Vitrum Prenatal Forte

Calcium (Calcium Carbonate):

• Indications and usage
• Dosage and administration
• Dosage forms and strengths
• Contraindications
• Warnings and precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug interactions
• Use in specific populations
• Overdosage
• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Nonclinical toxicology
• Clinical studies
• How supplied/storage and handling
• Patient counseling information
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) reviews

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).

- Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The recommended initial dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate for the adult dialysis patient is 2 capsules with each meal. Increase the dose gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal.

- Starting dose is 2 capsules with each meal. (2)

- Titrate the dose every 2 to 3 weeks until acceptable serum phosphorus level is reached. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal. (2)

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Capsule: 667 mg Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsule.

- Capsule: 667 mg Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsule. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Patients with hypercalcemia.

- Hypercalcemia. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

- Treat mild hypercalcemia by reducing or interrupting Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) acetate and Vitamin D. Severe hypercalcemia may require hemodialysis and discontinuation of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. (5.1)

- Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity. (5.2)

5.1 Hypercalcemia

Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia when treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)), including Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Avoid the use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) supplements, including Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) based nonprescription antacids, concurrently with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.

An overdose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate may lead to progressive hypercalcemia, which may require emergency measures. Therefore, early in the treatment phase during the dosage adjustment period, monitor serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels twice weekly. Should hypercalcemia develop, reduce the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate dosage, or discontinue the treatment, depending on the severity of hypercalcemia

More severe hypercalcemia (Ca >12 mg/dL) is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor and coma. Severe hypercalcemia can be treated by acute hemodialysis and discontinuing Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate therapy.

Mild hypercalcemia (10.5 to 11.9 mg/dL) may be asymptomatic or manifest as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Mild hypercalcemia is usually controlled by reducing the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate dose or temporarily discontinuing therapy. Decreasing or discontinuing Vitamin D therapy is recommended as well.

Chronic hypercalcemia may lead to vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. Radiographic evaluation of suspected anatomical regions may be helpful in early detection of soft tissue calcification. The long term effect of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate on the progression of vascular or soft tissue calcification has not been determined.

Hypercalcemia (>11 mg/dL) was reported in 16% of patients in a 3 month study of solid dose formulation of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate; all cases resolved upon lowering the dose or discontinuing treatment.

Maintain the serum calcium-phosphorus (Ca x P) product below 55 mg²/dL².

5.2 Concomitant Use with Medications

Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Hypercalcemia is discussed elsewhere [see Warnings and Precautions ].

- The most common (>10%) adverse reactions are hypercalcemia, nausea and vomiting. (6.1)

- In clinical studies, patients have occasionally experienced nausea during Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate therapy. (6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

6.1 Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In clinical studies, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate has been generally well tolerated.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate was studied in a 3 month, open-label, non-randomized study of 98 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients and an alternate liquid formulation of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate was studied in a two week double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with 69 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients. Adverse reactions (>2% on treatment) from these trials are presented in Table 1.

Mild hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic or manifest itself as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor, and coma. Decreasing dialysate Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) concentration could reduce the incidence and severity of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate-induced hypercalcemia. Isolated cases pruritus have been reported, which may represent allergic reactions.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate: dizziness, edema, and weakness.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

The drug interaction of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) acetate is characterized by the potential of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) to bind to drugs with anionic functions (e.g., carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups). Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones via this mechanism.

There are no empirical data on avoiding drug interactions between Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate and most concomitant drugs. When administering an oral medication with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, administer the drug one hour before or three hours after Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Monitor blood levels of the concomitant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Patients taking anti-arrhythmic medications for the control of arrhythmias and anti-seizure medications for the control of seizure disorders were excluded from the clinical trials with all forms of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.

- Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. (7)

- When clinically significant drug interactions are expected, administer the drug at least one hour before or at least three hours after Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate or consider monitoring blood levels of the drug. (7)

7.1 Ciprofloxacin

In a study of 15 healthy subjects, a co-administered single dose of 4 Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate tablets, approximately 2.7g, decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50%.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C:

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) acetate capsules contains Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate, and there are no adequate and well controlled studies of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate use in pregnant women. Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 ) ]. Maintenance of normal serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels is important for maternal and fetal well being. Hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal complications such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, and neonatal hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate treatment, as recommended, is not expected to harm a fetus if maternal Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are properly monitored during and following treatment.

8.2 Labor and Delivery

The effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate on labor and delivery are unknown.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) Acetate Capsules contains Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate and is excreted in human milk. Human milk feeding by a mother receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is not expected to harm an infant, provided maternal serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are appropriately monitored.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

Administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in excess of the appropriate daily dosage may result in hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

11 DESCRIPTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate acts as a phosphate binder. Its chemical name is Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Its molecular formula is C₄H₆CaO₄, and its molecular weight is 158.17. Its structural formula is:

Each white opaque/blue opaque capsule contains 667 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH₃COO)₂; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)), polyethylene glycol 8000 and magnesium stearate. Each capsule shell contains: black monogramming ink, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #3, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The black monogramming ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) Acetate Capsules are administered orally for the control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal failure.

Chemical Structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Patients with ESRD retain phosphorus and can develop hyperphosphatemia. High serum phosphorus can precipitate serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) resulting in ectopic calcification. Hyperphosphatemia also plays a role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with ESRD.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form an insoluble Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) phosphate complex, which is excreted in the feces, resulting in decreased serum phosphorus concentration.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Orally administered Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate from pharmaceutical dosage forms is systemically absorbed up to approximately 40% under fasting conditions and up to approximately 30% under nonfasting conditions. This range represents data from both healthy subjects and renal dialysis patients under various conditions.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility studies have been conducted with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Effectiveness of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in decreasing serum phosphorus has been demonstrated in two studies of the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate solid oral dosage form.

Ninety-one patients with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis and were hyperphosphatemic (serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dL) following a 1 week phosphate binder washout period contributed efficacy data to an open-label, non-randomized study.

The patients received Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate 667 mg tablets at each meal for a period of 12 weeks. The initial starting dose was 2 tablets per meal for 3 meals a day, and the dose was adjusted as necessary to control serum phosphorus levels. The average final dose after 12 weeks of treatment was 3.4 tablets per meal. Although there was a decrease in serum phosphorus, in the absence of a control group the true magnitude of effect is uncertain.

