Spectramin Chelate

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Spectramin Chelate uses

Spectramin Chelate consists of Calcium (Calcium Proteinate), Chromium (Chromium Proteinate), Copper (Copper Proteinate), Iodine (Potassium Iodide), Iron (Ferrous Proteinate), Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate), Manganese (Manganese Proteinate), Molybdenum (Molybdenum Proteinate), Phosphorus (Phosphorus Proteinate), Potassium (Potassium Proteinate), Selenium (Selenium Proteinate), Zinc (Zinc Proteinate).

Calcium (Calcium Proteinate):


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate is a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).

- Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The recommended initial dose of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate for the adult dialysis patient is 2 capsules with each meal. Increase the dose gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal.

- Starting dose is 2 capsules with each meal. (2)

- Titrate the dose every 2 to 3 weeks until acceptable serum phosphorus level is reached. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal. (2)

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Capsule: 667 mg Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate capsule.

- Capsule: 667 mg Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate capsule. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Patients with hypercalcemia.

- Hypercalcemia. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

- Treat mild hypercalcemia by reducing or interrupting Spectramin Chelate ) acetate and Vitamin D. Severe hypercalcemia may require hemodialysis and discontinuation of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate. (5.1)

- Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity. (5.2)

5.1 Hypercalcemia

Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia when treated with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)), including Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate. Avoid the use of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) supplements, including Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) based nonprescription antacids, concurrently with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate.

An overdose of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate may lead to progressive hypercalcemia, which may require emergency measures. Therefore, early in the treatment phase during the dosage adjustment period, monitor serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) levels twice weekly. Should hypercalcemia develop, reduce the Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate dosage, or discontinue the treatment, depending on the severity of hypercalcemia

More severe hypercalcemia (Ca >12 mg/dL) is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor and coma. Severe hypercalcemia can be treated by acute hemodialysis and discontinuing Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate therapy.

Mild hypercalcemia (10.5 to 11.9 mg/dL) may be asymptomatic or manifest as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Mild hypercalcemia is usually controlled by reducing the Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate dose or temporarily discontinuing therapy. Decreasing or discontinuing Vitamin D therapy is recommended as well.

Chronic hypercalcemia may lead to vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. Radiographic evaluation of suspected anatomical regions may be helpful in early detection of soft tissue calcification. The long term effect of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate on the progression of vascular or soft tissue calcification has not been determined.

Hypercalcemia (>11 mg/dL) was reported in 16% of patients in a 3 month study of solid dose formulation of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate; all cases resolved upon lowering the dose or discontinuing treatment.

Maintain the serum calcium-phosphorus (Ca x P) product below 55 mg2/dL2.

5.2 Concomitant Use with Medications

Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Hypercalcemia is discussed elsewhere [see Warnings and Precautions ].

- The most common (>10%) adverse reactions are hypercalcemia, nausea and vomiting. (6.1)

- In clinical studies, patients have occasionally experienced nausea during Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate therapy. (6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

6.1 Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In clinical studies, Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate has been generally well tolerated.

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate was studied in a 3 month, open-label, non-randomized study of 98 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients and an alternate liquid formulation of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate was studied in a two week double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with 69 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients. Adverse reactions (>2% on treatment) from these trials are presented in Table 1.


Preferred Term


Total adverse reactions reported for Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate

N=167

N (%)


3 month, open label study of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate

N=98

N (%)


Double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of liquid Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate

N=69


Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate

N (%)


Placebo

N (%)


Nausea


6 (3.6)


6 (6.1)


0 (0)


0 (0)


Vomiting


4 (2.4)


4 (4.1)


0 (0)


0 (0)


Hypercalcemia


21 (12.6)


16 (16.3)


5 (7.2)


0 (0)


Mild hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic or manifest itself as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor, and coma. Decreasing dialysate Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) concentration could reduce the incidence and severity of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate-induced hypercalcemia. Isolated cases pruritus have been reported, which may represent allergic reactions.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate: dizziness, edema, and weakness.

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

The drug interaction of Spectramin Chelate ) acetate is characterized by the potential of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) to bind to drugs with anionic functions (e.g., carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups). Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones via this mechanism.

There are no empirical data on avoiding drug interactions between Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate and most concomitant drugs. When administering an oral medication with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, administer the drug one hour before or three hours after Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate. Monitor blood levels of the concomitant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Patients taking anti-arrhythmic medications for the control of arrhythmias and anti-seizure medications for the control of seizure disorders were excluded from the clinical trials with all forms of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate.

- Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. (7)

- When clinically significant drug interactions are expected, administer the drug at least one hour before or at least three hours after Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate or consider monitoring blood levels of the drug. (7)

7.1 Ciprofloxacin

In a study of 15 healthy subjects, a co-administered single dose of 4 Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate tablets, approximately 2.7g, decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50%.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C:

Spectramin Chelate ) acetate capsules contains Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate, and there are no adequate and well controlled studies of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate use in pregnant women. Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 ) ]. Maintenance of normal serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) levels is important for maternal and fetal well being. Hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal complications such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, and neonatal hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate treatment, as recommended, is not expected to harm a fetus if maternal Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) levels are properly monitored during and following treatment.

8.2 Labor and Delivery

The effects of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate on labor and delivery are unknown.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Spectramin Chelate ) Acetate Capsules contains Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate and is excreted in human milk. Human milk feeding by a mother receiving Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate is not expected to harm an infant, provided maternal serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) levels are appropriately monitored.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

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10 OVERDOSAGE

Administration of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate in excess of the appropriate daily dosage may result in hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

11 DESCRIPTION

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate acts as a phosphate binder. Its chemical name is Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate. Its molecular formula is C4H6CaO4, and its molecular weight is 158.17. Its structural formula is:


Each white opaque/blue opaque capsule contains 667 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH3COO)2; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)), polyethylene glycol 8000 and magnesium stearate. Each capsule shell contains: black monogramming ink, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #3, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The black monogramming ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze.

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) Acetate Capsules are administered orally for the control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal failure.

Chemical Structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Patients with ESRD retain phosphorus and can develop hyperphosphatemia. High serum phosphorus can precipitate serum Spectramin Chelate ) resulting in ectopic calcification. Hyperphosphatemia also plays a role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with ESRD.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form an insoluble Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) phosphate complex, which is excreted in the feces, resulting in decreased serum phosphorus concentration.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Orally administered Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate from pharmaceutical dosage forms is systemically absorbed up to approximately 40% under fasting conditions and up to approximately 30% under nonfasting conditions. This range represents data from both healthy subjects and renal dialysis patients under various conditions.

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13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility studies have been conducted with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Effectiveness of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate in decreasing serum phosphorus has been demonstrated in two studies of the Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate solid oral dosage form.

Ninety-one patients with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis and were hyperphosphatemic (serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dL) following a 1 week phosphate binder washout period contributed efficacy data to an open-label, non-randomized study.

