Terol

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Terol uses


DESCRIPTION

Terol tablets contain Terol. The active moiety, tolterodine, is a muscarinic receptor antagonist. The chemical name of Terol is (R)-2-[3-[bis(1-methylethyl)-amino]1-phenylpropyl]-4-methylphenol [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1) (salt). The empirical formula of Terol is C26H37NO7, and its molecular weight is 475.6. The structural formula of Terol is represented below:

Terol is a white, crystalline powder. The pKa value is 9.87 and the solubility in water is 12 mg/mL. It is soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, and practically insoluble in toluene. The partition coefficient (Log D) between n-octanol and water is 1.83 at pH 7.3.

Terol tablets for oral administration contain 1 or 2 mg of Terol. The inactive ingredients are colloidal anhydrous silica, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, cellulose microcrystalline, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate (pH 3.0 to 5.0), stearic acid, and titanium dioxide.

Chemical Structure

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Tolterodine is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist. Both urinary bladder contraction and salivation are mediated via cholinergic muscarinic receptors.

After oral administration, tolterodine is metabolized in the liver, resulting in the formation of the 5-hydroxymethyl derivative, a major pharmacologically active metabolite. The 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite, which exhibits an antimuscarinic activity similar to that of tolterodine, contributes significantly to the therapeutic effect. Both tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite exhibit a high specificity for muscarinic receptors, since both show negligible activity or affinity for other neurotransmitter receptors and other potential cellular targets, such as calcium channels.

Tolterodine has a pronounced effect on bladder function. Effects on urodynamic parameters before and 1 and 5 hours after a single 6.4 mg dose of tolterodine immediate release were determined in healthy volunteers. The main effects of tolterodine at 1 and 5 hours were an increase in residual urine, reflecting an incomplete emptying of the bladder, and a decrease in detrusor pressure. These findings are consistent with an antimuscarinic action on the lower urinary tract.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

In a study with 14C-tolterodine solution in healthy volunteers who received a 5-mg oral dose, at least 77% of the radiolabeled dose was absorbed. Tolterodine immediate release is rapidly absorbed, and maximum serum concentrations typically occur within 1 to 2 hours after dose administration. Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) determined after dosage of tolterodine immediate release are dose-proportional over the range of 1 to 4 mg.

Effect of Food

Food intake increases the bioavailability of tolterodine (average increase 53%), but does not affect the levels of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in extensive metabolizers. This change is not expected to be a safety concern and adjustment of dose is not needed.

Distribution

Tolterodine is highly bound to plasma proteins, primarily α1-acid glycoprotein. Unbound concentrations of tolterodine average 3.7% ± 0.13% over the concentration range achieved in clinical studies. The 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite is not extensively protein bound, with unbound fraction concentrations averaging 36% ± 4.0%. The blood to serum ratio of tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite averages 0.6 and 0.8, respectively, indicating that these compounds do not distribute extensively into erythrocytes. The volume of distribution of tolterodine following administration of a 1.28-mg intravenous dose is 113 ± 26.7 L.

Metabolism

Tolterodine is extensively metabolized by the liver following oral dosing. The primary metabolic route involves the oxidation of the 5-methyl group and is mediated by the cytochrome P450 2D6 and leads to the formation of a pharmacologically active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite. Further metabolism leads to formation of the 5-carboxylic acid and N-dealkylated 5-carboxylic acid metabolites, which account for 51% ± 14% and 29% ± 6.3% of the metabolites recovered in the urine, respectively.

Variability in Metabolism

A subset (about 7%) of the population is devoid of CYP2D6, the enzyme responsible for the formation of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite of tolterodine. The identified pathway of metabolism for these individuals ("poor metabolizers") is dealkylation via cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) to N-dealkylated tolterodine. The remainder of the population is referred to as "extensive metabolizers." Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that tolterodine is metabolized at a slower rate in poor metabolizers than in extensive metabolizers; this results in significantly higher serum concentrations of tolterodine and in negligible concentrations of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite.

Excretion

Following administration of a 5-mg oral dose of 14C-tolterodine solution to healthy volunteers, 77% of radioactivity was recovered in urine and 17% was recovered in feces in 7 days. Less than 1% of the dose was recovered as intact tolterodine, and 5% to 14% (<1% in poor metabolizers) was recovered as the active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite.

A summary of mean (± standard deviation) pharmacokinetic parameters of tolterodine immediate release and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in extensive (EM) and poor (PM) metabolizers is provided in Table 1. These data were obtained following single and multiple doses of tolterodine 4 mg administered twice daily to 16 healthy male volunteers (8 EM, 8 PM).

Tolterodine 5-Hydroxymethyl Metabolite
Phenotype

(CYP2D6)

tmax

(h)

Cmax Parameter was dose-normalized from 4 mg to 2 mg.

(µg/L)

Cavg

(µg/L)

t1/2

(h)

CL/F

(L/h)

tmax

(h)

Cmax

(µg/L)

Cavg

(µg/L)

t1/2

(h)

Cmax = Maximum plasma concentration; tmax = Time of occurrence of Cmax;

Cavg = Average plasma concentration; t1/2 = Terminal elimination half-life; CL/F = Apparent oral clearance.

EM = Extensive metabolizers; PM = Poor metabolizers.

Single-dose
EM 1.6±1.5 1.6±1.2 0.50±0.35 2.0±0.7 534±697 1.8±1.4 1.8±0.7 0.62±0.26 3.1±0.7
PM 1.4±0.5 10±4.9 8.3±4.3 6.5±1.6 17±7.3 -- = not applicable. - - -
Multiple-dose
EM 1.2±0.5 2.6±2.8 0.58±0.54 2.2±0.4 415±377 1.2±0.5 2.4±1.3 0.92±0.46 2.9±0.4
PM 1.9±1.0 19±7.5 12±5.1 9.6±1.5 11±4.2 - - - -

Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations

Age

In Phase 1, multiple-dose studies in which tolterodine immediate release 4 mg was administered, serum concentrations of tolterodine and of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite were similar in healthy elderly volunteers (aged 64 through 80 years) and healthy young volunteers (aged less than 40 years). In another Phase 1 study, elderly volunteers (aged 71 through 81 years) were given tolterodine immediate release 2 or 4 mg (1 or 2 mg bid). Mean serum concentrations of tolterodine and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite in these elderly volunteers were approximately 20% and 50% higher, respectively, than reported in young healthy volunteers. However, no overall differences were observed in safety between older and younger patients on tolterodine in Phase 3, 12-week, controlled clinical studies; therefore, no tolterodine dosage adjustment for elderly patients is recommended (see PRECAUTIONS, Geriatric Use ).

Pediatric

The pharmacokinetics of tolterodine have not been established in pediatric patients.

Gender

The pharmacokinetics of tolterodine immediate release and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite are not influenced by gender. Mean Cmax of tolterodine and the active 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite (2.2 µg/L in males versus 2.5 µg/L in females) are similar in males and females who were administered tolterodine immediate release 2 mg. Mean AUC values of tolterodine (6.7 µg∙h/L in males versus 7.8 µg∙h/L in females) and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite (10 µg∙h/L in males versus 11 µg∙h/L in females) are also similar. The elimination half-life of tolterodine for both males and females is 2.4 hours, and the half-life of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite is 3.0 hours in females and 3.3 hours in males.

Race

Pharmacokinetic differences due to race have not been established.

Renal Insufficiency

Renal impairment can significantly alter the disposition of tolterodine immediate release and its metabolites. In a study conducted in patients with creatinine clearance between 10 and 30 mL/min, tolterodine immediate release and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite levels were approximately 2–3 fold higher in patients with renal impairment than in healthy volunteers. Exposure levels of other metabolites of tolterodine were significantly higher (10–30 fold) in renally impaired patients as compared to the healthy volunteers. The recommended dosage for patients with significantly reduced renal function is tolterodine tartrate 1 mg twice daily (see PRECAUTIONS, General and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Hepatic Insufficiency

Liver impairment can significantly alter the disposition of tolterodine immediate release. In a study conducted in cirrhotic patients, the elimination half-life of tolterodine immediate release was longer in cirrhotic patients (mean, 7.8 hours) than in healthy, young, and elderly volunteers (mean, 2 to 4 hours). The clearance of orally administered tolterodine was substantially lower in cirrhotic patients (1.0 ± 1.7 L/h/kg) than in the healthy volunteers (5.7 ± 3.8 L/h/kg). The recommended dose for patients with significantly reduced hepatic function is Terol 1 mg twice daily (see PRECAUTIONS, General and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Drug-Drug Interactions

Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6 activity. In a study to assess the effect of fluoxetine on the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine immediate release and its metabolites, it was observed that fluoxetine significantly inhibited the metabolism of tolterodine immediate release in extensive metabolizers, resulting in a 4.8-fold increase in tolterodine AUC. There was a 52% decrease in Cmax and a 20% decrease in AUC of the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite. Fluoxetine thus alters the pharmacokinetics in patients who would otherwise be extensive metabolizers of tolterodine immediate release to resemble the pharmacokinetic profile in poor metabolizers. The sums of unbound serum concentrations of tolterodine immediate release and the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite are only 25% higher during the interaction. No dose adjustment is required when Terol and fluoxetine are coadministered.

Other Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes

Tolterodine immediate release does not cause clinically significant interactions with other drugs metabolized by the major drug metabolizing CYP enzymes. In vivo drug-interaction data show that tolterodine immediate release does not result in clinically relevant inhibition of CYP1A2, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, or 3A4 as evidenced by lack of influence on the marker drugs caffeine, debrisoquine, S-warfarin, and omeprazole. In vitro data show that tolterodine immediate release is a competitive inhibitor of CYP2D6 at high concentrations, while tolterodine immediate release as well as the 5-hydroxymethyl metabolite are devoid of any significant inhibitory potential regarding the other isoenzymes.

CYP3A4 Inhibitors

The effect of 200 mg daily dose of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of tolterodine immediate release was studied in 8 healthy volunteers, all of whom were poor metabolizers (see Pharmacokinetics, Variability in Metabolism for discussion of poor metabolizers). In the presence of ketoconazole, the mean Cmax and AUC of tolterodine increased by 2 and 2.5 fold, respectively. Based on these findings, other potent CYP3A inhibitors such as other azole antifungals (eg, itraconazole, miconazole) or macrolide antibiotics (eg, erythromycin, clarithromycin) or cyclosporine or vinblastine may also lead to increases of tolterodine plasma concentrations (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Warfarin

In healthy volunteers, coadministration of tolterodine immediate release 4 mg for 7 days and a single dose of warfarin 25 mg on day 4 had no effect on prothrombin time, Factor VII suppression, or on the pharmacokinetics of warfarin.

Oral Contraceptives

Tolterodine immediate release 4 mg (2 mg bid) had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive (ethinyl estradiol 30 µg/levonorgestrel 150 µg) as evidenced by the monitoring of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel over a 2-month cycle in healthy female volunteers.

Diuretics

Coadministration of tolterodine immediate release up to 8 mg for up to 12 weeks with diuretic agents, such as indapamide, hydrochlorothiazide, triamterene, bendroflumethiazide, chlorothiazide, methylchlorothiazide, or furosemide, did not cause any adverse electrocardiographic (ECG) effects.

Cardiac Electrophysiology

The effect of 2 mg BID and 4 mg BID of tolterodine immediate release (IR) on the QT interval was evaluated in a 4-way crossover, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg QD) study in healthy male (N=25) and female (N=23) volunteers aged 18–55 years. Study subjects [approximately equal representation of CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs)] completed sequential 4-day periods of dosing with moxifloxacin 400 mg QD, tolterodine 2 mg BID, tolterodine 4 mg BID, and placebo. The 4 mg BID dose of tolterodine IR (two times the highest recommended dose) was chosen because this dose results in tolterodine exposure similar to that observed upon coadministration of tolterodine 2 mg BID with potent CYP3A4 inhibitors in patients who are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions ). QT interval was measured over a 12-hour period following dosing, including the time of peak plasma concentration (Tmax) of tolterodine and at steady state (Day 4 of dosing).

Table 2 summarizes the mean change from baseline to steady state in corrected QT interval (QTc) relative to placebo at the time of peak tolterodine (1 hour) and moxifloxacin (2 hour) concentrations. Both Fridericia's (QTcF) and a population-specific (QTcP) method were used to correct QT interval for heart rate. No single QT correction method is known to be more valid than others. QT interval was measured manually and by machine, and data from both are presented. The mean increase of heart rate associated with a 4 mg/day dose of tolterodine in this study was 2.0 beats/minute and 6.3 beats/minute with 8 mg/day tolterodine. The change in heart rate with moxifloxacin was 0.5 beats/minute.

Drug/Dose N QTcF

(msec)

(manual)

QTcF

(msec)

(machine)

QTcP

(msec)

(manual)

QTcP

(msec)

(machine)

Tolterodine 2 mg BIDAt Tmax of 1 hr; 95% Confidence Interval 48 5.01

(0.28, 9.74)

1.16

(-2.99, 5.30)

4.45

(-0.37, 9.26)

2.00

(-1.81, 5.81)

Tolterodine 4 mg BID 48 11.84

(7.11, 16.58)

5.63

(1.48, 9.77)

10.31

(5.49, 15.12)

8.34

(4.53, 12.15)

Moxifloxacin 400 mg QD At Tmax of 2 hr; 90% Confidence Interval 45 19.26The effect on QT interval with 4 days of moxifloxacin dosing in this QT trial may be greater than typically observed in QT trials of other drugs.

(15.49, 23.03)

8.90

(4.77, 13.03)

19.10

(15.32, 22.89)

9.29

(5.34, 13.24)


The reason for the difference between machine and manual read of QT interval is unclear.

The QT effect of tolterodine immediate release tablets appeared greater for 8 mg/day (two times the therapeutic dose) compared to 4 mg/day. The effect of tolterodine 8 mg/day was not as large as that observed after four days of therapeutic dosing with the active control moxifloxacin. However, the confidence intervals overlapped.

Tolterodine's effect on QT interval was found to correlate with plasma concentration of tolterodine. There appeared to be a greater QTc interval increase in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers than in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers after tolterodine treatment in this study.

This study was not designed to make direct statistical comparisons between drugs or dose levels. There has been no association of Torsade de Pointes in the international post-marketing experience with Terol tablets or DETROL® LA (tolterodine tartrate extended release capsules) (see PRECAUTIONS, Patients with Congenital or Acquired QT Prolongation ).

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CLINICAL STUDIES

Terol tablets were evaluated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency in four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week studies. A total of 853 patients received Terol 2 mg twice daily and 685 patients received placebo. The majority of patients were Caucasian (95%) and female (78%), with a mean age of 60 years (range, 19 to 93 years). At study entry, nearly all patients perceived they had urgency and most patients had increased frequency of micturitions and urge incontinence. These characteristics were well balanced across treatment groups for the studies.

The efficacy endpoints for study 007 included the change from baseline for:


The efficacy endpoints for studies 008, 009, and 010 were identical to the above endpoints with the exception that the number of incontinence episodes was per 24 hours (averaged over 7 days).

Terol (SD)

N=514

Placebo

(SD)

N=508

Difference

(95% CI)

SD = Standard Deviation.
Number of Incontinence Episodes per Week
Mean baseline 23.2 23.3
Mean change from baseline -10.6 (17) -6.9 (15) -3.7 (-5.7, -1.6)
Number of Micturitions per 24 Hours
Mean baseline 11.1 11.3
Mean change from baseline -1.7 (3.3) -1.2 (2.9) -0.5The difference between Terol and placebo was statistically significant. (-0.9, -0.1)
Volume Voided per Micturition (mL)
Mean baseline 137 136
Mean change from baseline 29 (47) 14 (41) 15 (9, 21)
Study Tolterodine

Tartrate (SD)

Placebo

(SD)

Difference

(95% CI)

SD = Standard Deviation.
Number of Incontinence Episodes per 24 Hours
008 Number of patients 93 40
Mean baseline 2.9 3.3
Mean change from baseline -1.3 (3.2) -0.9 (1.5) 0.5 (-1.3,0.3)
009 Number of patients 116 55
Mean baseline 3.6 3.5
Mean change from baseline -1.7 (2.5) -1.3 (2.5) -0.4 (-1.0,0.2)
010 Number of patients 90 50
Mean baseline 3.7 3.5
Mean change from baseline -1.6 (2.4) -1.1 (2.1) -0.5 (-1.1,0.1)
Number of Micturitions per 24 Hours
008 Number of patients 118 56
Mean baseline 11.5 11.7
Mean change from baseline -2.7 (3.8) -1.6 (3.6) -1.2The difference between Terol and placebo was statistically significant. (-2.0,-0.4)
009 Number of patients 128 64
Mean baseline 11.2 11.3
Mean change from baseline -2.3 (2.1) -1.4 (2.8) -0.9 (-1.5,-0.3)
010 Number of patients 108 56
Mean baseline 11.6 11.6
Mean change from baseline -1.7 (2.3) -1.4 (2.8) -0.38 (-1.1,0.3)
Volume Voided per Micturition (mL)
008 Number of patients 118 56
Mean baseline 166 157
Mean change from baseline 38 (54) 6 (42) 32 (18,46)
009 Number of patients 129 64
Mean baseline 155 158
Mean change from baseline 36 (50) 10 (47) 26 (14,38)
010 Number of patients 108 56
Mean baseline 155 160
Mean change from baseline 31 (45) 13 (52) 18 (4,32)
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INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Terol tablets are indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Terol tablets are contraindicated in patients with urinary retention, gastric retention, or uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma. Terol is also contraindicated in patients who have demonstrated hypersensitivity to the drug or its ingredients, or to Fesoterodine fumarate extended-release tablets which, like Terol, are metabolized to 5- hydroxymethyl tolterodine.

WARNINGS

Anaphylaxis and angioedema requiring hospitalization and emergency medical treatment have occurred with the first or subsequent doses of Terol. In the event of difficulty in breathing, upper airway obstruction, or fall in blood pressure, Terol should be discontinued and appropriate therapy promptly provided.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Risk of Urinary Retention and Gastric Retention

Terol tablets should be administered with caution to patients with clinically significant bladder outflow obstruction because of the risk of urinary retention and to patients with gastrointestinal obstructive disorders, such as pyloric stenosis, because of the risk of gastric retention.

Decreased Gastrointestinal Motility

Terol, like other antimuscarinic drugs, should be used with caution in patients with decreased gastrointestinal motility.

Controlled Narrow-Angle Glaucoma

Terol should be used with caution in patients being treated for narrow-angle glaucoma.

Central Nervous System Effects

Terol is associated with anticholinergic central nervous system (CNS) effects including dizziness and somnolence. Patients should be monitored for signs of anticholinergic CNS effects, particularly after beginning treatment or increasing the dose. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the drug's effects have been determined. If a patient experiences anticholinergic CNS effects, dose reduction or drug discontinuation should be considered.

Reduced Hepatic and Renal Function

For patients with significantly reduced hepatic function or renal function, the recommended dose of Terol is 1 mg twice daily.

Myasthenia Gravis

Terol should be used with caution in patients with myasthenia gravis, a disease characterized by decreased cholinergic activity at the neuromuscular junction.

Patients with Congenital or Acquired QT Prolongation

In a study of the effect of tolterodine immediate release tablets on the QT interval, the effect on the QT interval appeared greater for 8 mg/day (two times the therapeutic dose) compared to 4 mg/day and was more pronounced in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PM) than extensive metabolizers (EMs). The effect of tolterodine 8 mg/day was not as large as that observed after four days of therapeutic dosing with the active control moxifloxacin. However, the confidence intervals overlapped. These observations should be considered in clinical decisions to prescribe Terol for patients with a known history of QT prolongation or patients who are taking Class IA (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmic medications (see PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions ). There has been no association of Torsade de Pointes in the international post-marketing experience with Terol tablets or DETROL LA.

Information for Patients

Patients should be informed that antimuscarinic agents such as Terol may produce the following effects: blurred vision, dizziness, or drowsiness. Patients should be advised to exercise caution in decisions to engage in potentially dangerous activities until the drug's effects have been determined.

Drug Interactions

CYP3A4 Inhibitors

Ketoconazole, an inhibitor of the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4, significantly increased plasma concentrations of tolterodine when coadministered to subjects who were poor metabolizers. For patients receiving ketoconazole or other potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as other azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, miconazole) or macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin, clarithromycin) or cyclosporine or vinblastine, the recommended dose of Terol is 1 mg twice daily (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Drug-Laboratory-Test Interactions

Interactions between tolterodine and laboratory tests have not been studied.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies with tolterodine were conducted in mice and rats. At the maximum tolerated dose in mice, female rats (20 mg/kg/day), and male rats (30 mg/kg/day), AUC values obtained for tolterodine were 355, 291, and 462 µg∙h/L, respectively. In comparison, the human AUC value for a 2-mg dose administered twice daily is estimated at 34 µg∙h/L. Thus, tolterodine exposure in the carcinogenicity studies was 9- to 14-fold higher than expected in humans. No increase in tumors was found in either mice or rats.

No mutagenic effects of tolterodine were detected in a battery of in vitro tests, including bacterial mutation assays (Ames test) in 4 strains of Salmonella typhimurium and in 2 strains of Escherichia coli, a gene mutation assay in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells, and chromosomal aberration tests in human lymphocytes. Tolterodine was also negative in vivo in the bone marrow micronucleus test in the mouse.

In female mice treated for 2 weeks before mating and during gestation with 20 mg/kg/day (corresponding to AUC value of about 500 µg∙h/L), neither effects on reproductive performance or fertility were seen. Based on AUC values, the systemic exposure was about 15-fold higher in animals than in humans. In male mice, a dose of 30 mg/kg/day did not induce any adverse effects on fertility.

Pregnancy

Tolterodine, administered at oral doses of 20 mg/kg/day (approximately 14 times the human exposure), showed no anomalies or malformations in mice. When given at doses of 30 to 40 mg/kg/day, tolterodine has been shown to be embryolethal, reduce fetal weight, and increase the incidence of fetal abnormalities (cleft palate, digital abnormalities, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, and various skeletal abnormalities, primarily reduced ossification) in mice. At these doses, the AUC values were about 20- to 25-fold higher than in humans. Rabbits treated subcutaneously at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg/day achieved an AUC of 100 µg∙h/L, which is about 3-fold higher than that resulting from the human dose. This dose did not result in any embryotoxicity or teratogenicity. There are no studies of tolterodine in pregnant women. Therefore, Terol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit for the mother justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

Tolterodine is excreted into the milk in mice. Offspring of female mice treated with tolterodine 20 mg/kg/day during the lactation period had slightly reduced body weight gain. The offspring regained the weight during the maturation phase. It is not known whether tolterodine is excreted in human milk; therefore, Terol should not be administered during nursing. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue Terol in nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

Efficacy in the pediatric population has not been demonstrated.

Two pediatric phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 12-week studies were conducted using Terol extended release capsules. A total of 710 pediatric patients (486 on DETROL LA and 224 on placebo) aged 5–10 years with urinary frequency and urge urinary incontinence were studied. The percentage of patients with urinary tract infections was higher in patients treated with DETROL LA (6.6%) compared to patients who received placebo (4.5%). Aggressive, abnormal and hyperactive behavior and attention disorders occurred in 2.9% of children treated with DETROL LA compared to 0.9% of children treated with placebo.

Geriatric Use

Of the 1120 patients who were treated in the four Phase 3, 12-week clinical studies of tolterodine, tartrate 474 (42%) were 65 to 91 years of age. No overall differences in safety were observed between the older and younger patients (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations ).

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ADVERSE REACTIONS

The Phase 2 and 3 clinical trial program for Terol tablets included 3071 patients who were treated with Terol or placebo (N=938). The patients were treated with 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg/day for up to 12 months. No differences in the safety profile of tolterodine were identified based on age, gender, race, or metabolism.

The data described below reflect exposure to Terol 2 mg bid in 986 patients and to placebo in 683 patients exposed for 12 weeks in five Phase 3, controlled clinical studies. Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does, however, provide a basis for identifying the adverse events that appear to be related to drug use and approximating rates.

Sixty-six percent of patients receiving Terol 2 mg bid reported adverse events versus 56% of placebo patients. The most common adverse events reported by patients receiving Terol were dry mouth, headache, constipation, vertigo/dizziness, and abdominal pain. Dry mouth, constipation, abnormal vision (accommodation abnormalities), urinary retention, and xerophthalmia are expected side effects of antimuscarinic agents.

Dry mouth was the most frequently reported adverse event for patients treated with Terol 2 mg bid in the Phase 3 clinical studies, occurring in 34.8% of patients treated with Terol and 9.8% of placebo-treated patients. One percent of patients treated with Terol discontinued treatment due to dry mouth.

The frequency of discontinuation due to adverse events was highest during the first 4 weeks of treatment. Seven percent of patients treated with Terol 2 mg bid discontinued treatment due to adverse events versus 6% of placebo patients. The most common adverse events leading to discontinuation of Terol were dizziness and headache.

Three percent of patients treated with Terol 2 mg bid reported a serious adverse event versus 4% of placebo patients. Significant ECG changes in QT and QTc have not been demonstrated in clinical-study patients treated with Terol 2 mg bid. Table 5 lists the adverse events reported in 1% or more of the patients treated with Terol 2 mg bid in the 12-week studies. The adverse events are reported regardless of causality.

Body System Adverse Event % Terol

N=986

% Placebo

N=683

Autonomic Nervous accommodation abnormal 2 1
dry mouth 35 10
General chest pain 2 1
fatigue 4 3
headache 7 5
influenza-like symptoms 3 2
Central/Peripheral Nervous vertigo/dizziness 5 3
Gastrointestinal abdominal pain 5 3
constipation 7 4
diarrhea 4 3
dyspepsia 4 1
Urinary dysuria 2 1
Skin/Appendages dry skin 1 0
Musculoskeletal arthralgia 2 1
Vision xerophthalmia 3 2
Psychiatric somnolence 3 2
Metabolic/Nutritional weight gain 1 0
Resistance Mechanism infection 1 0

Post-marketing Surveillance

The following events have been reported in association with tolterodine use in worldwide post-marketing experience: General: anaphylaxis and angioedema; Cardiovascular: tachycardia, palpitations, peripheral edema; Central/Peripheral Nervous: confusion, disorientation, memory impairment, hallucinations.

Reports of aggravation of symptoms of dementia (e.g. confusion, disorientation, delusion) have been reported after tolterodine therapy was initiated in patients taking cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of dementia.

Because these spontaneously reported events are from the worldwide post-marketing experience, the frequency of events and the role of tolterodine in their causation cannot be reliably determined.

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OVERDOSAGE

A 27-month-old child who ingested 5 to 7 Terol tablets 2 mg was treated with a suspension of activated charcoal and was hospitalized overnight with symptoms of dry mouth. The child fully recovered.

Management of Overdosage

Overdosage with Terol can potentially result in severe central anticholinergic effects and should be treated accordingly.

ECG monitoring is recommended in the event of overdosage. In dogs, changes in the QT interval (slight prolongation of 10% to 20%) were observed at a suprapharmacologic dose of 4.5 mg/kg, which is about 68 times higher than the recommended human dose. In clinical trials of normal volunteers and patients, QT interval prolongation was observed with tolterodine immediate release at doses up to 8 mg (4 mg bid) and higher doses were not evaluated (see PRECAUTIONS, Patients with Congenital or Acquired QT Prolongation ).

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The initial recommended dose of Terol tablets is 2 mg twice daily. The dose may be lowered to 1 mg twice daily based on individual response and tolerability. For patients with significantly reduced hepatic or renal function or who are currently taking drugs that are potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, the recommended dose of Terol is 1 mg twice daily (see PRECAUTIONS, General, PRECAUTIONS, Reduced Hepatic and Renal Function and PRECAUTIONS, Drug Interactions ).

HOW SUPPLIED

Terol tablets 1 mg (white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets engraved with arcs above and below the letters "TO") and Terol tablets 2 mg (white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets engraved with arcs above and below the letters "DT") are supplied as follows:

Bottles of 60

1 mg NDC 0093-2056-06
2 mg NDC 0093-2055-06

Bottles of 500

1 mg NDC 0093-2056-05
2 mg NDC 0093-2055-05

Unit Dose Pack of 140

1 mg NDC 0093-2056-42
2 mg NDC 0093-2055-42

Store at 25ºC (77ºF); excursions permitted to 15–30ºC (59–86ºF). (DTL)

Manufactured For: TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, Sellersville, PA 18960

By Pfizer Inc, New York, NY 10017

LAB-0601-3.0

June 2017

PATIENT INFORMATION

Terol

(tolterodine tartrate tablets)

Read the Patient Information that comes with Terol before you start using it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This leaflet does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your condition or your treatment. Only your doctor can determine if treatment with Terol is right for you.

What is Terol?

Terol is a prescription medicine for adults used to treat the following symptoms due to a condition called overactive bladder:


DETROL LA (tolterodine tartrate extended release capsules) did not help the symptoms of overactive bladder when studied in children.

What is overactive bladder?

Overactive bladder happens when you cannot control your bladder muscle. When the muscle contracts too often or cannot be controlled, you get symptoms of overactive bladder, which are leakage of urine (urge urinary incontinence), needing to urinate right away (urgency), and needing to urinate often (frequency).

Who should not take Terol?

Do not take Terol if you:


What should I tell my doctor before starting Terol?

Before starting Terol, tell your doctor about all of your medical and other conditions that may affect the use of Terol, including:


Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Other medicines can affect how your body handles Terol. Your doctor may use a lower dose of Terol if you are taking:


Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of these medicines, if you are not sure.

Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them with you to show your doctor or pharmacist each time you get a new medicine.

How should I take Terol?


What should I avoid while taking Terol?

Medicines like Terol can cause blurred vision, dizziness, and drowsiness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how Terol affects you.

What are possible side effects of Terol?

Terol may cause allergic reactions that may be serious. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include swelling of the face, lips, throat or tongue. If you experience these symptoms, you should stop taking Terol and get emergency medical help right away.

The most common side effects with Terol are:


Tell your doctor if you have any side effects that bother you or that do not go away.

These are not all the side effects with Terol. For a complete list, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How do I store Terol?


Keep Terol and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General Information about Terol

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for conditions that are not mentioned in the patient information leaflet. Only use Terol the way your doctor tells you. Do not give Terol to other people even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.

This leaflet summarizes the most important information about Terol. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about Terol that is written for health professionals. You can call 1-888-838-2872.

What are the ingredients in Terol?

Active ingredients: Terol

Inactive ingredients: colloidal anhydrous silica, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, cellulose microcrystalline, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycolate (pH 3.0 to 5.0), stearic acid, and titanium dioxide.

Manufactured For: TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, Sellersville, PA 18960

By Pfizer Inc, New York, NY 10017

August 2012

LAB-0611-2.0

Registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

NDC 0093-2056-06

TOLTERODINE

TARTRATE

Tablets

1 mg

Rx only

60 TABLETS

TEVA

NDC 0093-2056-05

TOLTERODINE

TARTRATE

Tablets

1 mg

Rx only

500 TABLETS

TEVA

NDC 0093-2055-06

TOLTERODINE

TARTRATE

Tablets

2 mg

Rx only

60 TABLETS

TEVA

NDC 0093-2055-05

TOLTERODINE

TARTRATE

Tablets

2 mg

Rx only

500 TABLETS

TEVA

Terol pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Terol available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Terol destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Terol Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Terol pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."TOLTERODINE TARTRATE TABLET, FILM COATED [TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA INC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."TOLTERODINE TARTRATE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "tolterodine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Terol?

Depending on the reaction of the Terol after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Terol not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Terol addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Terol, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Terol consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Visitor reported useful

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported price estimates

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported frequency of use

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported doses

No survey data has been collected yet

One visitor reported time for results

What is the time duration Terol drug must be taken for it to be effective or for it to reduce the symptoms?
Most chronic conditions need at least some time so the dose and the drug action gets adjusted to the body to get the desired effect. The stastistics say sdrugs.com website users needed 1 day to notice the result from using Terol drug. The time needed to show improvement in health condition after using the medicine Terol need not be same for all the users. It varies based on other factors.
Visitors%
1 day1
100.0%

Visitor reported administration

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported age

No survey data has been collected yet

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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