Spamic Plus

Acetaminophen:

• Pharmacological action
• Why is Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) prescribed?
• Paracetamol dosage and administration
• Spamic Plus side effects, adverse reactions
• Contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special Instructions
• Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) Drug Interactions
• Spamic Plus in case of emergency / overdose
• Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) reviews

Pharmacological action

Spamic Plus is an analgesic-antipyretic. It has analgesic, antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory action. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, the predominant influence on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus, enhances heat transfer.

Why is Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) prescribed?

Pain weak and moderate intensity of different genesis (including headache, migraine, toothache, neuralgia, myalgia, algomenorrhea; pain in trauma, burns). Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Paracetamol dosage and administration

Oral or rectally adults and adolescents with a body weight over 60 kg is used in a single dose of 500 mg, the multiplicity of admission - up to 4 times / Maximum duration of treatment - 5-7 days.

Maximum dose: single - 1 g, daily - 4 g.

Single dose for oral administration for children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 120-250 mg, from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg, up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg. Single dose rectal in children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 125-250 mg.

Multiplicity - 4 at intervals of not less than 4 h. The maximum duration of treatment - 3 days.

Maximum dose: 4 single dose per day.

Spamic Plus side effects, adverse reactions

Digestive system: rarely - dyspepsia; long-term use at high doses - hepatotoxic effects, methemoglobinemia, renal dysfunction and liver, hypochromic anemia. Hemopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis. Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, itching, hives.

Contraindications

Chronic active alcoholism, increased sensitivity to paracetamol, marked disturbances of liver function and / or kidney disease, anemia, pregnancy.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Paracetamol crosses the placental barrier. So far, no observed adverse effects of paracetamol on the fetus in humans.

Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk: the content in milk was 0.04-0.23% of the dose adopted mother.

If necessary, use of paracetamol during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or child.

In experimental studies found no embryotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic action of paracetamol.

Special Instructions

Spamic Plus is used with caution in patients with disorders of the liver and kidneys, with benign hyperbilirubinemia, as well as in elderly patients.

With prolonged use of paracetamol is necessary to monitor patterns of peripheral blood and functional state of the liver.

Used for treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome in combination with pamabrom (diuretic, a derivative of xanthine) and mepyramine (Histamine H1-receptors blocker).

Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) Drug Interactions

With the simultaneous use with inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, means having hepatotoxic effect, increasing the risk of hepatotoxic action of paracetamol.

With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants may be slight to moderate increase in prothrombin time.

With the simultaneous use of anticholinergics may decrease absorption of paracetamol.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives accelerated excretion of paracetamol from the body and may reduce its analgesic action.

With the simultaneous use with urological means reduced their effectiveness.

With the simultaneous use of activated charcoal reduced bioavailability of paracetamol.

When Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) applied simultaneously with diazepam may decrease excretion of diazepam.

There have been reports about the possibility of enhancing mielodepression effect of zidovudine while applying with paracetamol. A case of severe toxic liver injury.

Described cases of toxic effects of paracetamol, while the use of isoniazid.

When applied simultaneously with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidonom decreases the effectiveness of paracetamol, which is caused by an increase in its metabolism and excretion from the body. Cases of hepatotoxicity, while the use of paracetamol and phenobarbital.

In applying cholestyramine a period of less than 1 h after administration of paracetamol may decrease of its absorption.

At simultaneous application with lamotrigine moderately increased excretion of lamotrigine from the body.

With the simultaneous use of metoclopramide may increase absorption of paracetamol and its increased concentration in blood plasma.

When applied simultaneously with probenecid may decrease clearance of paracetamol, with rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone - may increase clearance of paracetamol due to increasing its metabolism in the liver.

At simultaneous application of Spamic Plus (Acetaminophen) with ethinylestradiol increases absorption of paracetamol from the gut.

Enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives and indandione). Antipyretic and analgesic activity of caffeine increases, reduce - rifampicin, phenobarbital and alcohol (accelerated biotransformation, inducing microsomal liver enzymes).

Spamic Plus in case of emergency / overdose

At a reception in toxic doses (10-15 g in adults) may develop liver necrosis.

Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, extreme tiredness, unusual bleeding or bruising, pain in the upper right part of the stomach, yellowing of the skin or eyes, flu-like symptoms

Mefenamic Acid:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and other treatment options before deciding to use Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid). Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation ).

Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is indicated:

• For relief of mild to moderate pain in patients ≥ 14 years of age, when therapy will not exceed one week (7 days).
• For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is contraindicated in the following patients:

• Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) or any components of the drug product (see WARNINGS; Anaphylactic Reactions, Serious Skin Reactions).
• History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see WARNINGS; Anaphylactic Reaction, Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity).
• In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see WARNINGS; Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events ).

WARNINGS

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Clinical trials of several COX-2 selective and nonselective NSAIDs of up to three years duration have shown an increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, which can be fatal. Based on available data, it is unclear that the risk for CV thrombotic events is similar for all NSAIDs. The relative increase in serious CV thrombotic events over baseline conferred by NSAID use appears to be similar in those with and without known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease. However, patients with known CV disease or risk factors had a higher absolute incidence of excess serious CV thrombotic events, due to their increased baseline rate. Some observational studies found that this increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events began as early as the first weeks of treatment. The increase in CV thrombotic risk has been observed most consistently at higher doses.

To minimize the potential risk for an adverse CV event in NSAID-treated patients, use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible. Physicians and patients should remain alert for the development of such events throughout the entire treatment course, even in the absence of previous CV symptoms. Patients should be informed about the symptoms of serious CV events and the steps to take if they occur.

There is no consistent evidence that concurrent use of aspirin mitigates the increased risk of serious CV thrombotic events associated with NSAID use. The concurrent use of aspirin and an NSAID, such as Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), increases the risk of serious gastrointestinal (GI) events (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation ).

Status Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery

Two large, controlled, clinical trials of a COX-2 selective NSAID for the treatment of pain in the first 10-14 days following CABG surgery found an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. NSAIDs are contraindicated in the setting of CABG (see CONTRAINDICATIONS).

Post-MI Patients

Observational studies conducted in the Danish National Registry have demonstrated that patients treated with NSAIDs in the post-MI period were at increased risk of reinfarction, CV-related death, and all-cause mortality beginning in the first week of treatment. In this same cohort, the incidence of death in the first year post-MI was 20 per 100 person years in NSAID-treated patients compared to 12 per 100 person years in non-NSAID exposed patients. Although the absolute rate of death declined somewhat after the first year post-MI, the increased relative risk of death in NSAID users persisted over at least the next four years of follow-up.

Avoid the use of Spamic Plus in patients with a recent MI unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of recurrent CV thrombotic events. If Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is used in patients with a recent MI, monitor patients for signs of cardiac ischemia.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation

NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), cause serious gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events including inflammation, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, or large intestine, which can be fatal. These serious adverse events can occur at any time, with or without warning symptoms, in patients treated with NSAIDs. Only one in five patients who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy is symptomatic. Upper GI ulcers, gross bleeding, or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1% of patients treated for 3-6 months, and in about 2-4% of patients treated for one year. However, even short-term NSAID therapy is not without risk.

Risk Factors for GI Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation

Patients with a prior history of peptic ulcer disease and/or GI bleeding who used NSAIDs had a greater than 10-fold increased risk for developing a GI bleed compared to patients without these risk factors. Other factors that increase the risk for GI bleeding in patients treated with NSAIDs include longer duration of NSAID therapy, concomitant use of oral corticosteroids, aspirin, anticoagulants, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ; smoking, use of alcohol, older age, and poor general health status. Most postmarketing reports of fatal GI events occurred in elderly or debilitated patients. Additionally, patients with advanced liver disease and/or coagulopathy are at increased risk for GI bleeding.

Strategies to Minimize the GI Risks in NSAID-treated patients

• Use the lowest effective dosage for the shortest possible duration.
• Avoid administration of more than one NSAID at a time.
• Avoid use in patients at higher risk unless benefits are expected to outweigh the increased risk of bleeding. For such patients, as well as those with active GI bleeding, consider alternate therapies other than NSAIDs.
• Remain alert for signs and symptoms of GI ulceration and bleeding during NSAID therapy.
• If a serious GI adverse event is suspected, promptly initiate evaluation and treatment, and discontinue Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) until a serious GI adverse event is ruled out.
• In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, monitor patients more closely for evidence of GI bleeding (see PRECAUTIONS; Drug Interactions ).