The data presented in Table 2 demonstrate the efficacy of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients. The effects on serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are also presented.

There was a 30% decrease in serum phosphorus levels during the 12 week study period (p<0.01). Two-thirds of the decline occurred in the first month of the study. Serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) increased 9% during the study mostly in the first month of the study.

Treatment with the phosphate binder was discontinued for patients from the open-label study, and those patients whose serum phosphorus exceeded 5.5 mg/dL were eligible for entry into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Patients were randomized to receive Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate or placebo, and each continued to receive the same number of tablets as had been individually established during the previous study. Following 2 weeks of treatment, patients switched to the alternative therapy for an additional 2 weeks.

The phosphate binding effect of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is shown in the Table 3.

Overall, 2 weeks of treatment with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate statistically significantly (p<0.01) decreased serum phosphorus by a mean of 19% and increased serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) by a statistically significant (p<0.01) but clinically unimportant mean of 7%.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) Acetate Capsules

667 mg capsule is supplied as a white opaque/blue opaque capsule, imprinted with “54 215” on the cap and body.

NDC 0615-2303-39: Blistercards of 30 Capsules

NDC 0615-2303-30: Unit-dose Boxes of 30 Capsules

STORAGE

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Inform patients to take Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsules with meals, adhere to their prescribed diets, and avoid the use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) supplements including nonprescription antacids. Inform the patients about the symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].

Advise patients who are taking an oral medication where reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy to take the drug one hour before or three hours after Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsules.

Distr. by: West-Ward

Pharmaceuticals Corp.

Eatontown, NJ 07724

10003705/05

Revised April 2016

Copper (Copper Oxide):

• Indications:
• General directions:
• Active ingredient:
• Inactive ingredients:
• Caution:
• Storage:
• Net contents:
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide)) reviews

Water-Resistant Protection Without Bandaging

Recommended as an Aid in Treating Horses and Ponies With Thrush Due to Organisms Susceptible to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide)) Naphthenate.

For Animal Use Only.

INDICATIONS:

ThrushTox® is indicated in the treatment of thrush in horses and ponies.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS:

Clean the hoof thoroughly, removing debris and necrotic material prior to application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide))^®. Apply daily to affected hoofs with a narrow paint brush (about 1”) until fully healed. Caution: Do not allow runoff of excess Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide))^® onto hair since contact with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide))^® may cause some hair loss. Do not contaminate feed.

NOTE: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide))^® is easily removed from hands, clothing and surfaces with light grade fuel oil or any type of lighter fluid.

CONTAINS FOIL SEAL – REMOVE BEFORE USE.

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

To report suspected adverse reactions or to obtain technical assistance, call 1-800-650-4899.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Copper (Copper Oxide)) Naphthenate...37.5% w/w

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS:

Inert Ingredients...62.5% w/w

Total... 100.0%

CAUTION:

Do not use in horses intended for human consumption.

CAUTION: COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE.

Use in a well-ventilated place. Avoid fire, flame, sparks or heaters.

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call physician immediately. Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS.

STORAGE:

Store at controlled room temperature 15º to 30ºC (59º to 86ºF). Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Manufactured for:

Aspen Veterinary Resources,^® Ltd.

Liberty, MO 64068, USA

FC163FP 11/13

Manufactured by:

First Priority, Inc.

Elgin, IL 60123-1146, USA

NET CONTENTS:

16 OZ (473 mL)

ANADA 200-304, Approved by FDA

Image of 473 mL bottle/case label

Folic Acid:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Storage
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid)^® is a prescription iron supplement indicated for use in improving the nutritional status of iron deficiency.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis are contraindications to iron therapy.

PRECAUTIONS

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid) acid when administered as a single agent in doses above 0.1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematological remission can occur while neurological manifestations remain progressive. While prescribing this nutritional supplement for pregnant women, nursing mothers, or for women prior to conception, their medical condition and other drugs, herbs, and/or supplements consumption should be considered.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid) acid.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

One tablet daily with or without food or as prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider with prescribing authority.

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid)^® tablets are supplied in child-resistant bottles of 90 tablets (NDC 0037-6885-90)

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

STORAGE

Store at controlled room temperature 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). Excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container to protect from light and moisture.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-349-5556 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch

Distributed by:

Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Somerset New Jersey 08873-4120

© 2014 Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

U.S. Patent Nos. 7,585,527 and 8,080,520

Proferrin® is a registered trademark of Colorado BioLabs, Inc., Cozad, NE.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid) and the BIFERA logo are registered trademarks and the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Folic Acid) logo is a trademark of Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC, used under license by Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

MEDA PHARMACEUTICALS mark and logo are trademarks of Meda AB.

IN-6885-02 Rev 6/2014

Iodine (Potassium Iodide):

• Iodine tincture 7%
• Iodine tincture 7%
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iodine (Potassium Iodide)) reviews

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) Tincture 7%

Directions:

Topical Antiseptic

Use full Strength for superficial cuts, wounds, abrasions, insect bites and bruises on the skin of animals. Apply Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iodine (Potassium Iodide)) with a swab.

If necessary, clip hair around the area being treated and clean with soap and water.

Apply Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iodine (Potassium Iodide)) Tincture 7% only once daily. Dilute product 3 to 1 if repeating application.

Do not apply under bandage.

Irritation may occur if used on tender skin areas. If redness, irritation, or swelling persists or increases, discontinue use and consult a veterinarian.

Storage:

Store at 2-30 degrees C (36-86 degrees F).

Keep container away from heat and out of sunlight. Rinse empty container thoroughly and discard.

DANGER - Poison

Caution:

If swallowed, give starch paste, milk, bread, egg white, or

activated charcoal. A 5% solutions of sodium thiosulfate

(Photographic (“hypc”) may be administered orally at a

rate of 10 ml per kilogram of body weight.

Eye irritant: Use only as directed. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, flush eyes immediately with tepid water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a physician.

Avoid contamination of food.

Not for use on burns, deep cuts, or body cavities.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) Tincture 7%

image description

Iron (Ferrous Fumarate):

• Indications and usage
• Dosage and administration
• Dosage forms and strengths
• Contraindications
• Warnings and precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug interactions
• Use in specific populations
• Overdosage
• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Nonclinical toxicology
• Clinical studies
• How supplied/storage and handling
• Patient counseling information
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) reviews

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is indicated for the treatment of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is an Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is expressed in mg of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)).

