-dose vials that contain the following nominal product strengths:

NDC 0944-4177-05

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C

Concentrate (Human)

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate)

Single-dose Vial

Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Injection

Rx Only

Sterile – No preservative

Baxalta US Inc.

Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA

U.S. License No. 2020

NDC 0944-4176-01

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C Concentrate

(Human)

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate)

Single-dose Vial

Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Injection.

For Intravenous Administration Only.

See package insert. Rx only.

Baxalta US Inc.

Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA

U.S. Lic. No. 2020

5 mL

NDC 52919-003-08

Sterile Water for Injection, USP

for reconstitution of accompanying product

Do not use unless clear. No antimicrobial agent or other substance has been

added. Do not use for intravascular injection without making approximately

isotonic by addition of suitable solute. Discard unused portion. Rx Only

Single dose container

Nonpyrogenic

NDC 0944-4179-10

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C

Concentrate (Human)

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate)

Single-dose Vial

Lyophilized Powder for Solution for Injection

Rx Only

Sterile – No preservative

Baxalta US Inc.

Westlake Village, CA 91362 USA

U.S. License No. 2020

NDC 0944-4178-02

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate) C Concentrate (Human)

Zest Syrup (Protein Hydrolysate)

Single-dose Vial

Lyophilized Powder for Solution for

Injection.

For Intravenous Administration Only.

See package insert. Rx only.



10 mL

NDC 52919-005-05

Sterile Water for Injection, USP

for reconstitution of accompanying product

Do not use unless clear. No antimicrobial agent or other substance has been

added. Do not use for intravascular injection without making approximately

isotonic by addition of suitable solute. Discard unused portion. Rx Only

Single dose container

Nonpyrogenic

unit-carton-blue unit-carton-green

Vitamin B12:


Pharmacological action

Zest Syrup refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins. It has high biological activity. Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (promotes maturation of erythrocytes). Involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, synthesis of methionine, nucleic acids, choline, creatine. Contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups. Has a beneficial effect on liver function and the nervous system. Activates the coagulation of blood in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolized in the tissues, becoming a co-enzyme form - adenosylcobalamin which is the active form of cyanocobalamin. Excreted in bile and urine.

Why is Zest Syrup prescribed?

Anemia due to B12-deficiency conditions; in the complex therapy for iron and posthemorrhagic anemia; aplastic anemia caused by toxic substances and drugs; liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis); funicular myelosis; polyneuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; children cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, peripheral nerve injury; skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, herpetiformis dermatitis, neurodermatitis); to prevent and treat symptoms of deficiency of Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) (including the application of biguanide, PASA, vitamin C in high doses); radiation sickness.

Dosage and administration

Zest Syrup is used as injections SC, IV, IM, intralumbar, and also oral. With anemia associated with Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) deficiency is introduced on 100-200 mcg in 2 days. In anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and megalocytic anemia with diseases of the nervous system - 400-500 micrograms in the first 7 days daily, then 1 time every 5-7 days. In the period of remission in the absence of events funicular myelosis maintenance dose - 100 mcg 2 times a month, in the presence of neurological symptoms - at 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. In acute post-hemorrhagic anemia and iron anemia by 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week. When aplastic anemia (especially in children) - 100 micrograms before clinical improvement. When nutritional anemia in infants and preterm - 30 mcg / day during 15 days.

In diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and neurological diseases with a pain syndrome is administered in increasing doses - 200-500 mcg, with the improvement in the state - 100 mcg / day. The course of treatment with Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) is 2 weeks. In traumatic lesions of peripheral nervous system - at 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

When hepatitis and cirrhosis - 30-60 mcg / day or 100 mg every other day for 25-40 days.

Dystrophy in young children, Down syndrome and cerebral palsy - by 15-30 mcg every other day.

When funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be introduced into the spinal canal at 15-30 mcg, gradually increasing the dose of 200-250 micrograms.

In radiation sickness, diabetic neuropathy, sprue - by 60-100 mcg daily for 20-30 days.

When deficiency of Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) to prevent - IV or IM for 1 mg 1 time a month; for treatment - IV or IM for 1 mg daily for 1-2 weeks, the maintenance dose is 1-2 mg IV or IM from 1 per week, up to 1 per month. Duration of treatment is determined individually.

Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS: rarely - a state of arousal.

Cardiovascular system: rarely - pain in the heart, tachycardia.

Allergic reactions: rarely - urticaria.

Zest Syrup contraindications

Thromboembolism, erythremia, erythrocytosis, increased sensitivity to cyanocobalamin.

Zest Syrup using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Cyanocobalamin can be used in pregnancy according to prescriptions.

Special instructions

When stenocardia should be used with caution in a single dose of Zest Syrup 100 mcg. During treatment should regularly monitor the blood picture and coagulation. It is unacceptable to enter in the same syringe with cyanocobalamin solutions of thiamine and pyridoxine.

Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) drug interactions

In an application of Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) with hormonal contraceptives for oral administration may decrease the concentration of cyanocobalamin in plasma.

In an application with anticonvulsant drugs decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

In an Zest Syrup (Vitamin B12) application with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, colchicine, cimetidine, ranitidine, drugs potassium decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

Cyanocobalamin may exacerbate allergic reactions caused by thiamine.

When parenteral application of chloramphenicol may decrease the hematopoietic effects of cyanocobalamin with anemia.

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion contributes to the destruction of ascorbic acid, thiamine bromide, riboflavin in one solution.

