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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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When are you taking this medicine? |
Calcium (Calcium Carbonate):
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).
- Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (1)
The recommended initial dose of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate for the adult dialysis patient is 2 capsules with each meal. Increase the dose gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal.
- Starting dose is 2 capsules with each meal. (2)
- Titrate the dose every 2 to 3 weeks until acceptable serum phosphorus level is reached. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal. (2)
Capsule: 667 mg Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsule.
- Capsule: 667 mg Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsule. (3)
Patients with hypercalcemia.
- Hypercalcemia. (4)
- Treat mild hypercalcemia by reducing or interrupting Viamon ) acetate and Vitamin D. Severe hypercalcemia may require hemodialysis and discontinuation of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. (5.1)
- Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity. (5.2)
Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia when treated with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)), including Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Avoid the use of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) supplements, including Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) based nonprescription antacids, concurrently with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.
An overdose of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate may lead to progressive hypercalcemia, which may require emergency measures. Therefore, early in the treatment phase during the dosage adjustment period, monitor serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels twice weekly. Should hypercalcemia develop, reduce the Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate dosage, or discontinue the treatment, depending on the severity of hypercalcemia
More severe hypercalcemia (Ca >12 mg/dL) is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor and coma. Severe hypercalcemia can be treated by acute hemodialysis and discontinuing Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate therapy.
Mild hypercalcemia (10.5 to 11.9 mg/dL) may be asymptomatic or manifest as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Mild hypercalcemia is usually controlled by reducing the Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate dose or temporarily discontinuing therapy. Decreasing or discontinuing Vitamin D therapy is recommended as well.
Chronic hypercalcemia may lead to vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. Radiographic evaluation of suspected anatomical regions may be helpful in early detection of soft tissue calcification. The long term effect of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate on the progression of vascular or soft tissue calcification has not been determined.
Hypercalcemia (>11 mg/dL) was reported in 16% of patients in a 3 month study of solid dose formulation of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate; all cases resolved upon lowering the dose or discontinuing treatment.
Maintain the serum calcium-phosphorus (Ca x P) product below 55 mg2/dL2.
Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity.
Hypercalcemia is discussed elsewhere [see Warnings and Precautions ].
- The most common (>10%) adverse reactions are hypercalcemia, nausea and vomiting. (6.1)
- In clinical studies, patients have occasionally experienced nausea during Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate therapy. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
In clinical studies, Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate has been generally well tolerated.
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate was studied in a 3 month, open-label, non-randomized study of 98 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients and an alternate liquid formulation of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate was studied in a two week double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with 69 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients. Adverse reactions (>2% on treatment) from these trials are presented in Table 1.
Preferred Term | Total adverse reactions reported for Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate N=167 N (%) | 3 month, open label study of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate N=98 N (%) | Double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of liquid Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate N=69 | |
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate N (%) | Placebo N (%) | |||
Nausea | 6 (3.6) | 6 (6.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Vomiting | 4 (2.4) | 4 (4.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Hypercalcemia | 21 (12.6) | 16 (16.3) | 5 (7.2) | 0 (0) |
Mild hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic or manifest itself as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor, and coma. Decreasing dialysate Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) concentration could reduce the incidence and severity of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate-induced hypercalcemia. Isolated cases pruritus have been reported, which may represent allergic reactions.
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate: dizziness, edema, and weakness.
The drug interaction of Viamon ) acetate is characterized by the potential of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) to bind to drugs with anionic functions (e.g., carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups). Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones via this mechanism.
There are no empirical data on avoiding drug interactions between Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate and most concomitant drugs. When administering an oral medication with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, administer the drug one hour before or three hours after Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Monitor blood levels of the concomitant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Patients taking anti-arrhythmic medications for the control of arrhythmias and anti-seizure medications for the control of seizure disorders were excluded from the clinical trials with all forms of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.
- Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. (7)
- When clinically significant drug interactions are expected, administer the drug at least one hour before or at least three hours after Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate or consider monitoring blood levels of the drug. (7)
In a study of 15 healthy subjects, a co-administered single dose of 4 Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate tablets, approximately 2.7g, decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50%.