2.1 Adult Patients with Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD)

Administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is 1000 mg. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.2 Adult Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.3 Adult Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.4 Pediatric Patients with HDD-CKD for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.

For Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

2.5 Pediatric Patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD who are on erythropoietin therapy for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.

For Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

• 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)
• 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)
• 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)

• 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
• 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
• 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Known hypersensitivity to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))

• Known hypersensitivity to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Observe for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. (5.1)
• Hypotension: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may cause hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during and following each administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). (5.2)
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Overload: Regularly monitor hematologic responses during Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) therapy. Do not administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload. (5.3)

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .

5.2 Hypotension

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Hypotension following administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .

5.3 Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Overload

Excessive therapy with parenteral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) can lead to excess storage of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with evidence of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose; do not perform serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions associated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) are described in other sections .

• The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) following the administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hypotension, pruritus, pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramp, injection site reactions, chest pain, and peripheral edema. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults Patients with CKD

Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD

The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.

One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) product). When these patients were treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) .

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 2.0 mg/kg.

A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).

6.2 Adverse Reactions from Post-Marketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.

Symptoms associated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.

Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug interactions involving Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) have not been studied. However, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) preparations.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B

Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.

In a country where Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) or any other drugs could be established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

No data are available regarding overdosage of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may lead to accumulation of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload.

Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.

11 DESCRIPTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:

[Na₂Fe₅O₈(OH) ·3(H₂O)]_n ·m(C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)

where: n is the degree of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide.

Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) as Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose in water for injection. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is dissociated into Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose and the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following intravenous administration, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is dissociated into Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ), its Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) containing 100 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) labeled with ⁵²Fe/⁵⁹Fe in patients with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) trapping compartment.

Following intravenous administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is dissociated into Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) have not been studied.

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

In a single-dose PK study of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), the half-life of total serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ).

14.1 Study A: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD–CKD)

Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), who were off intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.

Patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.

Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).

14.2 Study B: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 23 patients with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.

All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.

14.3 Study C: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.

The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.

14.4 Study D: Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) versus Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) group.

A statistically significantly greater proportion of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).

14.5 Study E: Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) or Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.

Patients in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).

14.6 Study F: Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) Maintenance Treatment Dosing in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 years and Older with Chronic Kidney Disease

Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/storage and handling

16.1 How Supplied

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL).

16.2 Stability and Storage

Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.

Syringe Stability: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).

Intravenous Admixture Stability: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).

Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.

Do not mix Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Prior to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration:

• Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) products
• Advise patients of the risks associated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))
• Advise patients to report any symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and following Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration, such as rash, itching, dizziness, light-headedness, swelling, and breathing problems [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.

PremierProRx^® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.

PREMIERProRx^®

IN2340

MG #15727

Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide):

• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• References
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) reviews

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate

Injection, USP

Ansyr Plastic Syringe

Rx only

Hospira Logo

DESCRIPTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate heptahydrate in Water for Injection, USP administered by the intravenous or intramuscular routes as an electrolyte replenisher or anticonvulsant. Must be diluted before intravenous use. May contain sulfuric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The pH is 5.5 to 7.0. The 50% concentration has an osmolarity of 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except for pH adjustment) and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded with the entire unit.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate, USP heptahydrate is chemically designated MgSO₄ - 7H₂O with molecular weight of 246.48 and occurs as colorless crystals or white powder freely soluble in water.

The plastic syringe is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates from inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the syringe material.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (Mg⁺⁺) is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability.

As a nutritional adjunct in hyperalimentation, the precise mechanism of action for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is uncertain. Early symptoms of hypomagnesemia (less than 1.5 mEq/liter) may develop as early as three to four days or within weeks.

Predominant deficiency effects are neurological, e.g., muscle irritability, clonic twitching and tremors. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia often follow low serum levels of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). While there are large stores of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) present intracellularly and in the bones of adults, these stores often are not mobilized sufficiently to maintain plasma levels. Parenteral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) therapy repairs the plasma deficit and causes deficiency symptoms and signs to cease.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS), but it does not adversely affect the woman, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels range from 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter.

As plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the plasma level approaches 10 mEq/liter. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Heart block also may occur at this or lower plasma levels of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). Serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) concentrations in excess of 12 mEq/L may be fatal.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) acts peripherally to produce vasodilation. With low doses only flushing and sweating occur, but larger doses cause lowering of blood pressure. The central and peripheral effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) poisoning are antagonized to some extent by intravenous administration of calcium.

Pharmacokinetics

With intravenous administration the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. Following intramuscular administration the onset of action occurs in about one hour and persists for three to four hours. Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq/liter. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is excreted solely by the kidneys at a rate proportional to the plasma concentration and glomerular filtration.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is suitable for replacement therapy in Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia. In such cases, the serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (Mg⁺⁺) level is usually below the lower limit of normal (1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter) and the serum calcium (Ca⁺⁺) level is normal (4.3 to 5.3 mEq/liter) or elevated.

In total parenteral nutrition (TPN), Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate may be added to the nutrient admixture to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia which can arise during the course of therapy.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is also indicated for the prevention and control of seizures (convulsions) in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Parenteral administration of the drug is contraindicated in patients with heart block or myocardial damage.

WARNINGS

FETAL HARM: Continuous administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women can lead to hypocalcemia and bone abnormalities in the developing fetus. These bone abnormalities include skeletal demineralization and osteopenia. In addition, cases of neonatal fracture have been reported. The shortest duration of treatment that can lead to fetal harm is not known. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is given for treatment of preterm labor, the woman should be informed that the efficacy and safety of such use have not been established and that use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days may cause fetal abnormalities.

ALUMINUM TOXICITY: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Parenteral use in the presence of renal insufficiency may lead to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. Intravenous use in the eclampsia should be reserved for immediate control of life-threatening convulsions.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Administer with caution if flushing and sweating occurs. When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics) are to be given in conjunction with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)).

