Trisenox

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Trisenox uses


WARNING: APL DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME, CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES, AND ELECTROLYTE MONITORING

APL Differentiation Syndrome: Patients with APL treated with Trisenox have experienced symptoms similar to a syndrome called the retinoic-acid-Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (RA-APL) or APL differentiation syndrome, characterized by fever, dyspnea, weight gain, pulmonary infiltrates and pleural or pericardial effusions, with or without leukocytosis. This syndrome can be fatal. High-dose steroids have been administered at the first suspicion of the APL differentiation syndrome and appear to mitigate signs and symptoms. At the first signs that could suggest the syndrome (unexplained fever, dyspnea and/or weight gain, abnormal chest auscultatory findings or radiographic abnormalities), immediately initiate high-dose steroids (dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously BID), irrespective of the leukocyte count, and continue for at least 3 days or longer until signs and symptoms have abated. The majority of patients do not require termination of Trisenox therapy during treatment of the APL differentiation syndrome .

Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities: Before initiating therapy, perform a 12-lead ECG, assess serum electrolytes and creatinine, correct preexisting electrolyte abnormalities, and consider discontinuing drugs known to prolong QT interval. Trisenox can cause QT interval prolongation and complete atrioventricular block. QT prolongation can lead to a torsade de pointes-type ventricular arrhythmia, which can be fatal. The risk of torsade de pointes is related to the extent of QT prolongation, concomitant administration of QT prolonging drugs, a history of torsade de pointes, preexisting QT interval prolongation, congestive heart failure, administration of potassium-wasting diuretics, or other conditions that result in hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia. One patient (also receiving amphotericin B) had torsade de pointes during induction therapy for relapsed APL with Trisenox .

WARNING: APL DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME, CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES, AND ELECTROLYTE MONITORING

See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning.

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1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Trisenox is indicated for induction of remission and consolidation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy, and whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression.

Trisenox is an arsenical indicated for induction of remission and consolidation in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy, and whose APL is characterized by the presence of the t(15;17) translocation or PML/RAR-alpha gene expression.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dosage

Induction Treatment Schedule: Administer Trisenox intravenously at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg daily until bone marrow remission. Do not exceed 60 doses for induction.

Consolidation Treatment Schedule: Begin consolidation treatment 3 to 6 weeks after completion of induction therapy. Administer Trisenox intravenously at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg daily for 25 doses over a period up to 5 weeks.

2.2 Dose Adjustment for Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions

If a severe non-hematologic adverse reaction occurs, consider delaying Trisenox infusion until the event has resolved (≤ Grade 1).

2.3 Instructions for Preparation and Intravenous Administration

Administration

Administer Trisenox intravenously over 1-2 hours. The infusion duration may be extended up to 4 hours if acute vasomotor reactions are observed. A central venous catheter is not required.

The Trisenox ampule is single-use and does not contain any preservatives. Unused portions of each ampule should be discarded properly. Do not mix Trisenox with other medications.

Reconstitution

Dilute Trisenox with 100 to 250 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, using proper aseptic technique, immediately after withdrawal from the ampule. Do not save any unused portions for later administration.

Safe Handling Procedures

Trisenox is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

2.4 Stability

After dilution, Trisenox is chemically and physically stable when stored for 24 hours at room temperature and 48 hours when refrigerated.

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Trisenox is an injectable solution for intravenous administration supplied as 10 mg /10 mL of Trisenox in single-use ampules.

Injectable solution for intravenous administration supplied as 10 mg/10 ml of Trisenox in single-use ampules. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Trisenox is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to arsenic.

Hypersensitivity to arsenic. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 APL Differentiation Syndrome

Nine of 40 patients with APL treated with Trisenox, at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg, experienced the APL differentiation syndrome. High-dose steroids have been administered at the first suspicion of the APL differentiation syndrome and appear to mitigate signs and symptoms. At the first signs that could suggest the syndrome (unexplained fever, dyspnea and/or weight gain, abnormal chest auscultatory findings or radiographic abnormalities), high-dose steroids (dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously BID) should be immediately initiated, irrespective of the leukocyte count, and continued for at least 3 days or longer until signs and symptoms have abated. The majority of patients do not require termination of Trisenox therapy during treatment of the APL differentiation syndrome .

5.2 Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities: Torsade de Pointes, Complete Heart Block, and QT Prolongation

Torsade de pointes and complete heart block have been reported. QT/QTc prolongation can occur. Sixteen of 40 patients had at least one ECG tracing with a QTc interval greater than 500 msec. Prolongation of the QTc was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after Trisenox infusion, and then returned towards baseline by the end of 8 weeks after Trisenox infusion.

Prior to initiating therapy with Trisenox, a 12-lead ECG should be performed and serum electrolytes (potassium, calcium, and magnesium) and creatinine should be assessed. Preexisting electrolyte abnormalities should be corrected and, if possible, drugs that are known to prolong the QT interval should be discontinued. If it is not possible to discontinue the interacting drug, perform cardiac monitoring frequently .

Monitor ECG weekly, and more frequently for clinically unstable patients.

For QTc greater than 500 msec, complete corrective measures and reassess the QTc with serial ECGs prior to initiating Trisenox. During Trisenox therapy, maintain potassium concentrations above 4 mEq/L and magnesium concentrations above 1.8 mg/dL. Reassess patients who reach an absolute QT interval value > 500 msec and immediately correct concomitant risk factors, if any, while the risk/benefit of continuing versus suspending Trisenox therapy should be considered. There are no data on the effect of Trisenox on the QTc interval during the infusion.

The risk may be increased when Trisenox is coadministered with medications that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities (such as diuretics or amphotericin B) .

5.3 Carcinogenesis

The active ingredient of Trisenox, Trisenox, is a human carcinogen. Monitor patients for the development of second primary malignancies.

5.4 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

Trisenox can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Trisenox was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats when administered on gestation day 9 at a dose approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. A related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite, produced teratogenicity when administered during gestation in mice at a dose approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis and in hamsters at an intravenous dose approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with Trisenox .

5.5 Laboratory Tests

The patient’s electrolyte and glucose levels, as well as hepatic, renal, hematologic and coagulation profiles should be monitored at least twice weekly, and more frequently for clinically unstable patients during the induction phase and at least weekly during the consolidation phase.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions have been associated with Trisenox in clinical trials and are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label.


The most common adverse reactions in patients with relapsed or refractory APL were leukocytosis, gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), fatigue, edema, hyperglycemia, dyspnea, cough, rash or itching, headaches, and dizziness. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc. at 1-888-483-8279 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Safety information was available for 52 patients with relapsed or refractory APL who participated in clinical trials of Trisenox. Forty patients in the Phase 2 study received the recommended dose of 0.15 mg/kg of which 28 completed both induction and consolidation treatment cycles. An additional 12 patients with relapsed or refractory APL received doses generally similar to the recommended dose. Most patients experienced some drug-related toxicity, most commonly leukocytosis, gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain), fatigue, edema, hyperglycemia, dyspnea, cough, rash or itching, headaches, and dizziness. These adverse effects have not been observed to be permanent or irreversible nor do they usually require interruption of therapy.

Serious adverse events (SAEs), Grade 3/4 according to version 2 of the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria, were common. Those SAEs attributed to Trisenox in the Phase 2 study of 40 patients with refractory or relapsed APL included APL differentiation syndrome (n=3), hyperleukocytosis (n=3), QTc interval ≥ 500 msec (n=16, 1 with torsade de pointes), atrial dysrhythmias (n=2), and hyperglycemia (n=2).

Table 1 describes the adverse events that were observed in patients, between the ages of 5-73 years, treated for APL with Trisenox at the recommended dose at a rate of 5% or more. Similar adverse event profiles were seen in the other patient populations who received Trisenox.

Table 1

Adverse Events (Any Grade) Occurring in ≥ 5% of 40 Patients with APL Who Received

Trisenox (arsenic trioxide) Injection at a Dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day


System organ class

Adverse event


All Adverse Events,

Any Grade


Grade 3/4 Events


n


%


n


%


General disorders and administration site conditions


Fatigue


25


63


2


5


Pyrexia (fever)


25


63


2


5


Edema - non-specific


16


40


Rigors


15


38


Chest pain


10


25


2


5


Injection site pain


8


20


Pain - non-specific


6


15


1


3


Injection site erythema


5


13


Injection site edema


4


10


Weakness


4


10


2


5


Hemorrhage


3


8


Weight gain


5


13


Weight loss


3


8


Drug hypersensitivity


2


5


1


3


Gastrointestinal disorders


Nausea


30


75


Anorexia


9


23


Appetite decreased


6


15


Diarrhea


21


53


Vomiting


23


58


Abdominal pain (lower & upper)


23


58


4


10


Sore throat


14


35


Constipation


11


28


1


3


Loose stools


4


10


Dyspepsia


4


10


Oral blistering


3


8


Fecal incontinence


3


8


Gastrointestinal hemorrhage


3


8


Dry mouth


3


8


Abdominal tenderness


3


8


Diarrhea hemorrhagic


3


8


Abdominal distension


3


8


Metabolism and nutrition disorders


Hypokalemia


20


50


5


13


Hypomagnesemia


18


45


5


13


Hyperglycemia


18


45


5


13


ALT increased


8


20


2


5


Hyperkalemia


7


18


2


5


AST increased


5


13


1


3


Hypocalcemia


4


10

  • Hypoglycemia

3


8


Acidosis


2


5


Nervous system disorders


Headache


24


60


1


3


Insomnia


17


43


1


3


Paresthesia


13


33


2


5


Dizziness (excluding vertigo)


9


23

  • Tremor

5


13


Convulsion


3


8


2


5


Somnolence


3


8


Coma


2


5


2


5


Respiratory


Cough


26


65


Dyspnea


21


53


4


10


Epistaxis


10


25


Hypoxia


9


23


4


10


Pleural effusion


8


20


1


3


Post nasal drip


5


13


Wheezing


5


13


Decreased breath sounds


4


10


Crepitations


4


10


Rales


4


10


Hemoptysis


3


8


Tachypnea


3


8


Rhonchi


3


8


Skin & subcutaneous tissue disorders


Dermatitis


17


43


Pruritus


13


33


1


3


Ecchymosis


8


20


Dry skin


6


15


Erythema - non-specific


5


13


Increased sweating


5


13


Facial edema


3


8


Night sweats


3


8


Petechiae


3


8


Hyperpigmentation


3


8


Non-specific skin lesions


3


8


Urticaria


3


8


Local exfoliation


2


5


Eyelid edema


2


5


Cardiac disorders


Tachycardia


22


55


ECG QT corrected interval prolonged

> 500 msec


16


40


Palpitations


4


10


ECG abnormal other than QT interval

prolongation


3


8


Infections and infestations


Sinusitis


8


20


Herpes simplex


5


13


Upper respiratory tract infection


5


13


1


3


Bacterial infection - non-specific


3


8


1


3


Herpes zoster


3


8


Nasopharyngitis


2


5


Oral candidiasis


2


5


Sepsis


2


5


2


5


Musculoskeletal, connective tissue and bone disorders


Arthralgia


13


33


3


8


Myalgia


10


25


2


5


Bone pain


9


23


4


10


Back pain


7


18


1


3


Neck pain


5


13


Pain in limb


5


13


2


5


Hematologic disorders


Leukocytosis


20


50


1


3


Anemia


8


20


2


5


Thrombocytopenia


7


18


5


13


Febrile neutropenia


5


13


3


8


Neutropenia


4


10


4


10


Disseminated intravascular coagulation


3


8


3


8


Lymphadenopathy


3


8


Vascular disorders


Hypotension


10


25


2


5


Flushing


4


10


Hypertension


4


10


Pallor


4


10


Psychiatric disorders


Anxiety


12


30


Depression


8


20


Agitation


2


5


Confusion


2


5


Ocular disorders


Eye irritation


4


10


Blurred vision


4


10


Dry eye


3


8


Painful red eye


2


5


Renal and urinary disorders


Renal failure


3


8


1


3


Renal impairment


3


8


Oliguria


2


5


Incontinence


2


5


Reproductive system disorders


Vaginal hemorrhage


5


13


Intermenstrual bleeding


3


8


Ear disorders


Earache


3


8


Tinnitus


2


5


The following additional adverse events were reported as related to Trisenox treatment in 13 pediatric patients (defined as ages 4 through 20): gastrointestinal (dysphagia, mucosal inflammation/stomatitis, oropharyngeal pain, caecitis), metabolic and nutrition disorders (hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, and lipase increased), cardiac failure congestive, respiratory (acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung infiltration, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, respiratory distress, capillary leak syndrome), neuralgia, and enuresis. Pulmonary edema (n=1) and caecitis (n=1) were considered serious reactions.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following reactions have been reported from clinical trials and/or worldwide postmarketing surveillance. Because they are reported from a population of unknown size, precise estimates of frequency cannot be made.

Cardiac disorders: ventricular extrasystoles in association with QT prolongation, and ventricular tachycardia in association with QT prolongation.

Nervous system disorders: peripheral neuropathy

Hematologic disorders: pancytopenia

Investigations: gamma-glutamyltransferase increased

Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: A differentiation syndrome, like retinoic acid syndrome, has been reported with the use of Trisenox for the treatment of malignancies other than APL .

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drugs That Can Prolong the QT/QTc Interval Concomitant use of these drugs and Trisenox may increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation. Discontinue or replace with an alternative drug that does not prolong the QT/QTc interval while patient is using Trisenox. Monitor ECGs more frequently in patients when it is not feasible to avoid concomitant use.

Drugs That Can Lead to Electrolyte Abnormalities Electrolyte abnormalities increase the risk of serious QT/QTc interval prolongation. Avoid concomitant administration of drugs that can lead to electrolyte abnormalities. Monitor electrolytes more frequently in patients who must receive concomitant use of these drugs and Trisenox.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Trisenox can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Trisenox was embryolethal and teratogenic in rats when administered on gestation day 9 at a dose approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis [see Data]. A related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite, produced teratogenicity when administered during gestation in mice at a dose approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis and in hamsters at an intravenous dose approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis. There are no studies in pregnant women using Trisenox. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.

The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2-4% and of miscarriage is 15-20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.

Data

Human Data

One patient who became pregnant while receiving Trisenox had a miscarriage.

Animal Data

Studies in pregnant mice, rats, hamsters, and primates have shown that inorganic arsenicals cross the placental barrier when given orally or by injection. An increase in resorptions, neural-tube defects, anophthalmia and microphthalmia were observed in rats administered 10 mg/kg of Trisenox on gestation day 9 (approximately 10 times the recommended human daily dose on a mg/m² basis). Similar findings occurred in mice administered a 10 mg/kg dose of a related trivalent arsenic, sodium arsenite (approximately 5 times the projected human dose on a mg/m² basis), on gestation days 6, 7, 8 or 9. Intravenous injection of 2 mg/kg sodium arsenite (approximately equivalent to the projected human daily dose on a mg/m² basis) on gestation day 7 (the lowest dose tested) resulted in neural-tube defects in hamsters.

8.2 Lactation

Arsenic is excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Trisenox, discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with Trisenox.

8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

Females

Trisenox can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman . Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with Trisenox.

Males

Males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during and after treatment with Trisenox.

8.4 Pediatric Use

There are limited clinical data on the pediatric use of Trisenox. Of 5 patients below the age of 18 years (age range: 5 to 16 years) treated with Trisenox, at the recommended dose of 0.15 mg/kg/day, 3 achieved a complete response.

In an additional study, the toxicity profile observed in 13 pediatric patients with APL between the ages of 4 and 20 receiving Trisenox at 0.15 mg/kg/day was similar to that observed in adult patients [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. No children less than 4 years of age were enrolled in the trial due to the rarity of APL in this age group.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical trials of Trisenox did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Monitor elderly patients closely, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic and renal function, concomitant disease or other drug therapy in this population.

8.6 Patients with Renal Impairment

Exposure of Trisenox may be higher in patients with severe renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) should be monitored for toxicity when these patients are treated with Trisenox, and a dose reduction may be warranted.

The use of Trisenox in patients on dialysis has not been studied.

8.7 Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Since limited data are available across all hepatic impairment groups, caution is advised in the use of Trisenox in patients with hepatic impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Monitor patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) who are treated with Trisenox for toxicity.

10 OVERDOSAGE

10.1 Manifestations

Manifestations of Trisenox overdosage include convulsions, muscle weakness and confusion.

10.2 Management

If symptoms of Trisenox (arsenic trioxide) overdosage develop, the injection should be immediately discontinued and chelation therapy should be considered.

A conventional protocol for acute arsenic intoxication includes dimercaprol administered at a dose of 3 mg/kg intramuscularly every 4 hours until immediate life-threatening toxicity has subsided. Thereafter, penicillamine at a dose of 250 mg orally, up to a maximum frequency of four times per day (≤ 1 g per day), may be given.

11 DESCRIPTION

Trisenox is a sterile injectable solution of Trisenox. The molecular formula of the drug substance in the solid state is As2O3, with a molecular weight of 197.8 and has the following structural formula:

Trisenox is available in 10 mL, single-use ampules containing 10 mg of Trisenox. Trisenox is formulated as a sterile, nonpyrogenic, clear solution of Trisenox in water for injection using sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid to adjust to pH 8. Trisenox is preservative-free. Trisenox, the active ingredient, is present at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Inactive ingredients and their respective approximate concentrations are sodium hydroxide (1.2 mg/mL) and hydrochloric acid, which is used to adjust the pH to 7.5 - 8.5.

structural formula

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of Trisenox is not completely understood. Trisenox causes morphological changes and DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis in NB4 human promyelocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Trisenox also causes damage or degradation of the fusion protein promyelocytic leukemia -retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-alpha.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Cardiac Electrophysiology

A dedicated QTc study was not performed with Trisenox. However, in a single arm trial of Trisenox (0.15 mg/kg daily), 16 of 40 patients (40%) had a QTc interval greater than 500 msec. Prolongation of the QTc was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after Trisenox infusion, and then returned towards baseline by the end of 8 weeks after Trisenox infusion.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The inorganic, lyophilized form of Trisenox, when placed into solution, immediately forms the hydrolysis product arsenious acid (AsIII). AsIII is the pharmacologically active species of Trisenox. Monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) are the main pentavalent metabolites formed during metabolism, in addition to arsenic acid (AsV) a product of AsIII oxidation. The pharmacokinetics of arsenical species ([AsIII], [AsV], [MMAV], [DMAV]) were determined in 6 APL patients following once daily doses of 0.15 mg/kg for 5 days per week. Over the total single dose range of 7 to 32 mg (administered as 0.15 mg/kg), systemic exposure (AUC) appears to be linear. Peak plasma concentrations of arsenious acid (AsIII), the primary active arsenical species were reached at the end of infusion (2 hours). Plasma concentration of AsIII declined in a biphasic manner with a mean elimination half-life of 10 to 14 hours and is characterized by an initial rapid distribution phase followed by a slower terminal elimination phase. The daily exposure to AsIII (mean AUC0-24) was 194 ng·hr/mL (n=5) on Day 1 of Cycle 1 and 332 ng·hr/mL (n=6) on Day 25 of Cycle 1, which represents an approximate 2-fold accumulation. The primary pentavalent metabolites, MMAV and DMAV, are slow to appear in plasma (approximately 10-24 hours after first administration of Trisenox), but, due to their longer half-life, accumulate more upon multiple dosing than does AsIII. The mean estimated terminal elimination half-lives of the metabolites MMAV and DMAV are 32 hours and 72 hours, respectively. Approximate accumulation ranged from 1.4- to 8-fold following multiple dosing as compared to single dose administration. AsV is present in plasma only at relatively low levels.

Distribution

The volume of distribution (Vss) for AsIII is large (mean 562 L, N=10) indicating that AsIII is widely distributed throughout body tissues. Vss is also dependent on body weight and increases as body weight increases.

Metabolism

Much of the AsIII is distributed to the tissues where it is methylated to the less cytotoxic metabolites, monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) by methyltransferases primarily in the liver. The metabolism of Trisenox also involves oxidation of AsIII to AsV, which may occur in numerous tissues via enzymatic or nonenzymatic processes. AsV is present in plasma only at relatively low levels following administration of Trisenox.

Excretion

Approximately 15% of the administered Trisenox dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged AsIII. The methylated metabolites of AsIII (MMAV, DMAV) are primarily excreted in the urine. The total clearance of AsIII is 49 L/h and the renal clearance is 9 L/h. Clearance is not dependent on body weight or dose administered over the range of 7-32 mg.

Renal Impairment

The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of AsIII, AsV, and the pentavalent metabolites MMAV and DMAV was evaluated in 20 patients with advanced malignancies. Patients were classified as having normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] > 80 mL/min, n=6), mild renal impairment (CrCl 50-80 mL/min, n=5), moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30-49 mL/min, n=6), or severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min, n=3). Following twice weekly administration of 0.15 mg/kg over a 2-hour infusion, the mean AUC0-∞ for AsIII was comparable among the normal, mild and moderate renal impairment groups. However, in the severe renal impairment group, the mean AUC0-∞ for AsIII was approximately 48% higher than that in the normal group.

Systemic exposure to MMAV and DMAV tended to be larger in patients with renal impairment; however, the clinical consequences of this increased exposure are not known. AsV plasma levels were generally below the limit of assay quantitation in patients with impaired renal function . The use of Trisenox in patients on dialysis has not been studied.

Hepatic Impairment

The effect of pharmacokinetics of AsIII, AsV, and the pentavalent metabolites MMAV and DMAV was evaluated following administration of 0.25-0.50 mg/kg of Trisenox in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients were classified as having normal hepatic function (n=4), mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A, n=12), moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B, n=3), or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C, n=1). No clear trend toward an increase in systemic exposure to AsIII, AsV, MMAV or DMAV was observed with decreasing level of hepatic function as assessed by dose-normalized (per mg dose) AUC in the mild and moderate hepatic impairment groups. However, the one patient with severe hepatic impairment had mean dose-normalized AUC0‑24 and Cmax values 40% and 70% higher, respectively, than those patients with normal hepatic function. The mean dose-normalized trough plasma levels for both MMAV and DMAV in this severely hepatically impaired patient were 2.2-fold and 4.7-fold higher, respectively, than those in the patients with normal hepatic function .

Pediatric Patients

Following IV administration of 0.15 mg/kg/day of Trisenox in 10 APL patients (median age = 13.5 years, range 4-20 years), the daily exposure to AsIII (mean AUC0-24h) was 317 ng·hr/mL on Day 1 of Cycle 1 [see U se in Specific Populations (8.4)].

Drug Interactions

No formal assessments of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between Trisenox and other drugs have been conducted. The methyltransferases responsible for metabolizing Trisenox are not members of the cytochrome P450 family of isoenzymes. In vitro incubation of Trisenox with human liver microsomes showed no inhibitory activity on substrates of the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes such as 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4/5, and 4A9/11. The pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates for these CYP enzymes are not expected to be affected by concomitant treatment with Trisenox.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with Trisenox by intravenous administration .

Trisenox and trivalent arsenite salts have not been demonstrated to be mutagenic to bacteria, yeast or mammalian cells. Arsenite salts are clastogenic in vitro (human fibroblast, human lymphocytes, Chinese hamster ovary cells, Chinese hamster V79 lung cells). Trivalent arsenic produced an increase in the incidence of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in bone marrow cells of mice.

The effect of arsenic on fertility has not been adequately studied.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Trisenox has been investigated in 40 relapsed or refractory APL patients, previously treated with an anthracycline and a retinoid regimen, in an open-label, single-arm, non-comparative study. Patients received 0.15 mg/kg/day intravenously over 1 to 2 hours until the bone marrow was cleared of leukemic cells or up to a maximum of 60 days. The CR (absence of visible leukemic cells in bone marrow and peripheral recovery of platelets and white blood cells with a confirmatory bone marrow ≥ 30 days later) rate in this population of previously treated patients was 28 of 40 (70%). Among the 22 patients who had relapsed less than one year after treatment with ATRA, there were 18 complete responders (82%). Of the 18 patients receiving Trisenox ≥ one year from ATRA treatment, there were 10 complete responders (55%). The median time to bone marrow remission was 44 days and to onset of CR was 53 days. Three of 5 children, 5 years or older, achieved CR. No children less than 5 years old were treated.

Three to six weeks following bone marrow remission, 31 patients received consolidation therapy with Trisenox, at the same dose, for 25 additional days over a period up to 5 weeks. In follow-up treatment, 18 patients received further Trisenox as a maintenance course. Fifteen patients had bone marrow transplants. At last follow-up, 27 of 40 patients were alive with a median follow-up time of 484 days (range 280 to 755) and 23 of 40 patients remained in complete response with a median follow-up time of 483 days (range 280 to 755).

Cytogenetic conversion to no detection of the APL chromosome rearrangement was observed in 24 of 28 (86%) patients who met the response criteria defined above, in 5 of 5 (100%) patients who met some but not all of the response criteria, and 3 of 7 (43%) of patients who did not respond. RT-PCR conversions to no detection of the APL gene rearrangement were demonstrated in 22 of 28 (79%) of patients who met the response criteria, in 3 of 5 (60%) of patients who met some but not all of the response criteria, and in 2 of 7 (29%) of patients who did not respond.

Hyperleukocytosis (≥ 10 x 10³/uL) developed in 20 of the 40 patients treated. A relationship did not exist between baseline WBC counts and development of hyperleukocytosis nor baseline WBC counts and peak WBC counts. Hyperleukocytosis was not treated with additional chemotherapy. WBC counts during consolidation were not as high as during induction treatment.

Responses were seen across all age groups tested, ranging from 6 to 72 years. The ability to achieve a CR was similar for both genders. There were insufficient patients of Black, Hispanic or Asian derivation to estimate relative response rates in these groups, but responses were seen in members of each group.

Another single center study in 12 patients with relapsed or refractory APL, where patients received Trisenox (arsenic trioxide) injection doses generally similar to the recommended dose, had similar results with 9 of 12 (75%) patients attaining a CR.

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

16.1 How Supplied

Trisenox injection is supplied as a sterile, clear, colorless solution in 10 mL glass, single-use ampules.

NDC 63459-600-10 10 mg/10 mL (1 mg/mL) ampule in packages of ten ampules.

16.2 Storage and Handling

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15 - 30°C (59 - 86°F). Do not freeze.

Trisenox is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.1

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION



Rx only

Distributed by:

Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

North Wales, PA 19454

Trisenox is a trademark of Cephalon, Inc. or its affiliates.

©2000-2016 Cephalon, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, or its affiliates.

All rights reserved.

TRI-009

Trisenox® (arsenic trioxide) Injection 1 mg/mL, 10 x 10 mL Ampules Carton, Part 1 of 2

Trisenox® (arsenic trioxide) Injection 1 mg/mL, 10 x 10 mL Ampules Carton Text


Trisenox®

(arsenic trioxide)

injection

10 mg/10 mL (1 mg/mL)

For Intravenous Use Only

Rx only

Trisenox® (arsenic trioxide) Injection 1 mg/mL, 10 x 10 mL Ampules Carton, Part 2 of 2

Trisenox pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Trisenox available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Trisenox destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Trisenox Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Trisenox pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."TRISENOX (ARSENIC TRIOXIDE) INJECTION, SOLUTION [CEPHALON, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Trisenox?

Depending on the reaction of the Trisenox after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Trisenox not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Trisenox addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Trisenox, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Trisenox consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Visitor reported useful

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

One visitor reported price estimates

What is your opinion about drug cost? Did you feel the cost is apt, or did you feel it is expensive?
The report given by the sdrugs.com website users shows the following figures about several people who felt the medicine Trisenox is expensive, and the medicine is not expensive. The results are mixed. The perception of the cost of the medicine to be expensive or not depends on the brand name of the medicine, country, and place where it is sold, and the affordability of the patient. You can choose a generic drug in the place of the branded drug to save the cost. The efficiency of the medicine will not vary if it is generic or a branded one.
Visitors%
Expensive1
100.0%

Visitor reported frequency of use

No survey data has been collected yet

One visitor reported doses

What is the dose of Trisenox drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 1-5mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
1-5mg1
100.0%

Visitor reported time for results

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported administration

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported age

No survey data has been collected yet

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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