The patients received Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate 667 mg tablets at each meal for a period of 12 weeks. The initial starting dose was 2 tablets per meal for 3 meals a day, and the dose was adjusted as necessary to control serum phosphorus levels. The average final dose after 12 weeks of treatment was 3.4 tablets per meal. Although there was a decrease in serum phosphorus, in the absence of a control group the true magnitude of effect is uncertain.

The data presented in Table 2 demonstrate the efficacy of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients. The effects on serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) levels are also presented.


* Ninety-one patients completed at least 6 weeks of the study.

ANOVA of difference in values at pre-study and study completion.

‡ Values expressed as mean ± SE.


Parameter


Pre-Study


Week 4*


Week 8


Week 12


p-value†


Phosphorus (mg/dL)‡


7.4 ± 0.17


5.9 ± 0.16


5.6 ± 0.17


5.2 ± 0.17


≤0.01


Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) (mg/dL)‡


8.9 ± 0.09


9.5 ± 0.10


9.7 ± 0.10


9.7 ± 0.10


≤0.01


There was a 30% decrease in serum phosphorus levels during the 12 week study period (p<0.01). Two-thirds of the decline occurred in the first month of the study. Serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) increased 9% during the study mostly in the first month of the study.

Treatment with the phosphate binder was discontinued for patients from the open-label study, and those patients whose serum phosphorus exceeded 5.5 mg/dL were eligible for entry into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Patients were randomized to receive Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate or placebo, and each continued to receive the same number of tablets as had been individually established during the previous study. Following 2 weeks of treatment, patients switched to the alternative therapy for an additional 2 weeks.

The phosphate binding effect of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate is shown in the Table 3.


* ANOVA of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate vs. placebo after 2 weeks of treatment.

Values expressed as mean ± SEM.


Parameter


Pre-Study


Post-Treatment


p-value*


Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) Acetate


Placebo


Phosphorus (mg/dL)


7.3 ± 0.18


5.9 ± 0.24


7.8 ± 0.22


<0.01


Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) (mg/dL)


8.9 ± 0.11


9.5 ± 0.13


8.8 ± 0.12


<0.01


Overall, 2 weeks of treatment with Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate statistically significantly (p<0.01) decreased serum phosphorus by a mean of 19% and increased serum Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) by a statistically significant (p<0.01) but clinically unimportant mean of 7%.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) Acetate Capsules

667 mg capsule is supplied as a white opaque/blue opaque capsule, imprinted with “54 215” on the cap and body.

NDC 0615-2303-39: Blistercards of 30 Capsules

NDC 0615-2303-30: Unit-dose Boxes of 30 Capsules

STORAGE

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Inform patients to take Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate capsules with meals, adhere to their prescribed diets, and avoid the use of Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) supplements including nonprescription antacids. Inform the patients about the symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].

Advise patients who are taking an oral medication where reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy to take the drug one hour before or three hours after Spectramin Chelate (Calcium (Calcium Proteinate)) acetate capsules.

Distr. by: West-Ward

Pharmaceuticals Corp.

Eatontown, NJ 07724

10003705/05

Revised April 2016

Copper (Copper Proteinate):



Water-Resistant Protection Without Bandaging

Recommended as an Aid in Treating Horses and Ponies With Thrush Due to Organisms Susceptible to Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate)) Naphthenate.

For Animal Use Only.

INDICATIONS:

ThrushTox® is indicated in the treatment of thrush in horses and ponies.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS:

Clean the hoof thoroughly, removing debris and necrotic material prior to application of Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate))®. Apply daily to affected hoofs with a narrow paint brush (about 1”) until fully healed. Caution: Do not allow runoff of excess Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate))® onto hair since contact with Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate))® may cause some hair loss. Do not contaminate feed.

NOTE: Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate))® is easily removed from hands, clothing and surfaces with light grade fuel oil or any type of lighter fluid.

CONTAINS FOIL SEAL – REMOVE BEFORE USE.

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

To report suspected adverse reactions or to obtain technical assistance, call 1-800-650-4899.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Spectramin Chelate (Copper (Copper Proteinate)) Naphthenate...37.5% w/w

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS:

Inert Ingredients...62.5% w/w

Total... 100.0%

CAUTION:

Do not use in horses intended for human consumption.

CAUTION: COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE.

Use in a well-ventilated place. Avoid fire, flame, sparks or heaters.

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call physician immediately. Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS.

STORAGE:

Store at controlled room temperature 15º to 30ºC (59º to 86ºF). Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Manufactured for:

Aspen Veterinary Resources,® Ltd.

Liberty, MO 64068, USA

FC163FP 11/13

Manufactured by:

First Priority, Inc.

Elgin, IL 60123-1146, USA

NET CONTENTS:

16 OZ (473 mL)

ANADA 200-304, Approved by FDA

Image of 473 mL bottle/case label

Iodine (Potassium Iodide):


Spectramin Chelate ) Tincture 7%

Directions:


Topical Antiseptic

Use full Strength for superficial cuts, wounds, abrasions, insect bites and bruises on the skin of animals. Apply Spectramin Chelate (Iodine (Potassium Iodide)) with a swab.

If necessary, clip hair around the area being treated and clean with soap and water.

Apply Spectramin Chelate (Iodine (Potassium Iodide)) Tincture 7% only once daily. Dilute product 3 to 1 if repeating application.

Do not apply under bandage.

Irritation may occur if used on tender skin areas. If redness, irritation, or swelling persists or increases, discontinue use and consult a veterinarian.


Storage:

Store at 2-30 degrees C (36-86 degrees F).

Keep container away from heat and out of sunlight. Rinse empty container thoroughly and discard.


DANGER - Poison


Caution:

If swallowed, give starch paste, milk, bread, egg white, or

activated charcoal. A 5% solutions of sodium thiosulfate

(Photographic (“hypc”) may be administered orally at a

rate of 10 ml per kilogram of body weight.


Eye irritant: Use only as directed. Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact, flush eyes immediately with tepid water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a physician.


Avoid contamination of food.


Not for use on burns, deep cuts, or body cavities.

Spectramin Chelate ) Tincture 7%

image description

Iron (Ferrous Proteinate):


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is indicated for the treatment of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is an Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Spectramin Chelate ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is expressed in mg of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)).

Population Dose
Adult patients Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD) (2.1) 100 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (2.2) 200 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (PDD-CKD) (2.3) 300 mg or 400 mg intravenous infusion
Pediatric patients HDD-CKD (2.4), PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD (2.5) 0.5 mg/kg slow intravenous injection or infusion

2.1 Adult Patients with Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD)

Administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is 1000 mg. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment may be repeated if Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.2 Adult Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment may be repeated if Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.3 Adult Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment may be repeated if Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.4 Pediatric Patients with HDD-CKD for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.

For Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

2.5 Pediatric Patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD who are on erythropoietin therapy for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.

For Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

  • Known hypersensitivity to Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate))
  • Known hypersensitivity to Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Observe for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Spectramin Chelate ) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. (5.1)
  • Hypotension: Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) may cause hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during and following each administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). (5.2)
  • Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) Overload: Regularly monitor hematologic responses during Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) therapy. Do not administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) to patients with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) overload. (5.3)

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .

5.2 Hypotension

Spectramin Chelate ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Hypotension following administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .

5.3 Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) Overload

Excessive therapy with parenteral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) can lead to excess storage of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) to patients with evidence of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose; do not perform serum Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions associated with Spectramin Chelate ) are described in other sections .

  • The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) following the administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hypotension, pruritus, pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramp, injection site reactions, chest pain, and peripheral edema. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults Patients with CKD

Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD

The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Spectramin Chelate ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.


* EPO=Erythropoietin

Adverse Reactions

(Preferred Term)

HDD-CKD NDD-CKD PDD-CKD
Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) Oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) EPO* Only
(N=231) (N=139) (N=139) (N=75) (N=46)
% % % % %
Subjects with any adverse reaction 78.8 76.3 73.4 72.0 65.2
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Ear Pain 0 2.2 0.7 0 0
Eye Disorders
Conjunctivitis 0.4 0 0 2.7 0
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abdominal pain 3.5 1.4 2.9 4.0 6.5
Diarrhea 5.2 7.2 10.1 8.0 4.3
Dysgeusia 0.9 7.9 0 0 0
Nausea 14.7 8.6 12.2 5.3 4.3
Vomiting 9.1 5.0 8.6 8.0 2.2
General Disorders and
Administration Site Conditions
Asthenia 2.2 0.7 2.2 2.7 0
Chest pain 6.1 1.4 0 2.7 0
Feeling abnormal 3.0 0 0 0 0
Infusion site pain or burning 0 5.8 0 0 0
Injection site extravasation 0 2.2 0 0 0
Peripheral edema 2.6 7.2 5.0 5.3 10.9
Pyrexia 3.0 0.7 0.7 1.3 0
Infections and Infestations
Nasopharyngitis, Sinusitis, Upper

respiratory tract infections, Pharyngitis

2.6 2.2 4.3 16.0 4.3
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural
Complications
Graft complication 9.5 1.4 0 0 0
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Fluid overload 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0
Gout 0 2.9 1.4 0 0
Hyperglycemia 0 2.9 0 0 2.2
Hypoglycemia 0.4 0.7 0.7 4.0 0
Musculoskeletal and Connective
Tissue Disorders
Arthralgia 3.5 1.4 2.2 4.0 4.3
Back pain 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.3 4.3
Muscle cramp 29.4 0.7 0.7 2.7 0
Myalgia 0 3.6 0 1.3 0
Pain in extremity 5.6 4.3 0 2.7 6.5
Nervous System Disorders
Dizziness 6.5 6.5 1.4 1.3 4.3
Headache 12.6 2.9 0.7 4.0 0
Respiratory, Thoracic and
Mediastinal Disorders
Cough 3.0 2.2 0.7 1.3 0
Dyspnea 3.5 5.8 1.4 1.3 2.2
Nasal congestion 0 1.4 2.2 1.3 0
Skin and Subcutaneous
Tissue Disorders
Pruritus 3.9 2.2 4.3 2.7 0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 6.5 6.5 4.3 8.0 6.5
Hypotension 39.4 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2

One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) product). When these patients were treated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) .

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 2.0 mg/kg.

A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).

6.2 Adverse Reactions from Post-Marketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.

Symptoms associated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.

Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug interactions involving Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) have not been studied. However, Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) preparations.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B

Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Spectramin Chelate ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Spectramin Chelate ) for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.

In a country where Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) or any other drugs could be established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

No data are available regarding overdosage of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) may lead to accumulation of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) to patients with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) overload.

Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.

11 DESCRIPTION

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:

[Na2Fe5O8(OH) ·3(H2O)]n ·m(C12H22O11)

where: n is the degree of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (III)-hydroxide.

Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) as Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose in water for injection. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Spectramin Chelate ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is dissociated into Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) and sucrose and the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following intravenous administration, Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is dissociated into Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Spectramin Chelate ), its Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) containing 100 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) labeled with 52Fe/59Fe in patients with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) trapping compartment.

Following intravenous administration of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose is dissociated into Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) have not been studied.

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

In a single-dose PK study of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), the half-life of total serum Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose.

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Spectramin Chelate ).

14.1 Study A: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD–CKD)

Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), who were off intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.

Patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.


**p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to historical control from ANCOVA analysis with baseline hemoglobin, serum ferritin and erythropoietin dose as covariates.


Efficacy

parameters

End of treatment 2 week follow-up 5 week follow-up
Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (n=69 Historical Control (n=18) Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate))

(n=73)

Historical Control

(n=18)

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate))

(n=71)

Historical

Control

(n=15)

Hemoglobin (g/dL) 1.0 ± 0.12** 0.0 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.14** -0.6 ± 0.24 1.2 ± 0.17* -0.1 ± 0.23
Hematocrit (%) 3.1 ± 0.37** -0.3 ± 0.65 3.6 ± 0.44** -1.2 ± 0.76 3.3 ± 0.54 0.2 ± 0.86

Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).

14.2 Study B: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in 23 patients with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.

All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.

14.3 Study C: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.

The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.

14.4 Study D: Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) versus Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) group.

A statistically significantly greater proportion of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).

14.5 Study E: Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) or Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.

Patients in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).

14.6 Study F: Spectramin Chelate ) Maintenance Treatment Dosing in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 years and Older with Chronic Kidney Disease

Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/storage and handling

16.1 How Supplied

Spectramin Chelate ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) (20 mg/mL).

NDC-0517-2310-05 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 5
NDC-0517-2310-10 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-01 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Individually Boxed
NDC-0517-2340-10 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-25 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25
NDC-0517-2340-99 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-10 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-25 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25

16.2 Stability and Storage

Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.

Syringe Stability: Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).

Intravenous Admixture Stability: Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).

Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.

Do not mix Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Prior to Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) administration:

  • Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) products
  • Advise patients of the risks associated with Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate))
  • Advise patients to report any symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and following Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) administration, such as rash, itching, dizziness, light-headedness, swelling, and breathing problems [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Spectramin Chelate (Iron (Ferrous Proteinate)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.

PremierProRx® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.

PREMIERProRx®

IN2340

MG #15727

Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate):



Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate

Injection, USP

Ansyr Plastic Syringe

Rx only

Hospira Logo

DESCRIPTION

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate heptahydrate in Water for Injection, USP administered by the intravenous or intramuscular routes as an electrolyte replenisher or anticonvulsant. Must be diluted before intravenous use. May contain sulfuric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The pH is 5.5 to 7.0. The 50% concentration has an osmolarity of 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except for pH adjustment) and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded with the entire unit.

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate, USP heptahydrate is chemically designated MgSO4 - 7H2O with molecular weight of 246.48 and occurs as colorless crystals or white powder freely soluble in water.

The plastic syringe is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates from inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the syringe material.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) (Mg++) is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability.

As a nutritional adjunct in hyperalimentation, the precise mechanism of action for Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is uncertain. Early symptoms of hypomagnesemia (less than 1.5 mEq/liter) may develop as early as three to four days or within weeks.

Predominant deficiency effects are neurological, e.g., muscle irritability, clonic twitching and tremors. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia often follow low serum levels of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)). While there are large stores of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) present intracellularly and in the bones of adults, these stores often are not mobilized sufficiently to maintain plasma levels. Parenteral Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) therapy repairs the plasma deficit and causes deficiency symptoms and signs to cease.

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS), but it does not adversely affect the woman, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal plasma Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) levels range from 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter.

As plasma Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the plasma level approaches 10 mEq/liter. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Heart block also may occur at this or lower plasma levels of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)). Serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) concentrations in excess of 12 mEq/L may be fatal.

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) acts peripherally to produce vasodilation. With low doses only flushing and sweating occur, but larger doses cause lowering of blood pressure. The central and peripheral effects of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) poisoning are antagonized to some extent by intravenous administration of calcium.

Pharmacokinetics

With intravenous administration the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. Following intramuscular administration the onset of action occurs in about one hour and persists for three to four hours. Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq/liter. Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is excreted solely by the kidneys at a rate proportional to the plasma concentration and glomerular filtration.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP is suitable for replacement therapy in Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia. In such cases, the serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) (Mg++) level is usually below the lower limit of normal (1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter) and the serum calcium (Ca++) level is normal (4.3 to 5.3 mEq/liter) or elevated.

In total parenteral nutrition (TPN), Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate may be added to the nutrient admixture to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia which can arise during the course of therapy.

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP is also indicated for the prevention and control of seizures (convulsions) in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Parenteral administration of the drug is contraindicated in patients with heart block or myocardial damage.

WARNINGS

FETAL HARM: Continuous administration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women can lead to hypocalcemia and bone abnormalities in the developing fetus. These bone abnormalities include skeletal demineralization and osteopenia. In addition, cases of neonatal fracture have been reported. The shortest duration of treatment that can lead to fetal harm is not known. Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate is given for treatment of preterm labor, the woman should be informed that the efficacy and safety of such use have not been established and that use of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days may cause fetal abnormalities.

ALUMINUM TOXICITY: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Parenteral use in the presence of renal insufficiency may lead to Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) intoxication. Intravenous use in the eclampsia should be reserved for immediate control of life-threatening convulsions.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Administer with caution if flushing and sweating occurs. When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics) are to be given in conjunction with Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)).

Because Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is removed from the body solely by the kidneys, the drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Urine output should be maintained at a level of 100 mL or more during the four hours preceding each dose. Monitoring serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) levels and the patient's clinical status is essential to avoid the consequences of overdosage in toxemia. Clinical indications of a safe dosage regimen include the presence of the patellar reflex (knee jerk) and absence of respiratory depression (approximately 16 breaths or more/minute). When repeated doses of the drug are given parenterally, knee jerk reflexes should be tested before each dose and if they are absent, no additional Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) should be given until they return. Serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) levels usually sufficient to control convulsions range from 3 to 6 mg/100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq/liter). The strength of the deep tendon reflexes begins to diminish when Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) levels exceed 4 mEq/liter. Reflexes may be absent at 10 mEq magnesium/liter, where respiratory paralysis is a potential hazard. An injectable calcium salt should be immediately available to counteract the potential hazards of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) intoxication in eclampsia.

50% Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to intravenous infusion. Rate of administration should be slow and cautious, to avoid producing hypermagnesemia. The 50% solution also should be diluted to 20% or less for intramuscular injection in infants and children.

Laboratory Tests

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate injection should not be given unless hypomagnesemia has been confirmed and the serum concentration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is monitored. The normal serum level is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L.

Drug Interactions

CNS Depressants - When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics), or other CNS depressants are to be given in conjunction with Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)). CNS depression and peripheral transmission defects produced by Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) may be antagonized by calcium.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents - Excessive neuromuscular block has occurred in patients receiving parenteral Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate and a neuromuscular blocking agent; these drugs should be administered concomitantly with caution.

Cardiac Glycosides - Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate should be administered with extreme caution in digitalized patients, because serious changes in cardiac conduction which can result in heart block may occur if administration of calcium is required to treat Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) toxicity.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category D (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS )

See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate can cause fetal abnormalities when administered beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women. There are retrospective epidemiological studies and case reports documenting fetal abnormalities such as hypocalcemia, skeletal demineralization, osteopenia and other skeletal abnormalities with continuous maternal administration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate for more than 5 to 7 days.1-10 Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate injection should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If this drug is used during pregnancy, the woman should be apprised of the potential harm to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic Effects

When administered by continuous intravenous infusion (especially for more than 24 hours preceding delivery) to control convulsions in a toxemic woman, the newborn may show signs of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) toxicity, including neuromuscular or respiratory depression (See OVERDOSAGE ).

Labor and Delivery

Continuous administration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate is an unapproved treatment for preterm labor. The safety and efficacy of such use have not been established. The administration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate outside of its approved indication in pregnant women should be by trained obstetrical personnel in a hospital setting with appropriate obstetrical care facilities.

Nursing Mothers

Since Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) is distributed into milk during parenteral Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate administration, the drug should be used with caution in nursing women.

Geriatrics

Geriatric patients often require reduced dosage because of impaired renal function. In patients with severe impairment, dosage should not exceed 20 grams in 48 hours. Serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) should be monitored in such patients.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The adverse effects of parenterally administered Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) usually are the result of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) intoxication. These include flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and central nervous system depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis. Hypocalcemia with signs of tetany secondary to Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate therapy for eclampsia has been reported.

OVERDOSAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) intoxication is manifested by a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) intoxication. In the event of overdosage, artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected intravenously to antagonize the effects of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)).

For Treatment of Overdose

Artificial respiration is often required. Intravenous calcium, 10 to 20 mL of a 5% solution (diluted if desirable with isotonic sodium chloride for injection) is used to counteract effects of hypermagnesemia. Subcutaneous physostigmine, 0.5 to 1 mg may be helpful.

Hypermagnesemia in the newborn may require resuscitation and assisted ventilation via endotracheal intubation or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as intravenous calcium.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate must be carefully adjusted according to individual requirements and response, and administration of the drug should be discontinued as soon as the desired effect is obtained.

Both intravenous and intramuscular administration are appropriate. Intramuscular administration of the undiluted 50% solution results in therapeutic plasma levels in 60 minutes, whereas intravenous doses will provide a therapeutic level almost immediately. The rate of intravenous injection should generally not exceed 150 mg/minute (1.5 mL of a 10% concentration or its equivalent), except in severe eclampsia with seizures. Continuous maternal administration of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Solutions for intravenous infusion must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to administration. The diluents commonly used are 5% Dextrose Injection, USP and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Deep intramuscular injection of the undiluted (50%) solution is appropriate for adults, but the solution should be diluted to a 20% or less concentration prior to such injection in children.

In Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Deficiency

In the treatment of mild Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) deficiency, the usual adult dose is 1 gram, equivalent to 8.12 mEq of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) (2 mL of the 50% solution) injected intramuscularly every six hours for four doses (equivalent to a total of 32.5 mEq of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) per 24 hours). For severe hypomagnesemia, as much as 250 mg (approximately 2 mEq) per kg of body weight (0.5 mL of the 50% solution) may be given intramuscularly within a period of four hours if necessary. Alternatively, 5 grams, (approximately 40 mEq) can be added to one liter of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP for slow intravenous infusion over a three-hour period. In the treatment of deficiency states, caution must be observed to prevent exceeding the renal excretory capacity.

In Hyperalimentation

In total parenteral nutrition, maintenance requirements for Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) are not precisely known. The maintenance dose used in adults ranges from 8 to 24 mEq (1 gram to 3 grams) daily; for infants, the range is 2 to 10 mEq (0.25 gram to 1.25 grams) daily.

In Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia

In severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the total initial dose is 10 grams to 14 grams of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate. Intravenously, a dose of 4 grams to 5 grams in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP may be infused. Simultaneously, intramuscular doses of up to 10 grams (5 grams or 10 mL of the undiluted 50% solution in each buttock) are given. Alternatively, the initial intravenous dose of 4 grams may be given by diluting the 50% solution to a 10 or 20% concentration; the diluted fluid (40 mL of a 10% solution or 20 mL of a 20% solution) may then be injected intravenously over a period of three to four minutes. Subsequently, 4 grams to 5 grams (8 to 10 mL of the 50% solution) are injected intramuscularly into alternate buttocks every four hours as needed, depending on the continuing presence of the patellar reflex and adequate respiratory function. Alternatively, after the initial intravenous dose, some clinicians administer 1 gram to 2 grams/hour by constant intravenous infusion. Therapy should continue until paroxysms cease. A serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) level of 6 mg/100 mL is considered optimal for control of seizures. A total daily (24 hr) dose of 30 grams to 40 grams should not be exceeded. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, the maximum dosage of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate is 20 grams/48 hours and frequent serum Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) concentrations must be obtained. Continuous use of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Other Uses

In counteracting the muscle-stimulating effects of barium poisoning, the usual dose of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate is 1 gram to 2 grams given intravenously.

For controlling seizures associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis or hypothyroidism, the usual adult dose is 1 gram administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

In paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) should be used only if simpler measures have failed and there is no evidence of myocardial damage. The usual dose is 3 grams to 4 grams (30 to 40 mL of a 10% solution) administered intravenously over 30 seconds with extreme caution.

For reduction of cerebral edema, 2.5 grams (25 mL of a 10% solution) is given intravenously.

Incompatibilities

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate in solution may result in a precipitate formation when mixed with solutions containing:

Alcohol (in high Heavy Metals

concentrations) Hydrocortisone sodium

Alkali carbonates and succinate

bicarbonates Phosphates

Alkali hydroxides Polymixin B sulfate

Arsenates Procaine hydrochloride

Barium Salicylates

Calcium Strontium

Clindamycin phosphate Tartrates

The potential incompatibility will often be influenced by the changes in the concentration of reactants and the pH of the solutions.

It has been reported that Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) may reduce the antibiotic activity of streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin when given together.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose containers as follows:


NDC No.


Container


Total

Amount


Concentration


mEq

Mg++/mL


0409-1754-10


Ansyr

Plastic Syringe


5 g/10 mL


50%


4 mEq/mL


Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

REFERENCES

  • Yokoyama K, Takahashi N, Yada Y. Prolonged maternal Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) administration and bone metabolism in neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(3):187-91. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
  • Wedig KE, Kogan J, Schorry EK et al. Skeletal demineralization and fractures caused by fetal Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) toxicity. J. Perinatol. 2006; 26(6):371-4.
  • Nassar AH, Sakhel K, Maarouf H, et al. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of prolonged course of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate tocolysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2006;85(9):1099-103.
  • Malaeb SN, Rassi A, Haddad MC. Bone mineralization in newborns whose mothers received Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulphate for tocolysis of premature labor. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34(5):384-6. Epub 2004 Feb 18.
  • Matsuda Y, Maeda Y, Ito M, et al. Effect of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate treatment on neonatal bone abnormalities. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;44(2):82-8.
  • Schanler RJ, Smith LG, Burns PA. Effects of long-term maternal intravenous Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate therapy on neonatal calcium metabolism and bone mineral content. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;43(4):236-41.
  • Santi MD, Henry GW, Douglas GL. Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate treatment of preterm labor as a cause of abnormal neonatal bone mineralization. J Pediatr Orthrop. 1994;14(2):249-53.
  • Holcomb WL, Shackelford GD, Petrie RH. Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) tocolysis and neonatal bone abnormalities; a controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 78(4):611-4.
  • Cumming WA, Thomas VJ. Hypermagnesemia: a cause of abnormal metaphyses in the neonate. Am J Roentgenol. 1989; 152(5):1071-2.
  • Lamm CL, Norton KL, Murphy RJ. Congenital rickets associated with Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate infusion for tocolysis. J Pediatr. 1988; 113(6):1078-82.
  • McGuinness GA, Weinstein MM, Cruikshank DP, et al. Effects of Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate treatment on perinatal calcium metabolism. II. Neonatal responses. Obstet Gynecol. 1980; 56(5): 595-600.
  • Riaz M, Porat R, Brodsky NL, et al. The effects of maternal Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) sulfate treatment on newborns: a prospective controlled study. J. Perinatol. 1998;18(6 pt 1):449-54.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

LAB-1024-1.0

April 2017

Hospira Logo

50% Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate 5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL)

Rx only

NDC 0409-1754-10

10 mL Single-dose syringe

50% Spectramin Chelate (Magnesium (Magnesium Proteinate)) Sulfate Injection, USP

5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL) (4 mEq Mg++/mL)

MUST BE DILUTED FOR INTRAVENOUS USE.

For Intravenous or Intramuscular Use. Sterile. 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

Contains no more than 75 mcg/L of aluminum.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

Hospira

RL-6891

Manganese (Manganese Proteinate):


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Administration helps to maintain Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (pH 2.0) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Liver and/or biliary tract dysfunction may require omission or reduction of copper and Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the bile.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless solution is clear and seal is intact.

Spectramin Chelate ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Laboratory Tests

Serum Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) levels can be measured periodically at the discretion of the investigator. Because of the low serum concentration normally present, samples will usually be analyzed by a reference laboratory.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Spectramin Chelate ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) additive is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) chloride. It is also not known whether Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly indicated.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) toxicity in TPN patients has not been reported.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) contains 0.1 mg manganese/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be administered in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the adult receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage for Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) is 0.15 to 0.8 mg/day (1.5 to 8 mL/day). For pediatric patients, a dosage of 2 to 10 mcg manganese/kg/day (0.02 to 0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended.

Periodic monitoring of Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) plasma levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration.

Parenteral products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS .)

HOW SUPPLIED

Spectramin Chelate (Manganese (Manganese Proteinate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (NDC No. 0409-4091-01).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F)

Revised: November, 2009

Printed in USA EN-2320

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

RL-0104


Potassium (Potassium Proteinate):



Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) CHLORIDE EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS USP 20 mEq K

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION

The Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq product is an immediately dispersing extended release oral dosage form of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride containing 1500 mg of microencapsulated Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride, USP equivalent to 20 mEq of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) in a tablet.

These formulations are intended to slow the release of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) so that the likelihood of a high localized concentration of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride within the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is an electrolyte replenisher. The chemical name of the active ingredient is Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride, USP occurs as a white, granular powder or as colorless crystals. It is odorless and has a saline taste. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulation (not enteric coated or wax matrix) containing individually microencapsulated Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride crystals which disperse upon tablet disintegration. In simulated gastric fluid at 37°C and in the absence of outside agitation, Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq begin disintegrating into microencapsulated crystals within seconds and completely disintegrates within 1 minute. The microencapsulated crystals are formulated to provide an extended release of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride.

Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, diethyl phthalate, ethyl-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function.

The intracellular concentration of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane.

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) is 50 to 100 mEq per day.

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion will occur whenever the rate of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by a concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances or cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine.

If Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, eg, where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) in the form of high Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) food or Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride may be able to restore normal Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) levels.

In rare circumstances (eg, patients with renal tubular acidosis) Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) replacement should be accomplished with Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts other than the chloride, such as Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) bicarbonate, Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) citrate, Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) acetate, or Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) gluconate.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

BECAUSE OF REPORTS OF INTESTINAL AND GASTRIC ULCERATION AND BLEEDING WITH CONTROLLED-RELEASE Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) CHLORIDE PREPARATIONS, THESE DRUGS SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR THOSE PATIENTS WHO CANNOT TOLERATE OR REFUSE TO TAKE LIQUID OR EFFERVESCENT Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) PREPARATIONS OR FOR PATIENTS IN WHOM THERE IS A PROBLEM OF COMPLIANCE WITH THESE PREPARATIONS.

1. For the treatment of patients with hypokalemia with or without metabolic alkalosis, in digitalis intoxication, and in patients with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis. If hypokalemia is the result of diuretic therapy, consideration should be given to the use of a lower dose of diuretic, which may be sufficient without leading to hypokalemia.

2. For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop, eg, digitalized patients or patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias.

The use of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts in patients receiving diuretics for uncomplicated essential hypertension is often unnecessary when such patients have a normal dietary pattern and when low doses of the diuretic are used. Serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) should be checked periodically, however, and if hypokalemia occurs, dietary supplementation with potassium-containing foods may be adequate to control milder cases. In more severe cases, and if dose adjustment of the diuretic is ineffective or unwarranted, supplementation with Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts may be indicated.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) supplements are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia since a further increase in serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) concentration in such patients can produce cardiac arrest. Hyperkalemia may complicate any of the following conditions: chronic renal failure, systemic acidosis, such as diabetic acidosis, acute dehydration, extensive tissue breakdown as in severe burns, adrenal insufficiency, or the administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) (see OVERDOSAGE ).

Controlled-release formulations of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride have produced esophageal ulceration in certain cardiac patients with esophageal compression due to enlarged left atrium. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) supplementation, when indicated in such patients, should be given as a liquid preparation or as an aqueous (water) suspension of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients , and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections).

All solid oral dosage forms of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride are contraindicated in any patient in whom there is structural, pathological (eg, diabetic gastroparesis), or pharmacologic (use of anticholinergic agents or other agents with anticholinergic properties at sufficient doses to exert anticholinergic effects) cause for arrest or delay in tablet passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

WARNINGS

Hyperkalemia (see OVERDOSAGE )

In patients with impaired mechanisms for excreting Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)), the administration of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts can produce hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. This occurs most commonly in patients given Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) by the intravenous route but may also occur in patients given Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) orally. Potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and be asymptomatic. The use of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts in patients with chronic renal disease, or any other condition which impairs Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) excretion, requires particularly careful monitoring of the serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) concentration and appropriate dosage adjustment.

Interaction with Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Hypokalemia should not be treated by the concomitant administration of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts and a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride) since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia.

Interaction with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) will produce some Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) retention by inhibiting aldosterone production. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) supplements should be given to patients receiving ACE inhibitors only with close monitoring.

Gastrointestinal Lesions

Solid oral dosage forms of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride can produce ulcerative and/or stenotic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on spontaneous adverse reaction reports, enteric-coated preparations of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride are associated with an increased frequency of small bowel lesions (40-50 per 100,000 patient years) compared to sustained release wax matrix formulations (less than one per 100,000 patient years). Because of the lack of extensive marketing experience with microencapsulated products, a comparison between such products and wax matrix or enteric-coated products is not available. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulated to provide a controlled rate of release of microencapsulated Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride and thus to minimize the possibility of a high local concentration of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) near the gastrointestinal wall.

Prospective trials have been conducted in normal human volunteers in which the upper gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by endoscopic inspection before and after 1 week of solid oral Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride therapy. The ability of this model to predict events occurring in usual clinical practice is unknown. Trials which approximated usual clinical practice did not reveal any clear differences between the wax matrix and microencapsulated dosage forms. In contrast, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in subjects receiving a high dose of a wax matrix controlled-release formulation under conditions which did not resemble usual or recommended clinical practice (ie, 96 mEq per day in divided doses of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride administered to fasted patients, in the presence of an anticholinergic drug to delay gastric emptying). The upper gastrointestinal lesions observed by endoscopy were asymptomatic and were not accompanied by evidence of bleeding (Hemoccult testing). The relevance of these findings to the usual conditions (ie, non-fasting, no anticholinergic agent, smaller doses) under which controlled-release Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride products are used is uncertain; epidemiologic studies have not identified an elevated risk, compared to microencapsulated products, for upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients receiving wax matrix formulations. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be discontinued immediately and the possibility of ulceration, obstruction, or perforation should be considered if severe vomiting, abdominal pain, distention, or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs.

Metabolic Acidosis

Hypokalemia in patients with metabolic acidosis should be treated with an alkalinizing Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salt such as Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) bicarbonate, Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) citrate, Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) acetate, or Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) gluconate.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The diagnosis of Spectramin Chelate ) depletion is ordinarily made by demonstrating hypokalemia in a patient with a clinical history suggesting some cause for Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion. In interpreting the serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) level, the physician should bear in mind that acute alkalosis per se can produce hypokalemia in the absence of a deficit in total body Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) while acute acidosis per se can increase the serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) concentration into the normal range even in the presence of a reduced total body Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)). The treatment of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion, particularly in the presence of cardiac disease, renal disease, or acidosis requires careful attention to acid-base balance and appropriate monitoring of serum electrolytes, the electrocardiogram, and the clinical status of the patient.

Information for Patients

Physicians should consider reminding the patient of the following: To take each dose with meals and with a full glass of water or other liquid. To take each dose without crushing, chewing, or sucking the tablets. If those patients are having difficulty swallowing whole tablets, they may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:

    1. Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).

    2. Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.

    3. Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.

    4. Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.

    5. Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

    6. Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.


Aqueous suspension of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

To take this medicine following the frequency and amount prescribed by the physician. This is especially important if the patient is also taking diuretics and/or digitalis preparations.

To check with the physician at once if tarry stools or other evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is noticed.

Laboratory Tests

When blood is drawn for analysis of plasma Spectramin Chelate ) it is important to recognize that artifactual elevations can occur after improper venipuncture technique or as a result of in vitro hemolysis of the sample.

Drug Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (see WARNINGS ).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies in animals have not been performed. Spectramin Chelate ) is a normal dietary constituent.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq. It is unlikely that Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) supplementation that does not lead to hyperkalemia would have an adverse effect on the fetus or would affect reproductive capacity.

Nursing Mothers

The normal Spectramin Chelate ) ion content of human milk is about 13 mEq per liter. Since oral Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) becomes part of the body Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) pool, so long as body Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) is not excessive, the contribution of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride supplementation should have little or no effect on the level in human milk.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection; and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

One of the most severe adverse effects is hyperkalemia (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and OVERDOSAGE ). There have also been reports of upper and lower gastrointestinal conditions including obstruction, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). The most common adverse reactions to oral Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts are nausea, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal pain/discomfort, and diarrhea. These symptoms are due to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and are best managed by diluting the preparation further, taking the dose with meals or reducing the amount taken at one time.

OVERDOSAGE

The administration of oral Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired or if Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-waves, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT-interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).

Treatment measures for hyperkalemia include the following:

  • Patients should be closely monitored for arrhythmias and electrolyte changes.
  • Elimination of foods and medications containing Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) and of any agents with potassium-sparing properties such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ARBS, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, certain nutritional supplements and many others.
  • Intravenous calcium gluconate if the patient is at no risk of developing digitalis toxicity.
  • Intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL/hr of 10% dextrose solution containing 10-20 units of crystalline insulin per 1,000 mL.
  • Correction of acidosis, if present, with intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
  • Use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis.

In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, too rapid a lowering of the serum Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) concentration can produce digitalis toxicity.

The extended release feature means that absorption and toxic effects may be delayed for hours.

Consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The usual dietary intake of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) by the average adult is 50 to 100 mEq per day. Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion sufficient to cause hypokalemia usually requires the loss of 200 or more mEq of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) from the total body store.

Dosage must be adjusted to the individual needs of each patient. The dose for the prevention of hypokalemia is typically in the range of 20 mEq per day. Doses of 40-100 mEq per day or more are used for the treatment of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) depletion. Dosage should be divided if more than 20 mEq per day is given such that no more than 20 mEq is given in a single dose.

Each Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablet USP, 20 mEq provides 20 mEq of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride.

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be taken with meals and with a glass of water or other liquid. This product should not be taken on an empty stomach because of its potential for gastric irritation (see WARNINGS ).

Patients having difficulty swallowing whole tablets may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:
    • Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).
    • Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.
    • Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.
    • Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.
    • Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.
    • Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

Aqueous suspension of Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

HOW SUPPLIED

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are available in bottles of 100 (NDC 62037-999-01), bottles of 500 (NDC 62037-999-05), and bottles of 1000 (NDC 62037-999-10). Potassium Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are capsule shaped, white to off-white tablets, with “ABRS-123” imprinted on one side and scored on the other side for flexibility of dosing.

Storage Conditions

Keep tightly closed. Store at controlled room temperature, 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).

Manufactured by:

Eurand, Inc.

Vandalia, OH 45377 USA

Distributed by:

Watson Pharma, Inc.

Rev. Date (01/09) 173714

Spectramin Chelate (Potassium (Potassium Proteinate)) chloride 20 Meq

Selenium (Selenium Proteinate):



Rx Only

TRACE ELEMENT ADDITIVE FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

DESCRIPTION

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Each mL contains Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg (equivalent to elemental Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) 40 mcg/mL) and Water for Injection q.s. pH may be adjusted with nitric acid to 1.8 to 2.4.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) is part of glutathione peroxidase which protects cell components from oxidative damage due to peroxides produced in cellular metabolism.

Prolonged TPN support in humans has resulted in Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) deficiency symptoms which include muscle pain and tenderness. The symptoms have been reported to respond to supplementation of TPN solutions with Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)).

Pediatric conditions, Keshan disease, and Kwashiorkor, have been associated with low dietary intake of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)). The conditions are endemic to geographical areas with low Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) soil content. Dietary supplementation with Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) salts has been reported to reduce the incidence of the conditions among affected children.

Normal blood levels of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) in different human populations have been found to vary and depend on the Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) content of the food consumed. Results of surveys carried out in some countries are tabulated below:



COUNTRY


Number of

Samples

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) (mcg/100 mL) (a)

Whole Blood


Blood Cells

Plasma/

Serum

(a) Mean values with or without standard deviation in parentheses, all other ranges.
(b) Age group unknown.
(c) Three children recovered from Kwashiorkor and the other six under treatment for other diseases.
(d) Low selenium-content soil area.
(e) Well nourished children, three recovered from Kwashiorkor and the other six under treatment for other diseases.
(f) Mean values from seven subjects.
Canada 254 Adults (37.9 ± 7.8) (23.6 ± 6.0) (14.4 ± 2.9)
England 8 (b) 26-37 (32) -- --
Guatemala &

Southern USA

10 Adults

9 Children (c)

19-28 (22)

(23 ± 5)

--

(36 ± 12)

--

(15 ± 5)

New Zealand (d) 113 Adults (5.4 ± 0.1) (6.6 ± 0.3) (4.3 ± 0.1)
Thailand 3 Adults

9 Children (e)

14.4-20.2

(12.0 ± 3.6) (f)

17.8-35.8

(19.5 ± 8.2)

8.1-12.5

(8.3 ± 2.2)

USA 210 Adults 15.7-25.6

(20.6)

-- --

Plasma Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) levels of 0.3 and 0.9 mcg/100 mL have been reported to produce deficiency symptoms in humans.

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) is eliminated primarily in urine. However, significant endogenous losses through feces also occur. The rate of excretion and the relative importance of two routes varies with the chemical form of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) used in supplementation. Ancillary routes of elimination are lungs and skin.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Administration of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) in TPN solutions helps to maintain plasma Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the potential for infusion phlebitis.

WARNINGS

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection can be toxic if given in excessive amounts. Supplementation of TPN solution with Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) should be immediately discontinued if toxicity symptoms are observed. Frequent determination of plasma Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) levels during TPN support and close medical supervision is recommended.

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection is a hypotonic solution and should be administered in admixtures only.

This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

As Spectramin Chelate ) is eliminated in urine and feces, Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) supplements may be adjusted, reduced or omitted in renal dysfunction and/or gastrointestinal malfunction. In patients receiving blood transfusions, contribution from such transfusions should also be considered. Frequent Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) plasma level determinations are suggested as a guideline.

In animals, Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) has been reported to enhance the action of Vitamin E and decrease the toxicity of mercury, cadmium and arsenic.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C: Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) at high dose levels (15-30 mcg/egg) has been reported to have adverse embryological effects among chickens. There are however, no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in pregnant women. Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection should be used during pregnancy only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Presence of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) in placenta and umbilical cord blood has been reported in humans.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The amount of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) present in Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection is small. Symptoms of toxicity from Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) are unlikely to occur at the recommended dosage level.

OVERDOSAGE

Chronic toxicity in humans resulting from exposure to Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) in industrial environments, intake of foods grown in seleniferous soils, use of selenium-contaminated water, and application of cosmetics containing Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) has been reported in literature. Toxicity symptoms include hair loss, weakened nails, dermatitis, dental defects, gastrointestinal disorders, nervousness, mental depression, metallic taste, vomiting, and garlic odor of breath and sweat. Acute poisoning due to ingestion of large amounts of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) compounds has resulted in death with histopathological changes including fulminating peripheral vascular collapse, internal vascular congestion, diffusely hemorrhagic, congested and edematus lungs, brick-red color gastric mucosa. The death was preceded by coma.

No effective antidote to Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) poisoning in humans is known. Animal studies have shown casein and linseed oil in feeds, reduced glutathione, arsenic, magnesium sulfate, and bromobenzene to afford limited protection.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection provides 40 mcg selenium/mL. For metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 mcg selenium/day. For pediatric patients, the suggested additive dosage level is 3 mcg/kg/day.

In adults, Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) deficiency states resulting from long-term TPN support, Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) as selenomethionine or selenious acid, administered intravenously at 100 mcg/day for a period of 24 and 31 days, respectively, has been reported to reverse deficiency symptoms without toxicity.

Aseptic addition of Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection to the TPN solution under laminar flow hood is recommended. Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) is physically compatible with the electrolytes and other trace elements usually present in amino-acid/dextrose solution used for TPN. Frequent monitoring of plasma Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration. The normal whole blood range for Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) is approximately 10 to 37 mcg/100 mL.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) Injection containing selenious acid 65.4 mcg/mL (equivalent to elemental Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) 40 mcg/mL).

NDC 0517-6510-25 10 mL Single Dose Vial Packaged in boxes of 25

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

IN6510

Rev. 11/15

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Container

NDC 0517-6510-25

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) INJECTION

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIAL

Trace Element Additive

FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

PRESERVATIVE FREE

Rx Only

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Carton

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) INJECTION

Spectramin Chelate (Selenium (Selenium Proteinate)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

Trace Element Additive

NDC 0517-6510-25

25 x 10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIALS

FOR INTRAVENOUS USE AFTER DILUTION PRESERVATIVE FREE Rx Only

Each mL contains: Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg, Water for Injection q.s.

pH adjusted with Nitric Acid. Sterile, nonpyrogenic.

WARNING: DISCARD UNUSED PORTION. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions

permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Directions for Use: See Package Insert.

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Rev. 11/05

Container Carton

Zinc (Zinc Proteinate):


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN. Administration helps to maintain Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores, and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (2) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Severe kidney disease may make it necessary to reduce or omit chromium and Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the urine.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless the solution is clear and the seal is intact.

Zinc 1 mg/mL should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Zinc should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the likelihood of infusion phlebitis and the potential for increased excretory loss of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) from a bolus injection. Administration of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) in the absence of copper may cause a decrease in serum copper levels.

Laboratory Tests

Periodic determinations of serum copper as well as Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) are suggested as a guideline for subsequent Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Spectramin Chelate ) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Spectramin Chelate ) chloride. It is also not known whether Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Single intravenous doses of 1 to 2 mg zinc/kg body weight have been given to adult leukemic patients without toxic manifestations. However, acute toxicity was reported in an adult when 10 mg Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) was infused over a period of one hour on each of four consecutive days. Profuse sweating, decreased level of consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia (140/min), and marked hypothermia (94.2° F) on the fourth day were accompanied by a serum Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) concentration of 207 mcg/dl. Symptoms abated within three hours.

Hyperamylasemia may be a sign of impending Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) overdosage; patients receiving an inadvertent overdose (25 mg zinc/liter of TPN solution, equivalent to 50 to 70 mg zinc/day) developed hyperamylasemia (557 to 1850 Klein units; normal: 130 to 310).

Death resulted from an overdosage in which 1683 mg Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) was delivered intravenously over the course of 60 hours to a 72 year old patient.

Symptoms of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) toxicity included hypotension (80/40 mm Hg), pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and oliguria, with a serum Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) level of 4184 mcg/dl.

Calcium supplements may confer a protective effect against Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) toxicity.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) contains 1 mg zinc/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be diluted prior to administration in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the metabolically stable adult receiving TPN, the suggested intravenous dosage is 2.5 to 4 mg zinc/day (2.5 to 4 mL/day). An additional 2 mg zinc/day (2 mL/day) is suggested for acute catabolic states. For the stable adult with fluid loss from the small bowel, an additional 12.2 mg zinc/liter of small bowel fluid lost (12.2 mL/liter of small bowel fluid lost), or an additional 17.1 mg zinc/kg of stool or ileostomy output (17.1 mL/kg of stool or ileostomy output) is recommended. Frequent monitoring of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) blood levels is suggested for patients receiving more than the usual maintenance dosage level of Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)).

For full term infants and children up to 5 years of age, 100 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended. For premature infants (birth weight less than 1500 g) up to 3 kg in body weight, 300 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.3 mL/kg/day) is suggested.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (List No. 4090).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Revised: October, 2004


© Hospira 2004 EN-0488 Printed in USA

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

10 mL Vial

Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate))

1 mg/mL

Spectramin Chelate (Zinc (Zinc Proteinate)) Chloride Inj., USP

Rx only

FOR I.V. USE ONLY AFTER DILUTION.

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

Spectramin Chelate pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Spectramin Chelate available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Spectramin Chelate destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Spectramin Chelate Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Spectramin Chelate pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."COPPER: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."CALCIUM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "Iodine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Spectramin Chelate?

Depending on the reaction of the Spectramin Chelate after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Spectramin Chelate not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Spectramin Chelate addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Spectramin Chelate, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Spectramin Chelate consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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