Because Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is removed from the body solely by the kidneys, the drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Urine output should be maintained at a level of 100 mL or more during the four hours preceding each dose. Monitoring serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels and the patient's clinical status is essential to avoid the consequences of overdosage in toxemia. Clinical indications of a safe dosage regimen include the presence of the patellar reflex (knee jerk) and absence of respiratory depression (approximately 16 breaths or more/minute). When repeated doses of the drug are given parenterally, knee jerk reflexes should be tested before each dose and if they are absent, no additional Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be given until they return. Serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels usually sufficient to control convulsions range from 3 to 6 mg/100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq/liter). The strength of the deep tendon reflexes begins to diminish when Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels exceed 4 mEq/liter. Reflexes may be absent at 10 mEq magnesium/liter, where respiratory paralysis is a potential hazard. An injectable calcium salt should be immediately available to counteract the potential hazards of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication in eclampsia.

50% Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to intravenous infusion. Rate of administration should be slow and cautious, to avoid producing hypermagnesemia. The 50% solution also should be diluted to 20% or less for intramuscular injection in infants and children.

Laboratory Tests

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate injection should not be given unless hypomagnesemia has been confirmed and the serum concentration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is monitored. The normal serum level is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L.

Drug Interactions

CNS Depressants - When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics), or other CNS depressants are to be given in conjunction with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). CNS depression and peripheral transmission defects produced by Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) may be antagonized by calcium.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents - Excessive neuromuscular block has occurred in patients receiving parenteral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate and a neuromuscular blocking agent; these drugs should be administered concomitantly with caution.

Cardiac Glycosides - Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate should be administered with extreme caution in digitalized patients, because serious changes in cardiac conduction which can result in heart block may occur if administration of calcium is required to treat Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category D (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS )

See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate can cause fetal abnormalities when administered beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women. There are retrospective epidemiological studies and case reports documenting fetal abnormalities such as hypocalcemia, skeletal demineralization, osteopenia and other skeletal abnormalities with continuous maternal administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate for more than 5 to 7 days.^1-10 Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate injection should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If this drug is used during pregnancy, the woman should be apprised of the potential harm to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic Effects

When administered by continuous intravenous infusion (especially for more than 24 hours preceding delivery) to control convulsions in a toxemic woman, the newborn may show signs of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity, including neuromuscular or respiratory depression (See OVERDOSAGE ).

Labor and Delivery

Continuous administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is an unapproved treatment for preterm labor. The safety and efficacy of such use have not been established. The administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate outside of its approved indication in pregnant women should be by trained obstetrical personnel in a hospital setting with appropriate obstetrical care facilities.

Nursing Mothers

Since Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is distributed into milk during parenteral Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate administration, the drug should be used with caution in nursing women.

Geriatrics

Geriatric patients often require reduced dosage because of impaired renal function. In patients with severe impairment, dosage should not exceed 20 grams in 48 hours. Serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be monitored in such patients.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The adverse effects of parenterally administered Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) usually are the result of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. These include flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and central nervous system depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis. Hypocalcemia with signs of tetany secondary to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate therapy for eclampsia has been reported.

OVERDOSAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication is manifested by a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. In the event of overdosage, artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected intravenously to antagonize the effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)).

For Treatment of Overdose

Artificial respiration is often required. Intravenous calcium, 10 to 20 mL of a 5% solution (diluted if desirable with isotonic sodium chloride for injection) is used to counteract effects of hypermagnesemia. Subcutaneous physostigmine, 0.5 to 1 mg may be helpful.

Hypermagnesemia in the newborn may require resuscitation and assisted ventilation via endotracheal intubation or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as intravenous calcium.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate must be carefully adjusted according to individual requirements and response, and administration of the drug should be discontinued as soon as the desired effect is obtained.

Both intravenous and intramuscular administration are appropriate. Intramuscular administration of the undiluted 50% solution results in therapeutic plasma levels in 60 minutes, whereas intravenous doses will provide a therapeutic level almost immediately. The rate of intravenous injection should generally not exceed 150 mg/minute (1.5 mL of a 10% concentration or its equivalent), except in severe eclampsia with seizures. Continuous maternal administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Solutions for intravenous infusion must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to administration. The diluents commonly used are 5% Dextrose Injection, USP and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Deep intramuscular injection of the undiluted (50%) solution is appropriate for adults, but the solution should be diluted to a 20% or less concentration prior to such injection in children.

In Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Deficiency

In the treatment of mild Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) deficiency, the usual adult dose is 1 gram, equivalent to 8.12 mEq of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (2 mL of the 50% solution) injected intramuscularly every six hours for four doses (equivalent to a total of 32.5 mEq of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) per 24 hours). For severe hypomagnesemia, as much as 250 mg (approximately 2 mEq) per kg of body weight (0.5 mL of the 50% solution) may be given intramuscularly within a period of four hours if necessary. Alternatively, 5 grams, (approximately 40 mEq) can be added to one liter of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP for slow intravenous infusion over a three-hour period. In the treatment of deficiency states, caution must be observed to prevent exceeding the renal excretory capacity.

In Hyperalimentation

In total parenteral nutrition, maintenance requirements for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) are not precisely known. The maintenance dose used in adults ranges from 8 to 24 mEq (1 gram to 3 grams) daily; for infants, the range is 2 to 10 mEq (0.25 gram to 1.25 grams) daily.

In Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia

In severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the total initial dose is 10 grams to 14 grams of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate. Intravenously, a dose of 4 grams to 5 grams in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP may be infused. Simultaneously, intramuscular doses of up to 10 grams (5 grams or 10 mL of the undiluted 50% solution in each buttock) are given. Alternatively, the initial intravenous dose of 4 grams may be given by diluting the 50% solution to a 10 or 20% concentration; the diluted fluid (40 mL of a 10% solution or 20 mL of a 20% solution) may then be injected intravenously over a period of three to four minutes. Subsequently, 4 grams to 5 grams (8 to 10 mL of the 50% solution) are injected intramuscularly into alternate buttocks every four hours as needed, depending on the continuing presence of the patellar reflex and adequate respiratory function. Alternatively, after the initial intravenous dose, some clinicians administer 1 gram to 2 grams/hour by constant intravenous infusion. Therapy should continue until paroxysms cease. A serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) level of 6 mg/100 mL is considered optimal for control of seizures. A total daily (24 hr) dose of 30 grams to 40 grams should not be exceeded. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, the maximum dosage of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is 20 grams/48 hours and frequent serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) concentrations must be obtained. Continuous use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Other Uses

In counteracting the muscle-stimulating effects of barium poisoning, the usual dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is 1 gram to 2 grams given intravenously.

For controlling seizures associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis or hypothyroidism, the usual adult dose is 1 gram administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

In paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be used only if simpler measures have failed and there is no evidence of myocardial damage. The usual dose is 3 grams to 4 grams (30 to 40 mL of a 10% solution) administered intravenously over 30 seconds with extreme caution.

For reduction of cerebral edema, 2.5 grams (25 mL of a 10% solution) is given intravenously.

Incompatibilities

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in solution may result in a precipitate formation when mixed with solutions containing:

Alcohol (in high Heavy Metals

concentrations) Hydrocortisone sodium

Alkali carbonates and succinate

bicarbonates Phosphates

Alkali hydroxides Polymixin B sulfate

Arsenates Procaine hydrochloride

Barium Salicylates

Calcium Strontium

Clindamycin phosphate Tartrates

The potential incompatibility will often be influenced by the changes in the concentration of reactants and the pH of the solutions.

It has been reported that Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) may reduce the antibiotic activity of streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin when given together.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose containers as follows:

Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

REFERENCES

• Yokoyama K, Takahashi N, Yada Y. Prolonged maternal Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) administration and bone metabolism in neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(3):187-91. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
• Wedig KE, Kogan J, Schorry EK et al. Skeletal demineralization and fractures caused by fetal Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity. J. Perinatol. 2006; 26(6):371-4.
• Nassar AH, Sakhel K, Maarouf H, et al. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of prolonged course of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate tocolysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2006;85(9):1099-103.
• Malaeb SN, Rassi A, Haddad MC. Bone mineralization in newborns whose mothers received Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulphate for tocolysis of premature labor. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34(5):384-6. Epub 2004 Feb 18.
• Matsuda Y, Maeda Y, Ito M, et al. Effect of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on neonatal bone abnormalities. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;44(2):82-8.
• Schanler RJ, Smith LG, Burns PA. Effects of long-term maternal intravenous Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate therapy on neonatal calcium metabolism and bone mineral content. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;43(4):236-41.
• Santi MD, Henry GW, Douglas GL. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment of preterm labor as a cause of abnormal neonatal bone mineralization. J Pediatr Orthrop. 1994;14(2):249-53.
• Holcomb WL, Shackelford GD, Petrie RH. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) tocolysis and neonatal bone abnormalities; a controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 78(4):611-4.
• Cumming WA, Thomas VJ. Hypermagnesemia: a cause of abnormal metaphyses in the neonate. Am J Roentgenol. 1989; 152(5):1071-2.
• Lamm CL, Norton KL, Murphy RJ. Congenital rickets associated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate infusion for tocolysis. J Pediatr. 1988; 113(6):1078-82.
• McGuinness GA, Weinstein MM, Cruikshank DP, et al. Effects of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on perinatal calcium metabolism. II. Neonatal responses. Obstet Gynecol. 1980; 56(5): 595-600.
• Riaz M, Porat R, Brodsky NL, et al. The effects of maternal Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on newborns: a prospective controlled study. J. Perinatol. 1998;18(6 pt 1):449-54.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

LAB-1024-1.0

April 2017

Hospira Logo

50% Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate 5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL)

Rx only

NDC 0409-1754-10

10 mL Single-dose syringe

50% Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP

5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL) (4 mEq Mg++/mL)

MUST BE DILUTED FOR INTRAVENOUS USE.

For Intravenous or Intramuscular Use. Sterile. 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

Contains no more than 75 mcg/L of aluminum.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

Hospira

RL-6891

Manganese (Manganese Sulfate):

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug abuse and dependence
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Rl-0104
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Administration helps to maintain Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (pH 2.0) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Liver and/or biliary tract dysfunction may require omission or reduction of copper and Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the bile.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless solution is clear and seal is intact.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Laboratory Tests

Serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) levels can be measured periodically at the discretion of the investigator. Because of the low serum concentration normally present, samples will usually be analyzed by a reference laboratory.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) additive is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride. It is also not known whether Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly indicated.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) toxicity in TPN patients has not been reported.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) contains 0.1 mg manganese/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be administered in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the adult receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) is 0.15 to 0.8 mg/day (1.5 to 8 mL/day). For pediatric patients, a dosage of 2 to 10 mcg manganese/kg/day (0.02 to 0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended.

Periodic monitoring of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) plasma levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration.

Parenteral products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS .)

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (NDC No. 0409-4091-01).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F)

Revised: November, 2009

Printed in USA EN-2320

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

RL-0104

Selenium (Sodium Selenate):

• Description
• Clinical pharmacology
• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) reviews

Rx Only

TRACE ELEMENT ADDITIVE FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

DESCRIPTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Each mL contains Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg (equivalent to elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) 40 mcg/mL) and Water for Injection q.s. pH may be adjusted with nitric acid to 1.8 to 2.4.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) is part of glutathione peroxidase which protects cell components from oxidative damage due to peroxides produced in cellular metabolism.

Prolonged TPN support in humans has resulted in Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) deficiency symptoms which include muscle pain and tenderness. The symptoms have been reported to respond to supplementation of TPN solutions with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)).

Pediatric conditions, Keshan disease, and Kwashiorkor, have been associated with low dietary intake of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)). The conditions are endemic to geographical areas with low Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) soil content. Dietary supplementation with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) salts has been reported to reduce the incidence of the conditions among affected children.

Normal blood levels of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) in different human populations have been found to vary and depend on the Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) content of the food consumed. Results of surveys carried out in some countries are tabulated below:

Plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) levels of 0.3 and 0.9 mcg/100 mL have been reported to produce deficiency symptoms in humans.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) is eliminated primarily in urine. However, significant endogenous losses through feces also occur. The rate of excretion and the relative importance of two routes varies with the chemical form of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) used in supplementation. Ancillary routes of elimination are lungs and skin.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) in TPN solutions helps to maintain plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the potential for infusion phlebitis.

