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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Somnal
What are the side effects you encounter while taking this medicine? |
Somnal uses
Pharmacological action
Somnal is a sleeping drug from group of cyclopyrrolone derivatives. This drug is "non benzodiazepine" agonist of benzodiazepine receptors. Somnal also has sedative, anxiolytic, muscle-relaxing center, anticonvulsant and amnesic properties. Like a derivative of benzodiazepine Somnal enhances GABA-ergic processes in the brain, interacting with the benzodiazepine receptors, as a result of the increased sensitivity of GABA-receptors to the neurotransmitter. However, Somnal apparently interacts with other parts of the benzodiazepine receptor than benzodiazepines.
Somnal reduced sleep time, reduces the number of nighttime awakenings, increases total sleep time. This medication almost has no effect on sleep structure, does not reduce significantly the amount of REM sleep. Consequences of the phenomenon of waking up are missing or expressed little. Readmission Somnal are not accompanied by cumulation.
Pharmacokinetics
Somnal rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cmax achieved within 1-3 hours. Somnal easily passes through gistogematicheskie barriers including the BBB and it is distributed in organs and tissues including brain. T1/2 is 5.5-6 hours, not accumulates.
Why is Somnal prescribed?
Sleep disturbance, transient, situational or chronic insomnia; sleep disturbances in mental disorders, bronchial asthma with nocturnal seizures (in combination with single dose daily dose of theophylline).
Dosage and administration
The average therapeutic dose of Somnal is 7.5 mg orally at night, in cases of severe insomnia the dose can be increased up to 15 mg. In elderly patients, as well as abnormal liver function is used 3.75 mg.
Somnal side effects, adverse reactions
Digestive system: a feeling of bitter or metallic taste in the mouth, dry mouth, nausea, and vomiting.
CNS: dizziness, headache, drowsiness, confusion, anterograde amnesia, hallucinations, nightmares.
Dermatologic reactions: skin rash.
Somnal contraindications
Severe respiratory failure, pregnancy, lactation, children and teens under 15 years old, hypersensitivity to Somnal.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Somnal is contraindicated during pregnancy (especially in I and III trimester) and lactation (breastfeeding). If a woman uses Somnal in III trimester of pregnancy there are possible violations of the nervous system in the newborn, the emergence of withdrawal syndrome. If the woman is prescribed by a doctor took Somnal immediately prior to labor and delivery, it needs a constant medical surveillance for the newborn. At the time of treatment it should be stoped breastfeeding (zopiclone penetrates into breast milk).
Special instructions
With caution use in patients with severe liver failure.
Risk of drug dependence is minimal if the duration of Somnal did not exceed 4 weeks. However, the potential danger of Somnal dependence to exist.
During the period of treatment patients should to exclude the use of alcohol.
On the next day after taking the drug it should be cautious to drive and operate machinery.
Somnal drug interactions
Simultaneous administration of Somnal with trimipramine reduces the concentration of trimipramine in plasma and its effect.
Somnal increases the influence of CNS depressants.
Somnal in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: CNS depression of varying severity (from drowsiness to loss of consciousness).
Treatment: gastric lavage, taking activated charcoal, if necessary - symptomatic therapy. As a specific antidote used benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil (in hospital). Hemodialysis is ineffective.
Somnal pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Somnal available forms, composition, doses:
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.