Pregnancy Category C:
Viamon ) acetate capsules contains Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate, and there are no adequate and well controlled studies of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate use in pregnant women. Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 ) ]. Maintenance of normal serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels is important for maternal and fetal well being. Hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal complications such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, and neonatal hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate treatment, as recommended, is not expected to harm a fetus if maternal Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are properly monitored during and following treatment.
The effects of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate on labor and delivery are unknown.
Viamon ) Acetate Capsules contains Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate and is excreted in human milk. Human milk feeding by a mother receiving Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is not expected to harm an infant, provided maternal serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are appropriately monitored.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Clinical studies of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Administration of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in excess of the appropriate daily dosage may result in hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate acts as a phosphate binder. Its chemical name is Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate. Its molecular formula is C4H6CaO4, and its molecular weight is 158.17. Its structural formula is:
Each white opaque/blue opaque capsule contains 667 mg of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH3COO)2; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)), polyethylene glycol 8000 and magnesium stearate. Each capsule shell contains: black monogramming ink, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #3, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The black monogramming ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze.
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) Acetate Capsules are administered orally for the control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal failure.
Patients with ESRD retain phosphorus and can develop hyperphosphatemia. High serum phosphorus can precipitate serum Viamon ) resulting in ectopic calcification. Hyperphosphatemia also plays a role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with ESRD.
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form an insoluble Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) phosphate complex, which is excreted in the feces, resulting in decreased serum phosphorus concentration.
Orally administered Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate from pharmaceutical dosage forms is systemically absorbed up to approximately 40% under fasting conditions and up to approximately 30% under nonfasting conditions. This range represents data from both healthy subjects and renal dialysis patients under various conditions.
No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility studies have been conducted with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate.
Effectiveness of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in decreasing serum phosphorus has been demonstrated in two studies of the Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate solid oral dosage form.
Ninety-one patients with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis and were hyperphosphatemic (serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dL) following a 1 week phosphate binder washout period contributed efficacy data to an open-label, non-randomized study.
The patients received Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate 667 mg tablets at each meal for a period of 12 weeks. The initial starting dose was 2 tablets per meal for 3 meals a day, and the dose was adjusted as necessary to control serum phosphorus levels. The average final dose after 12 weeks of treatment was 3.4 tablets per meal. Although there was a decrease in serum phosphorus, in the absence of a control group the true magnitude of effect is uncertain.
The data presented in Table 2 demonstrate the efficacy of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients. The effects on serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) levels are also presented.
* Ninety-one patients completed at least 6 weeks of the study. † ANOVA of difference in values at pre-study and study completion. ‡ Values expressed as mean ± SE. | |||||
Parameter | Pre-Study | Week 4* | Week 8 | Week 12 | p-value† |
Phosphorus (mg/dL)‡ | 7.4 ± 0.17 | 5.9 ± 0.16 | 5.6 ± 0.17 | 5.2 ± 0.17 | ≤0.01 |
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) (mg/dL)‡ | 8.9 ± 0.09 | 9.5 ± 0.10 | 9.7 ± 0.10 | 9.7 ± 0.10 | ≤0.01 |
There was a 30% decrease in serum phosphorus levels during the 12 week study period (p<0.01). Two-thirds of the decline occurred in the first month of the study. Serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) increased 9% during the study mostly in the first month of the study.
Treatment with the phosphate binder was discontinued for patients from the open-label study, and those patients whose serum phosphorus exceeded 5.5 mg/dL were eligible for entry into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Patients were randomized to receive Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate or placebo, and each continued to receive the same number of tablets as had been individually established during the previous study. Following 2 weeks of treatment, patients switched to the alternative therapy for an additional 2 weeks.
The phosphate binding effect of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate is shown in the Table 3.
* ANOVA of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate vs. placebo after 2 weeks of treatment. † Values expressed as mean ± SEM. | ||||
Parameter | Pre-Study | Post-Treatment | p-value* | |
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) Acetate | Placebo | |||
Phosphorus (mg/dL)† | 7.3 ± 0.18 | 5.9 ± 0.24 | 7.8 ± 0.22 | <0.01 |
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) (mg/dL)† | 8.9 ± 0.11 | 9.5 ± 0.13 | 8.8 ± 0.12 | <0.01 |
Overall, 2 weeks of treatment with Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate statistically significantly (p<0.01) decreased serum phosphorus by a mean of 19% and increased serum Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) by a statistically significant (p<0.01) but clinically unimportant mean of 7%.
Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) Acetate Capsules
667 mg capsule is supplied as a white opaque/blue opaque capsule, imprinted with “54 215” on the cap and body.
NDC 0615-2303-39: Blistercards of 30 Capsules
NDC 0615-2303-30: Unit-dose Boxes of 30 Capsules
STORAGE
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Inform patients to take Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsules with meals, adhere to their prescribed diets, and avoid the use of Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) supplements including nonprescription antacids. Inform the patients about the symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].
Advise patients who are taking an oral medication where reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy to take the drug one hour before or three hours after Viamon (Calcium (Calcium Carbonate)) acetate capsules.
Distr. by: West-Ward
Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Eatontown, NJ 07724
10003705/05
Revised April 2016
Iron (Ferrous Gluconate):
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is indicated for the treatment of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is an Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)
Viamon ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is expressed in mg of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)).
Population | Dose | |
Adult patients | Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD) (2.1) | 100 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion |
Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (2.2) | 200 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion | |
Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (PDD-CKD) (2.3) | 300 mg or 400 mg intravenous infusion | |
Pediatric patients | HDD-CKD (2.4), PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD (2.5) | 0.5 mg/kg slow intravenous injection or infusion |
Administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is 1000 mg. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment may be repeated if Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency reoccurs.
Administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment may be repeated if Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency reoccurs.
Administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment may be repeated if Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency reoccurs.
The dosing for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.
For Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.
The dosing for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.
For Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.
Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .
Viamon ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Hypotension following administration of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .
Excessive therapy with parenteral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) can lead to excess storage of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) to patients with evidence of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose; do not perform serum Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .
The following serious adverse reactions associated with Viamon ) are described in other sections .
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD
The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Viamon ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.
* EPO=Erythropoietin | |||||
Adverse Reactions (Preferred Term) | HDD-CKD | NDD-CKD | PDD-CKD | ||
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) | Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) | Oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) | Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) | EPO* Only | |
(N=231) | (N=139) | (N=139) | (N=75) | (N=46) | |
% | % | % | % | % | |
Subjects with any adverse reaction | 78.8 | 76.3 | 73.4 | 72.0 | 65.2 |
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders | |||||
Ear Pain | 0 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 |
Eye Disorders | |||||
Conjunctivitis | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 | 0 |
Gastrointestinal Disorders | |||||
Abdominal pain | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 6.5 |
Diarrhea | 5.2 | 7.2 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 4.3 |
Dysgeusia | 0.9 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Nausea | 14.7 | 8.6 | 12.2 | 5.3 | 4.3 |
Vomiting | 9.1 | 5.0 | 8.6 | 8.0 | 2.2 |
General Disorders and | |||||
Administration Site Conditions | |||||
Asthenia | 2.2 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 2.7 | 0 |
Chest pain | 6.1 | 1.4 | 0 | 2.7 | 0 |
Feeling abnormal | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Infusion site pain or burning | 0 | 5.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Injection site extravasation | 0 | 2.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Peripheral edema | 2.6 | 7.2 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 10.9 |
Pyrexia | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0 |
Infections and Infestations | |||||
Nasopharyngitis, Sinusitis, Upper respiratory tract infections, Pharyngitis | 2.6 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 16.0 | 4.3 |
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural | |||||
Complications | |||||
Graft complication | 9.5 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | |||||
Fluid overload | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0 |
Gout | 0 | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 |
Hyperglycemia | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 |
Hypoglycemia | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 0 |
Musculoskeletal and Connective | |||||
Tissue Disorders | |||||
Arthralgia | 3.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 4.3 |
Back pain | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
Muscle cramp | 29.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 0 |
Myalgia | 0 | 3.6 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 |
Pain in extremity | 5.6 | 4.3 | 0 | 2.7 | 6.5 |
Nervous System Disorders | |||||
Dizziness | 6.5 | 6.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 4.3 |
Headache | 12.6 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 0 |
Respiratory, Thoracic and | |||||
Mediastinal Disorders | |||||
Cough | 3.0 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0 |
Dyspnea | 3.5 | 5.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 |
Nasal congestion | 0 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 0 |
Skin and Subcutaneous | |||||
Tissue Disorders | |||||
Pruritus | 3.9 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 0 |
Vascular Disorders | |||||
Hypertension | 6.5 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 8.0 | 6.5 |
Hypotension | 39.4 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.2 |
One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) product). When these patients were treated with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) .
Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)
In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) maintenance treatment with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 2.0 mg/kg.
A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.
Symptoms associated with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.
Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.
Drug interactions involving Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) have not been studied. However, Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) preparations.
Pregnancy Category B
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Viamon ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
It is not known whether Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness of Viamon ) for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.
Safety and effectiveness of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.
In a country where Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) or any other drugs could be established.
Clinical studies of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
No data are available regarding overdosage of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) may lead to accumulation of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) to patients with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) overload.
Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:
[Na2Fe5O8(OH) ·3(H2O)]n ·m(C12H22O11)
where: n is the degree of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (III)-hydroxide.
Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) as Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose in water for injection. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.
Viamon ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is dissociated into Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) and sucrose and the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.
Following intravenous administration, Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is dissociated into Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose treatment.
In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Viamon ), its Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) containing 100 mg of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) labeled with 52Fe/59Fe in patients with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) trapping compartment.
Following intravenous administration of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose is dissociated into Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) have not been studied.
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients
In a single-dose PK study of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), the half-life of total serum Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).
Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose.
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.
Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Viamon ).
Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), who were off intravenous Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.
Patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.
**p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to historical control from ANCOVA analysis with baseline hemoglobin, serum ferritin and erythropoietin dose as covariates. | ||||||
Efficacy parameters | End of treatment | 2 week follow-up | 5 week follow-up | |||
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (n=69 | Historical Control (n=18) | Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (n=73) | Historical Control (n=18) | Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (n=71) | Historical Control (n=15) | |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.12** | 0.0 ± 0.21 | 1.3 ± 0.14** | -0.6 ± 0.24 | 1.2 ± 0.17* | -0.1 ± 0.23 |
Hematocrit (%) | 3.1 ± 0.37** | -0.3 ± 0.65 | 3.6 ± 0.44** | -1.2 ± 0.76 | 3.3 ± 0.54 | 0.2 ± 0.86 |
Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).
Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in 23 patients with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.
All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.
Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.
The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.
Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) versus Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) group.
A statistically significantly greater proportion of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).
Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) or Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.
Patients in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).
Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.
Viamon ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) (20 mg/mL).
NDC-0517-2310-05 | 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 5 |
NDC-0517-2310-10 | 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 10 |
NDC-0517-2340-01 | 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial | Individually Boxed |
NDC-0517-2340-10 | 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 10 |
NDC-0517-2340-25 | 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 25 |
NDC-0517-2340-99 | 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 10 |
NDC-0517-2325-10 | 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 10 |
NDC-0517-2325-25 | 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial | Packages of 25 |
Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.
Syringe Stability: Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).
Intravenous Admixture Stability: Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).
Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.
Do not mix Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.
Prior to Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) administration:
AMERICAN
REGENT, INC.
SHIRLEY, NY 11967
Viamon (Iron (Ferrous Gluconate)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.
PremierProRx® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.
PREMIERProRx®
IN2340
MG #15727
Vitamin B12:
Viamon refers to a group of water-soluble vitamins. It has high biological activity. Viamon (Vitamin B12) is necessary for normal hematopoiesis (promotes maturation of erythrocytes). Involved in the processes of transmethylation, hydrogen transport, synthesis of methionine, nucleic acids, choline, creatine. Contributes to the accumulation in erythrocytes of compounds containing sulfhydryl groups. Has a beneficial effect on liver function and the nervous system. Activates the coagulation of blood in high doses causes an increase in the activity of thromboplastin and prothrombin.
After oral administration Viamon (Vitamin B12) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolized in the tissues, becoming a co-enzyme form - adenosylcobalamin which is the active form of cyanocobalamin. Excreted in bile and urine.