WARNINGS

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection can be toxic if given in excessive amounts. Supplementation of TPN solution with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) should be immediately discontinued if toxicity symptoms are observed. Frequent determination of plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) levels during TPN support and close medical supervision is recommended.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection is a hypotonic solution and should be administered in admixtures only.

This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

As Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) is eliminated in urine and feces, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) supplements may be adjusted, reduced or omitted in renal dysfunction and/or gastrointestinal malfunction. In patients receiving blood transfusions, contribution from such transfusions should also be considered. Frequent Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) plasma level determinations are suggested as a guideline.

In animals, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) has been reported to enhance the action of Vitamin E and decrease the toxicity of mercury, cadmium and arsenic.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) at high dose levels (15-30 mcg/egg) has been reported to have adverse embryological effects among chickens. There are however, no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in pregnant women. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection should be used during pregnancy only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Presence of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) in placenta and umbilical cord blood has been reported in humans.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The amount of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) present in Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection is small. Symptoms of toxicity from Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) are unlikely to occur at the recommended dosage level.

OVERDOSAGE

Chronic toxicity in humans resulting from exposure to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) in industrial environments, intake of foods grown in seleniferous soils, use of selenium-contaminated water, and application of cosmetics containing Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) has been reported in literature. Toxicity symptoms include hair loss, weakened nails, dermatitis, dental defects, gastrointestinal disorders, nervousness, mental depression, metallic taste, vomiting, and garlic odor of breath and sweat. Acute poisoning due to ingestion of large amounts of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) compounds has resulted in death with histopathological changes including fulminating peripheral vascular collapse, internal vascular congestion, diffusely hemorrhagic, congested and edematus lungs, brick-red color gastric mucosa. The death was preceded by coma.

No effective antidote to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) poisoning in humans is known. Animal studies have shown casein and linseed oil in feeds, reduced glutathione, arsenic, magnesium sulfate, and bromobenzene to afford limited protection.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection provides 40 mcg selenium/mL. For metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 mcg selenium/day. For pediatric patients, the suggested additive dosage level is 3 mcg/kg/day.

In adults, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) deficiency states resulting from long-term TPN support, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) as selenomethionine or selenious acid, administered intravenously at 100 mcg/day for a period of 24 and 31 days, respectively, has been reported to reverse deficiency symptoms without toxicity.

Aseptic addition of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection to the TPN solution under laminar flow hood is recommended. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) is physically compatible with the electrolytes and other trace elements usually present in amino-acid/dextrose solution used for TPN. Frequent monitoring of plasma Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration. The normal whole blood range for Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) is approximately 10 to 37 mcg/100 mL.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) Injection containing selenious acid 65.4 mcg/mL (equivalent to elemental Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) 40 mcg/mL).

NDC 0517-6510-25 10 mL Single Dose Vial Packaged in boxes of 25

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

IN6510

Rev. 11/15

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Container

NDC 0517-6510-25

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) INJECTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIAL

Trace Element Additive

FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

PRESERVATIVE FREE

Rx Only

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Carton

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) INJECTION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Selenium (Sodium Selenate)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

Trace Element Additive

NDC 0517-6510-25

25 x 10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIALS

FOR INTRAVENOUS USE AFTER DILUTION PRESERVATIVE FREE Rx Only

Each mL contains: Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg, Water for Injection q.s.

pH adjusted with Nitric Acid. Sterile, nonpyrogenic.

WARNING: DISCARD UNUSED PORTION. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions

permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Directions for Use: See Package Insert.

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Rev. 11/05

Container Carton

Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate):

• Dosage and administration
• Warning
• Clinical pharmacology
• Dietary supplementation
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) reviews

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

One tablet daily or as directed by a physician.

WARNING

KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN.

In case of accidental overdose, seek professional assistance or contact a Poison Control Center immediately.

Other Ingredients: Artificial cherry flavor, artificial grape flavor, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, compressible sugar, D&C Red #7 calcium lake, FD&C Blue #1 aluminum lake, FD&C Yellow #6 aluminum lake, folic acid, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, natural and artificial orange flavor, niacinamide, polyethylene glycol, pyridoxine HCl, riboflavin, sodium ascorbate, sodium fluoride, stearic acid, sucralose, thiamine HCl, Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) acetate, vitamin B12 and vitamin E acetate.

Active ingredient for caries prophylaxis: Fluoride as sodium fluoride.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries can be linked to the fluoridation of the water supply (1ppm fluoride) during the period of tooth development.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) Tablets provide sodium fluoride and ten essential vitamins in a chewable tablet. Because the tablets are chewable, they provide a topical as well as systemic source of fluoride. Hydroxyapatite is the principal crystal for all calcified tissue in the human body. The fluoride ion reacts with the Hydroxyapatite in the tooth as it is formed to produce the more caries-resistant crystal, fluorapatite.

The reaction may be expressed by the equation:

Three stages of fluoride deposition in tooth enamel can be distinguished:

• Small amounts (reflecting the low levels of fluoride in tissue fluids) are incorporated into the enamel crystals while they are being formed.
• After enamel has been laid down, fluoride deposition continues in the surface enamel. Diffusion of fluoride from the surface inward is apparently restricted.
• After eruption, the surface enamel acquires fluoride from the water, food, supplementary fluoride and smaller amounts of saliva.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION

Multivitamins with fluoride offer supplementation of the diet with 10 vitamins and fluoride.

WARNINGS

AS IN THE CASE OF ALL MEDICATIONS, KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. This tablet should be chewed. This product, as with all chewable tablets are not recommended for children under the age of 4 due to risk of choking.

PRECAUTIONS

The suggested dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) Tablets should not be exceeded, since dental fluorosis may result from continued ingestion of large amounts of fluoride.

Before recommending Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) Tablets

• Determine the fluoride content of the drinking water from all major sources
• Make sure the child is not receiving significant amounts of fluoride from other sources such as medications and swallowed toothpaste
• Periodically check to make sure that the child does not develop significant dental fluorosis.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Allergic rash and other idiosyncrasies have been rarely reported.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact H2-Pharma, LLC at 1 (866) 592-6438 or FDA at 1 (800) 332-1088 or via the web at www.fda.gov/medwatch/index.html for voluntary reporting of adverse reactions.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

One tablet daily or as directed by a physician.