Zinc Sulfate:


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN. Administration helps to maintain Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores, and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (2) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Severe kidney disease may make it necessary to reduce or omit chromium and Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the urine.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless the solution is clear and the seal is intact.

Zinc 1 mg/mL should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Zinc should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the likelihood of infusion phlebitis and the potential for increased excretory loss of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) from a bolus injection. Administration of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) in the absence of copper may cause a decrease in serum copper levels.

Laboratory Tests

Periodic determinations of serum copper as well as Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) are suggested as a guideline for subsequent Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Zest Syrup 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Zest Syrup chloride. It is also not known whether Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Single intravenous doses of 1 to 2 mg zinc/kg body weight have been given to adult leukemic patients without toxic manifestations. However, acute toxicity was reported in an adult when 10 mg Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) was infused over a period of one hour on each of four consecutive days. Profuse sweating, decreased level of consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia (140/min), and marked hypothermia (94.2° F) on the fourth day were accompanied by a serum Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) concentration of 207 mcg/dl. Symptoms abated within three hours.

Hyperamylasemia may be a sign of impending Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) overdosage; patients receiving an inadvertent overdose (25 mg zinc/liter of TPN solution, equivalent to 50 to 70 mg zinc/day) developed hyperamylasemia (557 to 1850 Klein units; normal: 130 to 310).

Death resulted from an overdosage in which 1683 mg Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) was delivered intravenously over the course of 60 hours to a 72 year old patient.

Symptoms of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) toxicity included hypotension (80/40 mm Hg), pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and oliguria, with a serum Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) level of 4184 mcg/dl.

Calcium supplements may confer a protective effect against Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) toxicity.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) contains 1 mg zinc/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be diluted prior to administration in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the metabolically stable adult receiving TPN, the suggested intravenous dosage is 2.5 to 4 mg zinc/day (2.5 to 4 mL/day). An additional 2 mg zinc/day (2 mL/day) is suggested for acute catabolic states. For the stable adult with fluid loss from the small bowel, an additional 12.2 mg zinc/liter of small bowel fluid lost (12.2 mL/liter of small bowel fluid lost), or an additional 17.1 mg zinc/kg of stool or ileostomy output (17.1 mL/kg of stool or ileostomy output) is recommended. Frequent monitoring of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) blood levels is suggested for patients receiving more than the usual maintenance dosage level of Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate).

For full term infants and children up to 5 years of age, 100 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended. For premature infants (birth weight less than 1500 g) up to 3 kg in body weight, 300 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.3 mL/kg/day) is suggested.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (List No. 4090).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Revised: October, 2004


© Hospira 2004 EN-0488 Printed in USA

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

10 mL Vial

Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate)

1 mg/mL

Zest Syrup (Zinc Sulfate) Chloride Inj., USP

Rx only

FOR I.V. USE ONLY AFTER DILUTION.

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

Zest Syrup pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Zest Syrup available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Zest Syrup destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Zest Syrup Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Zest Syrup pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."ZINC SULFATE TABLET [NATIONWIDE LABORATORIES, LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."ZINC SULFATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."COPPER: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Zest Syrup?

Depending on the reaction of the Zest Syrup after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Zest Syrup not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Zest Syrup addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Zest Syrup, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Zest Syrup consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

One visitor reported useful

How is the drug Zest Syrup useful in reducing or relieving the symptoms? How useful is it?
According to the survey conducted by the website sdrugs.com, there are variable results and below are the percentages of the users that say the medicine is useful to them and that say it is not helping them much. It is not ideal to continue taking the medication if you feel it is not helping you much. Contact your healthcare provider to check if there is a need to change the medicine or if there is a need to re-evaluate your condition. The usefulness of the medicine may vary from patient to patient, depending on the other diseases he is suffering from and slightly depends on the brand name.
Visitors%
Useful1
100.0%

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported price estimates

No survey data has been collected yet

Six visitors reported frequency of use

How often in a day do you take the medicine?
Are you taking the Zest Syrup drug as prescribed by the doctor?

Few medications can be taken Twice in a day more than prescribed when the doctor's advice mentions the medicine can be taken according to frequency or severity of symptoms. Most times, be very careful and clear about the number of times you are taking the medication. The report of sdrugs.com website users about the frequency of taking the drug Zest Syrup is mentioned below.
Visitors%
Twice in a day3
50.0%
Once in a day3
50.0%

Four visitors reported doses

What is the dose of Zest Syrup drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 1-5mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
1-5mg4
100.0%

Two visitors reported time for results

What is the time duration Zest Syrup drug must be taken for it to be effective or for it to reduce the symptoms?
Most chronic conditions need at least some time so the dose and the drug action gets adjusted to the body to get the desired effect. The stastistics say sdrugs.com website users needed 3 month to notice the result from using Zest Syrup drug. The time needed to show improvement in health condition after using the medicine Zest Syrup need not be same for all the users. It varies based on other factors.
Visitors%
3 month1
50.0%
1 month1
50.0%

Three visitors reported administration

The drugs are administered in various routes, like oral or injection form. They are administered before food or after food. How are you taking Zest Syrup drug, before food or after food?
Click here to find out how other users of our website are taking it. For any doubts or queries on how and when the medicine is administered, contact your health care provider immediately.
Visitors%
After food2
66.7%
Before food1
33.3%

Sixteen visitors reported age

Visitors%
16-296
37.5%
1-54
25.0%
6-152
12.5%
30-452
12.5%
< 11
6.2%
> 601
6.2%

Visitor reviews


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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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