Hepatotoxicity

Elevations of ALT or AST have been reported in approximately 1% of NSAID-treated patients in clinical trials. In addition, rare, sometimes fatal, cases of severe hepatic injury, including fulminant hepatitis, liver necrosis, and hepatic failure have been reported.

Elevations of ALT or AST (less than three times ULN) may occur in up to 15% of patients treated with NSAIDs including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid).

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity (e.g., nausea, fatigue, lethargy, diarrhea, pruritus, jaundice, right upper quadrant tenderness, and "flu-like" symptoms). If clinical signs and symptoms consistent with liver disease develop, or if systemic manifestations occur (e.g., eosinophilia, rash, etc.), discontinue Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) immediately, and perform a clinical evaluation of the patient.

Hypertension

NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), can lead to new onset of hypertension or worsening of pre-existing hypertension, either of which may contribute to the increased incidence of CV events. Patients taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, thiazides diuretics, or loop diuretics may have impaired response to these therapies when taking NSAIDs (see PRECAUTIONS; Drug Interactions ).

Monitor blood pressure (BP) during the initiation of NSAID treatment and throughout the course of therapy.

Heart Failure and Edema

The Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists' Collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials demonstrated an approximately two-fold increase in hospitalizations for heart failure in COX-2 selective-treated patients and nonselective NSAID-treated patients compared to placebo-treated patients. In a Danish National Registry study of patients with heart failure, NSAID use increased the risk of MI, hospitalization for heart failure, and death.

Additionally, fluid retention and edema have been observed in some patients treated with NSAIDs. Use of Spamic Plus may blunt the CV effects of several therapeutic agents used to treat these medical conditions (e.g., diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs]) (see PRECAUTIONS; Drug Interactions ).

Avoid the use of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) in patients with severe heart failure unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening heart failure. If Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is used in patients with severe heart failure, monitor patients for signs of worsening heart failure.

Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia

Renal Toxicity

Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury.

Renal toxicity has also been seen in patients in whom renal prostaglandins have a compensatory role in the maintenance of renal perfusion. In these patients, administration of an NSAID may cause a dose-dependent reduction in prostaglandin formation and, secondarily, in renal blood flow, which may precipitate overt renal decompensation. Patients at greatest risk of this reaction are those with impaired renal function, dehydration, hypovolemia, heart failure, liver dysfunction, those taking diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs, and the elderly. Discontinuation of NSAID therapy is usually followed by recovery to the pretreatment state.

No information is available from controlled clinical studies regarding the use of Spamic Plus in patients with advanced renal disease. The renal effects of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) may hasten the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with pre-existing renal disease.

Correct volume status in dehydrated or hypovolemic patients prior to initiating Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid). Monitor renal function in patients with renal or hepatic impairment, heart failure, dehydration, or hypovolemia during use of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) (see PRECAUTIONS; Drug Interactions ). Avoid the use of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) in patients with advanced renal disease unless the benefits are expected to outweigh the risk of worsening renal function. If Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is used in patients with advanced renal disease, monitor patients for signs of worsening renal function.

Hyperkalemia

Increases in serum potassium concentration, including hyperkalemia, have been reported with use of NSAIDs, even in some patients without renal impairment. In patients with normal renal function, these effects have been attributed to a hyporeninemic-hypoaldosteronism state.

Anaphylactic Reactions

Spamic Plus has been associated with anaphylactic reactions in patients with and without known hypersensitivity to Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS; Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity).

Seek emergency help if anaphylactic reaction occurs.

Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity

A subpopulation of patients with asthma may have aspirin-sensitive asthma which may include chronic rhinosinusitis complicated by nasal polyps; severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm; and/or intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs. Because cross-reactivity between aspirin and other NSAIDs has been reported in such aspirin-sensitive patients, Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is contraindicated in patients with this form of aspirin sensitivity (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). When Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is used in patients with pre-existing asthma (without known aspirin sensitivity), monitor patients for changes in the signs and symptoms of asthma.

Serious Skin Reactions

NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus, can cause serious skin adverse reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which can be fatal. These serious events may occur without warning. Inform patients about the signs and symptoms of serious skin reactions and to discontinue the use of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) at the first appearance of skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) is contraindicated in patients with previous serious skin reactions to NSAIDs (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ).

Premature Closure of Fetal Ducts Arteriosus

Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) may cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks of gestation (third trimester) (see PRECAUTIONS; Pregnancy ).

Hematological Toxicity

Anemia has occurred in NSAID-treated patients. This may be due to occult or gross blood loss, fluid retention, or an incompletely described effect on erythropoiesis. If a patient treated with Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) has any signs or symptoms of anemia, monitor hemoglobin or hematocrit.

NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), may increase the risk of bleeding events. Co-morbid conditions such as coagulation disorders or concomitant use of warfarin, other anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may increase this risk. Monitor these patients for signs of bleeding .

PRECAUTIONS

General

Spamic Plus cannot be expected to substitute for corticosteroids or to treat corticosteroid insufficiency. Abrupt discontinuation of corticosteroids may lead to disease exacerbation.. Patients on prolonged corticosteroid therapy should have their therapy tapered slowly if a decision is made to discontinue corticosteroids.

Information for Patients

Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide) that accompanies each prescription dispensed. Inform patients, families and their caregivers of the following information before initiating therapy with Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and periodically during the course of ongoing therapy.

Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of cardiovascular thrombotic events, including chest pain, shortness of breath, weakness, or slurring of speech, and to report any of these symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation

Advise patients to report symptoms of ulcerations and bleeding, including epigastric pain, dyspepsia, melena, and hematemesis to their healthcare provider. In the setting of concomitant use of low-dose aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis, inform patients of the increased risk for and the signs and symptoms of GI bleeding (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation).

Hepatotoxicity

Inform patients of the warning signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. If these occur, instruct patients to stop Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and seek immediate medical therapy (see WARNINGS; Hepatotoxicity ).

Heart Failure and Edema

Advise patients to be alert for the symptoms of congestive heart failure including shortness of breath, unexplained weight gain, or edema and to contact their healthcare provider if such symptoms occur (see WARNINGS; Heart Failure and Edema ).

Anaphylactic Reactions

Inform patients of the signs of an anaphylactic reaction. Instruct patients to seek immediate emergency help if these occur (see CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS; Anaphylactic Reactions ).

Serious Skin Reactions

Advise patients to stop Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) immediately if they develop any type of rash and contact their healthcare provider as soon as possible (see WARNINGS; Serious Skin Reactions ).

Female Fertility

Advise females of reproductive potential who desire pregnancy that NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus, may be associated with a reversible delay in ovulation. .

Fetal Toxicity

Inform pregnant women to avoid use of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and other NSAIDs starting at 30 weeks gestation because of the risk of the premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (see WARNINGS; Premature Closure of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus ).

Avoid Concomitant Use of NSAIDs

Inform patients that the concomitant use of Spamic Plus with other NSAIDs or salicylates (e.g., diflunisal, salsalate) is not recommended due to the increased risk of gastrointestinal toxicity, and little or no increase in efficacy (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation, PRECAUTIONS; Drug Interactions ). Alert patients that NSAIDs may be present in "over the counter" medications for treatment of colds, fever, or insomnia.

Use of NSAIDS and Low-Dose Aspirin

Inform patients not to use low-dose aspirin concomitantly with Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) until they talk to their healthcare provider .

Masking of Inflammation and Fever

The pharmacological activity of Spamic Plus in reducing inflammation, and possibly fever, may diminish the utility of diagnostic signs in detecting infections.

Laboratory Monitoring

Because serious GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity, and renal injury can occur without warning symptoms or signs, consider monitoring patients on long-term NSAID treatment with a CBC and a chemistry profile checked periodically (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation, and Hepatotoxicity ).

Drug Interactions

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions

Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) may prolong prothrombin time. Therefore, when the drug is administered to patients receiving oral anticoagulant drugs, frequent monitoring of prothrombin time is necessary.

A false-positive reaction for urinary bile, using the diazo tablet test, may result after Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) administration. If biliuria is suspected, other diagnostic procedures, such as the Harrison spot test, should be performed.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenesis

Long-term studies in animals to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Spamic Plus have not been conducted.

Mutagenesis

Studies to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) have not been completed.

Impairment of Fertility

Dietary administration of Spamic Plus to male rats 61 days- and to female rats 15 days- prior to mating through to Gestation Day (GD) 21 at a dose of 155 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the Maximum Recommended Human Dose [MRHD] of 1500 mg/day on a mg/m² basis) resulted in decreased corpora lutea.

In another study, rats administered up to 10-times a human dose of 250 mg showed decreased fertility.

Pregnancy

Risk Summary

Use of NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus, during the third trimester of pregnancy increases the risk of premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus. Avoid use of NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), in pregnant women starting at 30 weeks of gestation (third trimester) .

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) in pregnant women.

Data from observational studies regarding potential embryofetal risks of NSAID use in women in the first or second trimesters of pregnancy are inconclusive. In the general U.S. population, all clinically recognized pregnancies, regardless of drug exposure, have a background rate of 2-4% for major malformations, and 15-20% for pregnancy loss. In animal reproduction studies in rats and rabbits when dosed throughout gestation, there were no evidence of developmental effects at a dose of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) 1.6-times and 0.6-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD), respectively. Dietary administration of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) at a dose 1.2-times the MRHD from gestation day (GD) 15 to weaning or at a dose equivalent to the MRHD from 15 days prior to mating through to weaning resulted in greater incidences of perinatal death . Based on animal data, prostaglandins have been shown to have an important role in endometrial vascular permeability, blastocyst implantation, and decidualization. In animal studies, administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors such as Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), resulted in increased pre- and post-implantation loss.

Data

Animal data

Pregnant rats administered 249 mg/kg of Spamic Plus (1.6-times the MRHD of 1500 mg/day on a mg/m² basis) from GD 6 to GD 15 did not result in any clear adverse developmental effects.

Pregnant rabbits given 50 mg/kg of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) (0.6-times the MRHD on a mg/m² basis) from GD 6 to GD 18 did not result in any clear treatment-related adverse developmental effects. However, incidences of resorption were greater in treated compared to control animals. This dose was associated with some evidence of maternal toxicity with 4 of 18 rabbits exhibiting diarrhea and weight loss.

Dietary administration of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) at a dose of 181 mg/kg (1.2-times the MRHD on a mg/m² basis) to pregnant rats from GD 15 to weaning resulted in an increased incidence of perinatal death. Treated dams were associated with decreased weight gain and delayed parturition. In another study, dietary administration of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) at a dose of 155 mg/kg (equivalent to the MRHD of 1500 mg/day on a mg/m² basis) to females 15 days prior to mating through to weaning resulted in smaller average litter sizes and higher incidence of perinatal death.

Labor and Delivery

In rat studies with NSAIDs, as with other drugs known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, an increased incidence of dystocia, delayed parturition, decreased pup survival occurred and increased the incidence of stillbirth. The effects of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.

Nursing Mothers

Trace amounts of Spamic Plus may be present in breast milk and transmitted to the nursing infant. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Infertility

Females

Based on the mechanism of action, the use of prostaglandin-mediated NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus may delay or prevent rupture of ovarian follicles, which has been associated with reversible infertility in some women. Published animal studies have shown that administration of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors has the potential to disrupt prostaglandin in mediated follicular rupture required for ovulation. Small studies in women treated with NSAIDs have also shown a reversible delay in ovulation. Consider withdrawal of NSAIDs, including Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), in women who have difficulties conceiving or who are undergoing investigation of infertility.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 14 have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Elderly patients, compared to younger patients, are at greater risk for NSAID-associated serious cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or renal adverse reactions. If the anticipated benefit for the elderly patient outweighs these potential risks, start dosing at the low end of the dosing range, and monitor patients for adverse effects .

Clinical studies of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. As with any NSAID, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, ADVERSE REACTIONS ).

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling:

• Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events
• GI Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation (see WARNINGS)
• Hepatotoxicity (see WARNINGS)
• Hypertension (see WARNINGS)
• Heart Failure and Edema (see WARNINGS))
• Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia (see WARNINGS )
• Anaphylactic Reactions (see WARNINGS)
• Serious Skin Reactions (see WARNINGS)
• Hematologic Toxicity (see WARNINGS)

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In patients taking Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) or other NSAIDs, the most frequently reported adverse experiences occurring in approximately 1-10% of patients are:

Gastrointestinal experiences including - abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gross bleeding/perforation, heartburn, nausea, GI ulcers (gastric/duodenal), vomiting, abnormal renal function, anemia, dizziness, edema, elevated liver enzymes, headaches, increased bleeding time, pruritus, rashes, tinnitus

Additional adverse experiences reported occasionally and listed here by body system include:

Body as a whole - fever, infection, sepsis

Cardiovascular system - congestive heart failure, hypertension, tachycardia, syncope

Digestive system - dry mouth, esophagitis, gastric/peptic ulcers, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, glossitis, hematemesis, hepatitis, jaundice

Hemic and lymphatic system - ecchymosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, melena, purpura, rectal bleeding, stomatitis, thrombocytopenia

Metabolic and nutritional - weight changes

Nervous system - anxiety, asthenia, confusion, depression, dream abnormalities, drowsiness; insomnia, malaise, nervousness, paresthesia, somnolence, tremors, vertigo

Respiratory system - asthma, dyspnea

Skin and appendages - alopecia, photosensitivity, pruritus, sweat

Special senses - blurred vision

Urogenital system - cystitis, dysuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, oliguria/polyuria, proteinuria, renal failure

Other adverse reactions, which occur rarely are:

Body as a whole - anaphylactoid reactions, appetite changes, death

Cardiovascular system - arrhythmia, hypotension, myocardial infarction, palpitations, vasculitis

Digestive system - eructation, liver failure, pancreatitis

Hemic and lymphatic system - agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, lymph-adenopathy, pancytopenia

Metabolic and nutritional - hyperglycemia

Nervous system - convulsions, coma, hallucinations, meningitis

Respiratory - respiratory depression, pneumonia

Skin and appendages - angioedema, toxic epidermal necrosis, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, urticaria

Special senses - conjunctivitis, hearing impairment

OVERDOSAGE

Symptoms following acute NSAID overdosages have been typically limited to lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, which have been generally reversible with supportive care. Gastrointestinal bleeding has occurred. Hypertension, acute renal failure, respiratory depression and coma have occurred, but were rare .

Manage patients with symptomatic and supportive care following an NSAID overdosage. There are no specific antidotes. Consider emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, 1 to 2 grams per kg of body weight in pediatric patients) and/or osmotic cathartic in symptomatic patients seen within four hours of ingestion or in patients with a large overdose (5 to 10 times the recommended dosage). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.

For additional information about overdosage treatment, contact a poison control center (1-800-222-1222).

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid) and other treatment options before deciding to use Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid). Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation ).

After observing the response to initial therapy with Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid), the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs.

For the relief of acute pain in adults and adolescents ≥14 years of age, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours as needed, usually not to exceed one week.

For the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours, given orally, starting with the onset of bleeding and associated symptoms. Clinical studies indicate that effective treatment can be initiated with the start of menses and should not be necessary for more than 2 to 3 days.

HOW SUPPLIED

Spamic Plus (mefenamic acid) is available as 250 mg blue-banded, ivory capsules, imprinted with " FHPC 400" and "PONSTEL^®".

Dispense in a tight container as defined in the USP.

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Storage

Store at room temperature 20° to 25°C (68°to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

Manufactured for:

Shionogi Inc.

Florham Park, NJ 07932

Manufactured by:

Halo Pharmaceutical Inc.

Whippany, NJ 07981

Rev. 05/2016

For inquires call 1-800-849-9707

NDC 59630-400-30

Spamic Plus (Mefenamic Acid)^®

(Mefenamic Acid Capsules, USP)

250 mg

Rx Only

30 CAPSULES

PHARMACIST: PLEASE DISPENSE

WITH MEDICATION GUIDE

SHIONOGI INC.