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) Tablets 0.25 mg are available as orange, red and purple chewable tablets imprinted with "151" in 100 tablet bottles.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) Tablets 0.5 mg are available as orange, red and purple chewable tablets imprinted with "152" in 100 tablet bottles.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin A (Retinol Acetate)) Tablets 1.0 mg are available as orange, red and purple chewable tablets imprinted with "153" in 100 tablet bottles.

STORAGE

Store at controlled room temperature 20ºC-25ºC (68º-77ºF), excursions permitted between 15º-30ºC (59º-86ºF).

Distributed by:

H2-Pharma, LLC

2010 Berry Chase Place

Montgomery, AL 36117

www.h2-pharma.com

1067084

61269-151-01

MultiVitamin

with Fluoride

Chewable Tablets

Rx

0.25 mg

MultiVitamin and Fluoride Supplement

Dietary Supplement

100 Tablets

H²pharma

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin):

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) side effects, adverse reactions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) contraindications
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) drug interactions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) reviews

Pharmacological action

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins. It has high biological activity. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (promotes maturation of erythrocytes). Involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, synthesis of methionine, nucleic acids, choline, creatine. Contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups. Has a beneficial effect on liver function and the nervous system. Activates the coagulation of blood in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolized in the tissues, becoming a co-enzyme form - adenosylcobalamin which is the active form of cyanocobalamin. Excreted in bile and urine.

Why is Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) prescribed?

Anemia due to B12-deficiency conditions; in the complex therapy for iron and posthemorrhagic anemia; aplastic anemia caused by toxic substances and drugs; liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis); funicular myelosis; polyneuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; children cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, peripheral nerve injury; skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, herpetiformis dermatitis, neurodermatitis); to prevent and treat symptoms of deficiency of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) (including the application of biguanide, PASA, vitamin C in high doses); radiation sickness.

Dosage and administration

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) is used as injections SC, IV, IM, intralumbar, and also oral. With anemia associated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) deficiency is introduced on 100-200 mcg in 2 days. In anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and megalocytic anemia with diseases of the nervous system - 400-500 micrograms in the first 7 days daily, then 1 time every 5-7 days. In the period of remission in the absence of events funicular myelosis maintenance dose - 100 mcg 2 times a month, in the presence of neurological symptoms - at 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. In acute post-hemorrhagic anemia and iron anemia by 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week. When aplastic anemia (especially in children) - 100 micrograms before clinical improvement. When nutritional anemia in infants and preterm - 30 mcg / day during 15 days.

In diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and neurological diseases with a pain syndrome is administered in increasing doses - 200-500 mcg, with the improvement in the state - 100 mcg / day. The course of treatment with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) is 2 weeks. In traumatic lesions of peripheral nervous system - at 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.

When hepatitis and cirrhosis - 30-60 mcg / day or 100 mg every other day for 25-40 days.

Dystrophy in young children, Down syndrome and cerebral palsy - by 15-30 mcg every other day.

When funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be introduced into the spinal canal at 15-30 mcg, gradually increasing the dose of 200-250 micrograms.

In radiation sickness, diabetic neuropathy, sprue - by 60-100 mcg daily for 20-30 days.

When deficiency of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) to prevent - IV or IM for 1 mg 1 time a month; for treatment - IV or IM for 1 mg daily for 1-2 weeks, the maintenance dose is 1-2 mg IV or IM from 1 per week, up to 1 per month. Duration of treatment is determined individually.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS: rarely - a state of arousal.

Cardiovascular system: rarely - pain in the heart, tachycardia.

Allergic reactions: rarely - urticaria.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) contraindications

Thromboembolism, erythremia, erythrocytosis, increased sensitivity to cyanocobalamin.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Cyanocobalamin can be used in pregnancy according to prescriptions.

Special instructions

When stenocardia should be used with caution in a single dose of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) 100 mcg. During treatment should regularly monitor the blood picture and coagulation. It is unacceptable to enter in the same syringe with cyanocobalamin solutions of thiamine and pyridoxine.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) drug interactions

In an application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) with hormonal contraceptives for oral administration may decrease the concentration of cyanocobalamin in plasma.

In an application with anticonvulsant drugs decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

In an Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)) application with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, colchicine, cimetidine, ranitidine, drugs potassium decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.

Cyanocobalamin may exacerbate allergic reactions caused by thiamine.

When parenteral application of chloramphenicol may decrease the hematopoietic effects of cyanocobalamin with anemia.

Pharmaceutical incompatibility

Contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion contributes to the destruction of ascorbic acid, thiamine bromide, riboflavin in one solution.

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) side effects, adverse reactions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) drug interactions
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) in case of emergency / overdose
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) reviews

Pharmacological action

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) (vitamin c) is essential for the formation of intracellular collagen, is required to strengthen the structure of teeth, bones, and the capillary walls. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) participates in redox reactions, the metabolism of tyrosine, converting folic acid into folinic acid, metabolism of carbohydrates, the synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, processes of cellular respiration. Reduces the need for vitamins B1, B2, A, E, folic acid, pantothenic acid, enhances the body's resistance to infections; enhances iron absorption, contributing to its sequestration in reduced form. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) has antioxidant properties.

With intravaginal application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) lowers the vaginal pH, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and helps to restore and maintain normal pH and vaginal flora (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri).

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Widely distributed in body tissues.

The concentration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in blood plasma in normal amounts to approximately 10-20 mg / ml.

The concentration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in white blood cells and platelets is higher than in erythrocytes and plasma. When deficient state of concentration in leucocytes is reduced later and more slowly and is regarded as the best criterion for evaluating the deficit than the concentration in plasma.

Plasma protein binding is about 25%.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) is reversibly oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid, is metabolized with the formation of ascorbate-2-sulphate which is inactive and oxalic acid which is excreted in the urine.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) taken in excessive quantities is rapidly excreted unchanged in urine, it usually happens when exceeding a daily dose is 200 mg.

Why is Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) prescribed?

For systemic use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) RiteMED Phils: prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of vitamin C; providing increased need for vitamin C during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.

For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.

Dosage and administration

This medication administered orally, IM, IV, intravaginally.

For the prevention of deficiency conditions Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) dose is 25-75 mg / day, for the treatment - 250 mg / day or more in divided doses.

For intravaginal used Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) drugs in appropriate dosage forms.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia.