Anemia due to B12-deficiency conditions; in the complex therapy for iron and posthemorrhagic anemia; aplastic anemia caused by toxic substances and drugs; liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis); funicular myelosis; polyneuritis, radiculitis, neuralgia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; children cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, peripheral nerve injury; skin diseases (psoriasis, photodermatosis, herpetiformis dermatitis, neurodermatitis); to prevent and treat symptoms of deficiency of Viamon (Vitamin B12) (including the application of biguanide, PASA, vitamin C in high doses); radiation sickness.
Viamon is used as injections SC, IV, IM, intralumbar, and also oral. With anemia associated with Viamon (Vitamin B12) deficiency is introduced on 100-200 mcg in 2 days. In anemia with symptoms of funicular myelosis and megalocytic anemia with diseases of the nervous system - 400-500 micrograms in the first 7 days daily, then 1 time every 5-7 days. In the period of remission in the absence of events funicular myelosis maintenance dose - 100 mcg 2 times a month, in the presence of neurological symptoms - at 200-400 mcg 2-4 times a month. In acute post-hemorrhagic anemia and iron anemia by 30-100 mcg 2-3 times a week. When aplastic anemia (especially in children) - 100 micrograms before clinical improvement. When nutritional anemia in infants and preterm - 30 mcg / day during 15 days.
In diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system and neurological diseases with a pain syndrome is administered in increasing doses - 200-500 mcg, with the improvement in the state - 100 mcg / day. The course of treatment with Viamon (Vitamin B12) is 2 weeks. In traumatic lesions of peripheral nervous system - at 200-400 mcg every other day for 40-45 days.
When hepatitis and cirrhosis - 30-60 mcg / day or 100 mg every other day for 25-40 days.
Dystrophy in young children, Down syndrome and cerebral palsy - by 15-30 mcg every other day.
When funicular myelosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be introduced into the spinal canal at 15-30 mcg, gradually increasing the dose of 200-250 micrograms.
In radiation sickness, diabetic neuropathy, sprue - by 60-100 mcg daily for 20-30 days.
When deficiency of Viamon (Vitamin B12) to prevent - IV or IM for 1 mg 1 time a month; for treatment - IV or IM for 1 mg daily for 1-2 weeks, the maintenance dose is 1-2 mg IV or IM from 1 per week, up to 1 per month. Duration of treatment is determined individually.
CNS: rarely - a state of arousal.
Cardiovascular system: rarely - pain in the heart, tachycardia.
Allergic reactions: rarely - urticaria.
Thromboembolism, erythremia, erythrocytosis, increased sensitivity to cyanocobalamin.
Cyanocobalamin can be used in pregnancy according to prescriptions.
When stenocardia should be used with caution in a single dose of Viamon 100 mcg. During treatment should regularly monitor the blood picture and coagulation. It is unacceptable to enter in the same syringe with cyanocobalamin solutions of thiamine and pyridoxine.
In an application of Viamon (Vitamin B12) with hormonal contraceptives for oral administration may decrease the concentration of cyanocobalamin in plasma.
In an application with anticonvulsant drugs decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.
In an Viamon (Vitamin B12) application with neomycin, aminosalicylic acid, colchicine, cimetidine, ranitidine, drugs potassium decreased cyanocobalamin absorption from the gut.
Cyanocobalamin may exacerbate allergic reactions caused by thiamine.
When parenteral application of chloramphenicol may decrease the hematopoietic effects of cyanocobalamin with anemia.
Pharmaceutical incompatibility
Contained in the molecule of cyanocobalamin cobalt ion contributes to the destruction of ascorbic acid, thiamine bromide, riboflavin in one solution.
Vitamin C:
Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of intracellular collagen, is required to strengthen the structure of teeth, bones, and the capillary walls. Viamon (Vitamin C) participates in redox reactions, the metabolism of tyrosine, converting folic acid into folinic acid, metabolism of carbohydrates, the synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, processes of cellular respiration. Reduces the need for vitamins B1, B2, A, E, folic acid, pantothenic acid, enhances the body's resistance to infections; enhances iron absorption, contributing to its sequestration in reduced form. Viamon (Vitamin C) has antioxidant properties.
With intravaginal application of ascorbic acid lowers the vaginal pH, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and helps to restore and maintain normal pH and vaginal flora (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri).
After oral administration ascorbic acid is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Widely distributed in body tissues.
The concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma in normal amounts to approximately 10-20 mg / ml.
The concentration of ascorbic acid in white blood cells and platelets is higher than in erythrocytes and plasma. When deficient state of concentration in leucocytes is reduced later and more slowly and is regarded as the best criterion for evaluating the deficit than the concentration in plasma.
Plasma protein binding is about 25%.
Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid, is metabolized with the formation of ascorbate-2-sulphate which is inactive and oxalic acid which is excreted in the urine.
Ascorbic acid taken in excessive quantities is rapidly excreted unchanged in urine, it usually happens when exceeding a daily dose is 200 mg.
For systemic use of Viamon (Vitamin C) Kimia Farma: prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of Viamon (Vitamin C); providing increased need for Viamon (Vitamin C) during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.
For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.
This medication administered orally, IM, IV, intravaginally.
For the prevention of deficiency conditions Viamon dose is 25-75 mg / day, for the treatment - 250 mg / day or more in divided doses.
For intravaginal used ascorbic acid drugs in appropriate dosage forms.
CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia.
Digestive system: stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.
Allergic reaction: describes a few cases of skin reactions and manifestations of the respiratory system.
Urinary system: when used in high doses - hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones of calcium oxalate.
Local reactions: with intravaginal application - a burning or itching in the vagina, increased mucous discharge, redness, swelling of the vulva. Other: sensation of heat.
Increased sensitivity to ascorbic acid.
The minimum daily requirement of ascorbic acid in the II and III trimester of pregnancy is about 60 mg.
Ascorbic acid crosses the placental barrier. It should be borne in mind that the fetus can adapt to high doses of ascorbic acid, which takes a pregnant woman, and then a newborn baby may develop the ascorbic disease as the reaction of cancel. Therefore, during pregnancy should not to take ascorbic acid in high doses, except in cases where the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.
The minimum daily requirement during lactation is 80 mg. Ascorbic acid is excreted in breast milk. A mother's diet that contains adequate amounts of ascorbic acid, is sufficient to prevent deficiency in an infant. It is unknown whether dangerous to the child's mother use of ascorbic acid in high doses. Theoretically it is possible. Therefore, it is recommended not to exceed the maximum daily nursing mother needs to ascorbic acid, except when the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Viamon (Vitamin C) is used with caution in patients with hyperoxaluria, renal impairment, a history of instructions on urolithiasis. Because ascorbic acid increases iron absorption, its use in high doses can be dangerous in patients with hemochromatosis, thalassemia, polycythemia, leukemia, and sideroblastic anemia.
Patients with high content body iron should apply ascorbic acid in minimal doses.
Viamon (Vitamin C) is used with caution in patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
The use of ascorbic acid in high doses can cause exacerbation of sickle cell anemia.
Data on the diabetogenic action of ascorbic acid are contradictory. However, prolonged use of ascorbic acid should periodically monitor your blood glucose levels.
It is believed that the use of ascorbic acid in patients with rapidly proliferating and widely disseminated tumors may worsen during the process. It should therefore be used with caution in ascorbic acid in patients with advanced cancer.
Absorption of ascorbic acid decreased while use of fresh fruit or vegetable juices, alkaline drinking.
In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.
With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma.
In an application of Viamon (Vitamin C) with iron preparations ascorbic acid, due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.
Ascorbic acid in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.
With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of ascorbic acid by about a third.
Viamon (Vitamin C) in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.
With the simultaneous application of ascorbic acid increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.
In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.
There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with ascorbic acid 500 mg 2 times / day.
May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.
Symptoms: long-term use of large doses (more than 1 g) - headache, increased CNS excitability, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis giperatsidnyh, ultseratsiya gastrointestinal mucosa, inhibition of the function insular apparatus of the pancreas (hyperglycemia, glycosuria), hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis (calcium oxalate), damage to the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, moderate thamuria (when receiving a dose of 600 mg / day).
Decrease capillary permeability (possibly deteriorating trophic tissues, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, the development of microangiopathy).
When IV administration in high doses - the threat of termination of pregnancy (due to estrogenemia), hemolysis of red blood cells.
Depending on the reaction of the Viamon after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Viamon not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Viamon addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology