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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Tramadol
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Tramadol uses
Pharmacological action
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals is an opioid analgesic, a derivative of cyclohexanol. It is non-selective agonist of mu-, delta- and kappa-receptors in the CNS. Tramadol is a racemate and (-) of isomers (50% / 50%) which in various ways are involved in analgesic effects. The isomer (+) is a pure agonist opioid receptors, it has low tropism and has a pronounced selectivity for different subtypes of receptors. The isomer (-) inhibiting neuronal capture of noradrenaline activates the descending noradrenergic influence. Thats why it is broken transmission of pain impulses in the gelatinous substance of spinal cord.
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals causes sedation. At therapeutic doses this medication almost not get respiratory depression. Tramadol has also an antitussive effect.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals quickly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (90%). Cmax in plasma obtained in 2 h after taking this medication. Bioavailability in single dose is 68% and increases with repeated use.
Plasma protein binding is 20%. Tramadol is widely distributed in tissues. Vd after oral administration and intravenous injection is 306 l and 203 l respectively. This drug crosses the placental barrier in a concentration equal to the concentration of the active substance in the plasma. 0.1% is excreted in breast milk.
Tramadol metabolised by demethylation and conjugation to 11 metabolites, of which only 1 is active.
This medicine excreted by the kidneys - 90% and through the intestines - 10%.
Why is Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals prescribed?
Moderate and severe pain of various origins. Conducting painful diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Dosage and administration
A single oral dose for adults and children over 14 years is 50 mg, rectally - 100 mg, IV slowly or IM - 50-100 mg. If for parenteral injection efficiency is not enough, it is possible oral taking in a dose of 50 mg after 20-30 minutes.
For children aged 1 to 14 years set the dose rate of 1-2 mg / kg.
The duration of treatment is determined individually.
The maximum dose for adults and children over 14 years regardless of method of administration is 400 mg / day.
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals side effects, adverse reactions
CNS: dizziness, weakness, drowsiness, confusion, and in some cases - seizures and convulsions of cerebral origin.
Cardio-vascular system: tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, collapse.
Digestive system: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting.
Metabolism: increased sweating.
Musculoskeletal system: miosis.
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals contraindications
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy patients should avoid prolonged use of Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals because the risk of addiction in the fetus and the occurrence of withdrawal in the neonatal period.
If necessary using in lactation should be aware that Tramadol in small amounts excreted in breast milk. In the case of long-term treatment can not been excluded the possibility of drug dependence.
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals is not recommended for treatment of withdrawal syndrome drugs.
Patients need to avoid combination with MAO inhibitors.
During the period of treatment with Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals you should avoid to take alcohol.
Tramadol in the form of long-acting formulations should not be used in children under the age of 14 years.
During the period of Tramadol using is not recommended to engage in activities that require special attention, speed of psychomotor reactions.
Special instructions
With caution Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals should be used in convulsions of central genesis of drug dependence, confusion, patients with impaired renal function and liver, as well as increased sensitivity to other opioid receptor agonists.
Tramadol should not be used beyond the period justified from a therapeutic point of view.
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals drug interactions
Simultaneous administration of Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals with:
Tramadol Karnataka Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: respiratory depression, until apnea, seizures, Pupillary, anuria, coma.
Treatment: IV injection of naloxone (a specific antagonist), gastric lavage, maintenance of vital functions.
Tramadol pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Tramadol available forms, composition, doses:
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.