Toscal Tablets

Carbinoxamine Maleate:

• Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) reviews

Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) is a first generation antihistamine that competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. The product label for Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) as an over the counter cough and cold medicine is being modified to state “do not use” in children under 4 years of age in order to prevent and reduce misuse, as many unapproved carbinoxamine-containing preparations contained inappropriate labeling, which promoted unapproved uses (including management of congestion, cough, the common cold, and the use in children under 2 years of age), which can potentially cause serious health risks.

Indication: For symptomatic relief of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis, as well as allergic conjunctivitis caused by foods and inhaled allergens. Also for the relief of allergic reactions to blood or plasma, and the symptomatic management of mild, uncomplicated allergic skin manifestations of urticaria and angioedema.

Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) is a first generation antihistamine of the ethanolamine class. Ethanolamine antihistamines have significant antimuscarinic activity and produce marked sedation in most patients. In addition to the usual allergic symptoms, the drug also treats irritant cough and nausea, vomiting, and vertigo associated with motion sickness. It also is used commonly to treat drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms as well as to treat mild cases of Parkinson's disease. Rather than preventing the release of histamine, as do cromolyn and nedocromil, Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate) competitively antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. Ethanolamine derivatives have greater anticholinergic activity than do other antihistamines, which probably accounts for the antidyskinetic action of Toscal Tablets (Carbinoxamine Maleate).

Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Toscal Tablets prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) side effects, adverse reactions
• Toscal Tablets contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Toscal Tablets drug interactions
• Toscal Tablets in case of emergency / overdose
• Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) reviews

Pharmacological action

Toscal Tablets is an antitussive medication. Inhibiting the excitability of the cough center this medicine suppresses the cough of any origin. Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) has not addiction effects and it has no analgesic and hypnotic action. Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) starts to act after 10-30 minutes after oral administration, the duration of therapeutic action: 5-6 hours for adults and 6-9 hours for children. Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) is an optical isomer of levomethorphan which is similar to morphine. Due to optical isomerism this drug has no opioid effects. Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) used mainly for replacement of codeine as a cough suppressant. In addition to the cough suppressant this medication is used in medicine for diagnostic purposes and may be useful in various cases - from seizures to heroin addiction treatment, some chronic neurodegenerative diseases. These include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Charcot's disease), disease of "mad cow and other prion diseases. Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) has also been used for the treatment of mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, in the treatment of lung and other cancers and to prevent tissue rejection in transplantation because of the (poorly known) effects of sigma ligands on tumor cells and immune system.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. C_max of Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) in plasma is reached after 2 h. This medication biotransformes in the liver. Up to 45% of this drug is excreted by kidneys and there was considerable individual variation in rates of excretion of individual metabolites.

Why is Toscal Tablets prescribed?

Dry cough of different etiology.

Dosage and administration

For adults and children over 12 years Toscal Tablets prescribed on 15 mg 4 times / day, children aged 6 years - 7.5 mg 4 times / day.

Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) side effects, adverse reactions

Drowsiness, nausea, dizziness.

Toscal Tablets contraindications

Bronchial asthma, bronchitis, simultaneous reception of mucolytic.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) prescribed with caution, only in cases where the expected therapeutic effect for the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or child.

Special instructions

With carefully administered Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) with impaired liver function.

Toscal Tablets drug interactions

MAO inhibitors (including furazolidone, procarbazine, selegiline) when administered simultaneous with Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) may cause adrenergic crisis, collapse, coma, dizziness, agitation, increased blood pressure, hyperpyrexia, intracranial hemorrhage, lethargy, nausea, cramps, tremor. In combination with tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, etc.) Toscal Tablets (Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide) may appeal serotonin syndrome and possible subsequent death. Amiodarone, fluoxetine, quinidine, inhibiting system cytochrome P450, may increase the drug concentration in the blood. Tobacco smoke can lead to increased secretion of glands in the background of inhibition of cough reflex. Some inhibitors of CYP450 (such as quinidine) increase and extended effects of this medicine.

Toscal Tablets in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: excitement, dizziness, respiratory depression, impaired consciousness, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, muscle hypertonicity, ataxia.

Treatment: mechanical ventilation, symptomatic agents.