Digestive system: stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.

Allergic reaction: describes a few cases of skin reactions and manifestations of the respiratory system.

Urinary system: when used in high doses - hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones of calcium oxalate.

Local reactions: with intravaginal application - a burning or itching in the vagina, increased mucous discharge, redness, swelling of the vulva. Other: sensation of heat.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) contraindications

Increased sensitivity to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The minimum daily requirement of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) in the II and III trimester of pregnancy is about 60 mg.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) crosses the placental barrier. It should be borne in mind that the fetus can adapt to high doses of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)), which takes a pregnant woman, and then a newborn baby may develop the ascorbic disease as the reaction of cancel. Therefore, during pregnancy should not to take Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in high doses, except in cases where the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.

The minimum daily requirement during lactation (breastfeeding) is 80 mg. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) is excreted in breast milk. A mother's diet that contains adequate amounts of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)), is sufficient to prevent deficiency in an infant. It is unknown whether dangerous to the child's mother use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in high doses. Theoretically it is possible. Therefore, it is recommended not to exceed the maximum daily nursing mother needs to Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)), except when the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.

Special instructions

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) is used with caution in patients with hyperoxaluria, renal impairment, a history of instructions on urolithiasis. Because Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) increases iron absorption, its use in high doses can be dangerous in patients with hemochromatosis, thalassemia, polycythemia, leukemia, and sideroblastic anemia.

Patients with high content body iron should apply Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in minimal doses.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) is used with caution in patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in high doses can cause exacerbation of sickle cell anemia.

Data on the diabetogenic action of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) are contradictory. However, prolonged use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) should periodically monitor your blood glucose levels.

It is believed that the use of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in patients with rapidly proliferating and widely disseminated tumors may worsen during the process. It should therefore be used with caution in Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in patients with advanced cancer.

Absorption of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) decreased while use of fresh fruit or vegetable juices, alkaline drinking.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) drug interactions

In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in the urine.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in blood plasma.

In an application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) with iron preparations Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)), due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.

With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) by about a third.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.

With the simultaneous application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.

In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) in the urine.

There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)) 500 mg 2 times / day.

May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: long-term use of large doses (more than 1 g) - headache, increased CNS excitability, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis giperatsidnyh, ultseratsiya gastrointestinal mucosa, inhibition of the function insular apparatus of the pancreas (hyperglycemia, glycosuria), hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis (calcium oxalate), damage to the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, moderate thamuria (when receiving a dose of 600 mg / day).

Decrease capillary permeability (possibly deteriorating trophic tissues, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, the development of microangiopathy).

When IV administration in high doses - the threat of termination of pregnancy (due to estrogenemia), hemolysis of red blood cells.

Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate):

• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) reviews

Indication: Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)), known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects. It may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome. It may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported. It may help relieve some muscle cramps.

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) has antioxidant activity. It may also have anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cell membrane-stabilizing and antiproliferative actions. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is a collective term used to describe eight separate forms, the best-known form being alpha-tocopherol. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an important antioxidant. It acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. There are three specific situations when a Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) deficiency is likely to occur. It is seen in persons who cannot absorb dietary fat, has been found in premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), and is seen in individuals with rare disorders of fat metabolism. A Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction. Symptoms may include infertility, neuromuscular impairment, menstrual problems, miscarriage and uterine degradation. Preliminary research has led to a widely held belief that Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease. Antioxidants such as Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) help protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer.

Zinc (Zinc Oxide):

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug abuse and dependence
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN. Administration helps to maintain Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores, and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (2) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Severe kidney disease may make it necessary to reduce or omit chromium and Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the urine.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless the solution is clear and the seal is intact.

Zinc 1 mg/mL should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Zinc should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the likelihood of infusion phlebitis and the potential for increased excretory loss of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) from a bolus injection. Administration of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) in the absence of copper may cause a decrease in serum copper levels.

Laboratory Tests

Periodic determinations of serum copper as well as Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) are suggested as a guideline for subsequent Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Vitrum Prenatal Forte ) chloride. It is also not known whether Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Single intravenous doses of 1 to 2 mg zinc/kg body weight have been given to adult leukemic patients without toxic manifestations. However, acute toxicity was reported in an adult when 10 mg Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) was infused over a period of one hour on each of four consecutive days. Profuse sweating, decreased level of consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia (140/min), and marked hypothermia (94.2° F) on the fourth day were accompanied by a serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) concentration of 207 mcg/dl. Symptoms abated within three hours.

Hyperamylasemia may be a sign of impending Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) overdosage; patients receiving an inadvertent overdose (25 mg zinc/liter of TPN solution, equivalent to 50 to 70 mg zinc/day) developed hyperamylasemia (557 to 1850 Klein units; normal: 130 to 310).

Death resulted from an overdosage in which 1683 mg Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) was delivered intravenously over the course of 60 hours to a 72 year old patient.

Symptoms of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) toxicity included hypotension (80/40 mm Hg), pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and oliguria, with a serum Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) level of 4184 mcg/dl.

Calcium supplements may confer a protective effect against Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) toxicity.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) contains 1 mg zinc/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be diluted prior to administration in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the metabolically stable adult receiving TPN, the suggested intravenous dosage is 2.5 to 4 mg zinc/day (2.5 to 4 mL/day). An additional 2 mg zinc/day (2 mL/day) is suggested for acute catabolic states. For the stable adult with fluid loss from the small bowel, an additional 12.2 mg zinc/liter of small bowel fluid lost (12.2 mL/liter of small bowel fluid lost), or an additional 17.1 mg zinc/kg of stool or ileostomy output (17.1 mL/kg of stool or ileostomy output) is recommended. Frequent monitoring of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) blood levels is suggested for patients receiving more than the usual maintenance dosage level of Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)).

For full term infants and children up to 5 years of age, 100 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended. For premature infants (birth weight less than 1500 g) up to 3 kg in body weight, 300 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.3 mL/kg/day) is suggested.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (List No. 4090).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Revised: October, 2004

© Hospira 2004 EN-0488 Printed in USA

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

10 mL Vial

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide))

1 mg/mL

Vitrum Prenatal Forte (Zinc (Zinc Oxide)) Chloride Inj., USP

Rx only

FOR I.V. USE ONLY AFTER DILUTION.

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA