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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death . Avoid use of opioid cough medications in patients taking benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol.
WARNING: RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS
Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Avoid use of opioid cough medications in patients taking benzodiazepines, CNS depressants, or alcohol .
Boxed Warning | 1/2017 |
Warnings and Precautions (5) | 1/2017 |
Rezira Oral Solution is a combination product containing an antitussive and nasal decongestant indicated for:
Important Limitations of Use:
Not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age
Rezira® Oral Solution (hydrocodone bitartrate and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride) is indicated for:
Relief of cough and nasal congestion associated with common cold.
Important Limitations of Use:
Not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age .
Administer Rezira Oral Solution by the oral route only. Measure Rezira Oral Solution with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Do not use a household teaspoon to measure the dose .
For oral use only.
5 mL every 4 to 6 hours as needed, not to exceed 4 doses (20 mL) in 24 hours.
Rezira is a clear, colorless to light yellow, grape-flavored liquid.
Each 5 mL of Rezira Oral Solution contains: Rezira, USP, 5 mg; and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, USP, 60 mg .
Each 5 mL of Rezira Oral Solution contains: Rezira, USP, 5 mg; and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, USP, 60 mg. (3)
Rezira Oral Solution is contraindicated in:
Concomitant use of opioids, including Rezira, with benzodiazepines, or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, avoid use of opioid cough medications in patients taking benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol .
Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. Because of similar pharmacologic properties, it is reasonable to expect similar risk with concomitant use of opioid cough medications and benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol.
Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation if Rezira is used with benzodiazepines, alcohol, or other CNS depressants .
Rezira, one of the active ingredients of Rezira Oral Solution, produces dose-related respiratory depression by directly acting on brain stem respiratory centers. Overdose of Rezira in adults has been associated with fatal respiratory depression, and the use of Rezira in children less than 6 years of age has been associated with fatal respiratory depression. Exercise caution when administrating Rezira Oral Solution because of the potential for respiratory depression. If respiratory depression occurs, discontinue Rezira Oral Solution and use naloxone hydrochloride when indicated to antagonize the effect and other supportive measures as necessary .
Hydrocodone can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and therefore, has the potential for being abused. Psychic dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of Rezira Oral Solution. Prescribe and administer Rezira with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other opioid drugs .
The respiratory depression effects of opioids and their capacity to elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, other intracranial lesions, or a pre-existing increase in intracranial pressure. Furthermore, opioids produce adverse reactions which may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injuries. The use of Rezira Oral Solution should be avoided in these patients.
Rezira, one of the active ingredients in Rezira Oral Solution, may produce marked drowsiness and impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery. Advise patients to avoid engaging in hazardous tasks requiring mental alertness and motor coordination after ingestion of Rezira Oral Solution. Concurrent use of Rezira Oral Solution with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants should be avoided because additional impairment of central nervous system performance may occur.
Rezira Oral Solution should be used with caution in patients with acute abdominal conditions since the administration of hydrocodone may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions. The concurrent use of other anticholinergics with hydrocodone may produce paralytic ileus .
The concurrent use of anticholinergics with hydrocodone may produce paralytic ileus. Exercise caution when using Rezira Oral Solution in patients taking anticholinergic medications .
Rezira Oral Solution should not be used in patients receiving MAOI therapy or within 14 days of stopping such therapy as an increase in blood pressure or hypertensive crisis, may occur. In addition, the use of MAOIs or tricyclic antidepressants with Rezira, one of the active ingredients in Rezira Oral Solution, may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone .
The pseudoephedrine hydrochloride contained in Rezira Oral Solution can produce cardiovascular and central nervous system effects in some patients such as insomnia, dizziness, weakness, tremor, or arrhythmias. In addition, central nervous system stimulation with convulsions or cardiovascular collapse with accompanying hypotension has been reported. Therefore, Rezira Oral Solution should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders, and should not be used in patients with severe hypertension or coronary artery disease.
Patients should be advised to measure Rezira Oral Solution with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Patients should be informed that a household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device and could lead to overdosage, which can result in serious adverse reactions . Patients should be advised to ask their pharmacist to recommend an appropriate measuring device and for instructions for measuring the correct dose.
Rezira Oral Solution should be used with caution in patients with diabetes, thyroid disease, Addison's disease, prostatic hypertrophy or urethral stricture, and asthma.
Rezira Oral Solution should be used with caution in patients with severe renal impairment .
Rezira Oral Solution should be used with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment .
Use of Rezira, a semisynthetic opioid, may result in the following:
Use of pseudoephedrine, a sympathomimetic amine, may result in the following:
The most common adverse reactions are central nervous system and cardiovascular reactions and include the following: Sedation, drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, dizziness, psychic dependence, mood changes, nervousness, sleeplessness, tremor or arrhythmia.
Other adverse reactions include:
Gastrointestinal System: Nausea and vomiting (more frequent in ambulatory than in recumbent patients), constipation.
Genitourinary System: Ureteral spasm, spasm of vesicle sphincters, urinary retention.
Cardiovascular System: Fast, slow heartbeat, hypertension, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, palpitation, shock-like state, syncope.
Dermatological System: Skin rash, pruritus.
The most common adverse reactions of Rezira Oral Solution include: Sedation, drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, dizziness, psychic dependence, mood changes, nervousness, sleeplessness, tremor, or arrhythmia. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at tel: 1-800-793-2145 and www.hawthornrx.com or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
No specific interaction studies have been conducted with Rezira Oral Solution.
The use of benzodiazepines, opioids, antihistamines, antipsychotics, anti-anxiety agents, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with Rezira Oral Solution may cause an additive CNS depressant effect, profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death and should be avoided .
Do not prescribe Rezira Oral Solution if the patient is taking a prescription MAOI, or for 2 weeks after stopping a MAOI drug. The use of MAOIs or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone. An increase in blood pressure or hypertensive crisis may also occur when pseudoephedrine containing preparations are used with MAOIs .
Hydrocodone should be administered cautiously to persons receiving anticholinergic drugs in order to avoid paralytic ileus and excessive anticholinergic effects .
Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C
There are no adequate and well controlled studies of Rezira Oral Solution in pregnant women. Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with Rezira Oral Solution; however, studies are available with an individual active ingredient or related active ingredient. Hydrocodone was teratogenic in hamsters. Codeine, an opiate related to hydrocodone, increased resorptions and decreased fetal weight in rats. Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Rezira Oral Solution should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.
Hydrocodone:
Hydrocodone has been shown to be teratogenic in hamsters when given in a dose approximately 35 times the maximum recommended human daily dose (MRHDD) (on a mg/m2 basis at a single subcutaneous dose of 102 mg/kg on gestation day 8). Reproductive toxicology studies were also conducted with codeine, an opiate related to hydrocodone. In a study in which pregnant rats were dosed throughout organogenesis, a dose of codeine approximately 50 times the MRHDD of hydrocodone (on a mg/m2 basis at an oral dose of 120 mg/kg/day of codeine) increased resorptions and decreased fetal weight; however, these effects occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity. In studies in which rabbits and mice were dosed throughout organogenesis, doses of codeine up to approximately 25 and 120 times, respectively, the MRHDD of hydrocodone (on a mg/m2 basis at oral doses of 30 and 600 mg/kg/day, respectively), produced no adverse developmental effects.
Nonteratogenic Effects: Babies born to mothers who have been taking opioids regularly prior to delivery will be physically dependent. The withdrawal signs include irritability and excessive crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, increased respiratory rate, increased stools, sneezing, yawning, vomiting, and fever. The intensity of the syndrome does not always correlate with the duration of maternal opioid use or dose.
As with all opioids, administration of Rezira Oral Solution to the mother shortly before delivery may result in some degree of respiratory depression in the newborn, especially if higher doses are used.
Caution should be exercised when Rezira is administered to nursing mothers. Hydrocodone and pseudoephedrine are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Rezira Oral Solution, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.
Safety and effectiveness of Rezira Oral Solution in pediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been established. The use of hydrocodone in children less than 6 years of age has been associated with fatal respiratory depression .
Clinical studies have not been conducted with Rezira Oral Solution. Other reported clinical experience with the individual active ingredients of Rezira Oral Solution has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and patients younger than 65 years of age. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be made with caution, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The pseudoephedrine contained in Rezira Oral Solution is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function.
Rezira Oral Solution should be given with caution in patients with severe impairment of renal function. Pseudoephedrine is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine as unchanged drug with the remainder apparently being metabolized in the liver. Therefore, pseudoephedrine may accumulate in patients with renal impairment.
Rezira Oral Solution should be given with caution in patients with severe impairment of hepatic function.
Rezira Oral Solution is a Schedule II controlled prescription containing Rezira and should be prescribed and administered with caution.
Hydrocodone can produce drug dependence of the morphine type and therefore, has the potential for being abused. Psychic dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of Rezira Oral Solution, and it should be prescribed and administered with the same degree of caution appropriate to the use of other opioid drugs.
Psychic dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of opioids; therefore, Rezira Oral Solution should be prescribed and administered with caution.
Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued oral opioid use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of opioid therapy.
No human overdosage data are available for Rezira Oral Solution.
Hydrocodone:
Overdosage with hydrocodone is characterized by respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdosage, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, and death may occur.
Pseudoephedrine:
Overdosage with sympathomimetics, such as pseudoephedrine, may give rise to giddiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, thirst, tachycardia, precordial pain, palpitations, difficulty in micturition, muscle weakness and tenseness, anxiety, restlessness, and insomnia. Many patients can present a toxic psychosis with delusion and hallucinations. Some may develop cardiac arrhythmias, circulatory collapse, convulsion, coma, and respiratory failure.
Treatment of overdosage consists of discontinuation of Rezira Oral Solution together with institution of appropriate therapy. Primary attention should be given to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of a patent airway and the institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. The opioid antagonist naloxone hydrochloride is a specific antidote for respiratory depression which may result from overdosage or unusual sensitivity to opioids including hydrocodone. Therefore, an appropriate dose of naloxone hydrochloride should be administered, preferably by the intravenous route, simultaneously with efforts at respiratory resuscitation. For further information, see full prescribing information for naloxone hydrochloride. An antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory depression. Oxygen, intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and other supportive measures should be employed as indicated. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug.
Rezira Oral Solution contains Rezira (a semisynthetic centrally-acting opioid antitussive) and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (a sympathomimetic amine).
Each 5 mL dose of Rezira Oral Solution contains: Rezira, USP, 5 mg; and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, USP, 60 mg.
Rezira Oral Solution also contains: citric acid anhydrous, glycerin, grape flavor, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, sodium citrate, sodium saccharin, and sucrose.
Rezira is morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-, (5α)-, [R-(R*,R*)]-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1:1), hydrate (2:5); also known as 4,5α-Epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5); a fine white crystal or crystalline powder, which is derived from the opium alkaloid, thebaine; and may be represented by the following structural formula:
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Rezira C18H21NO3 ∙ C4H6O6 ∙ 2.5 H2O Molecular weight = 494.5 |
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is benzenemethanol, α-[1-(methylamino)ethyl]-, [S-(R*,R*)] hydrochloride and has the following chemical structure:
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Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride C10H15NO ∙ HCl Molecular weight = 201.69 |
Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic antitussive and analgesic with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. The precise mechanism of action of hydrocodone and other opiates is not known; however, hydrocodone is believed to act directly on the cough center. In excessive doses, hydrocodone will depress respiration. Hydrocodone can produce miosis, euphoria, and physical and physiological dependence.
Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is an orally active sympathomimetic amine and exerts a decongestant action on the nasal mucosa. Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is recognized as an effective agent for the relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold. Pseudoephedrine produces peripheral effects similar to those of ephedrine and central effects similar to, but less intense than, amphetamines. It has the potential for excitatory side effects.
Systemic exposure (in terms of peak plasma concentrations and area under plasma concentration versus time curve) of Rezira and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride after single-dose administration of 5 mg hydrocodone and 60 mg pseudoephedrine are equivalent to respective reference solutions of 5 mL Rezira (5 mg/5 mL) and 5 mL pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (60 mg/5 mL).
Hydrocodone had a mean (SD) peak plasma concentration of 10.6 (2.63) ng/mL at 1.4 (0.55) hours. The mean plasma half-life of hydrocodone is approximately 4.9 hours. Pseudoephedrine had a mean (SD) peak plasma concentration of 212 (46.2) ng/mL at 1.8 (0.56) hours. The mean plasma half-life of pseudoephedrine is approximately 5.6 hours.
Specific Populations
Renal Impairment
Pseudoephedrine is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine as unchanged drug with the remainder apparently being metabolized in the liver. Therefore, pseudoephedrine may accumulate in patients with renal impairment.
Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive studies have not been conducted with Rezira Oral Solution; however, published information is available for the individual active ingredients or related active ingredients.
Hydrocodone:
Carcinogenicity studies were conducted with codeine, an opiate related to hydrocodone. In 2 year studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice, codeine showed no evidence of tumorigenicity at dietary doses up to 70 and 400 mg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 30 and 80 times, respectively, the MRHDD of hydrocodone on a mg/m2 basis).
Pseudoephedrine:
Two-year feeding studies in rats and mice demonstrated no evidence of carcinogenic potential with ephedrine sulfate, a structurally related drug with pharmacological properties similar to pseudoephedrine, at dietary doses up to 10 and 27 mg/kg, respectively (approximately 0.3 and 0.5 times, respectively, the MRHDD of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride on a mg/m2 basis).
Efficacy studies were not conducted with Rezira Oral Solution. Efficacy of Rezira Oral Solution is based on demonstration of bioequivalence to the individual reference products .
Rezira Oral Solution is supplied as a clear, colorless to light yellow, grape-flavored solution containing 5 mg Rezira and 60 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in each 5 mL. It is available in:
White HDPE bottles of one pint (480 mL): NDC 63717-875-16
Store solution at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).
Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container, as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure.
Patients should be advised not to increase the dose or dosing frequency of Rezira Oral Solution because serious adverse events such as respiratory depression may occur with overdosage .
Patients should be advised to measure Rezira Oral Solution with an accurate milliliter measuring device. Patients should be informed that a household teaspoon is not an accurate measuring device and could lead to overdosage, especially when half a teaspoon is measured. Patients should be advised to ask their pharmacist to recommend an appropriate measuring device and for instructions for measuring the correct dose .
Inform patients and caregivers that potentially fatal additive effects may occur if Rezira Oral Solution is used with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol. Because of this risk, patients should avoid concomitant use of Rezira Oral Solution with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol .
Patients should be advised to avoid engaging in hazardous tasks that require mental alertness and motor coordination such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle as Rezira Oral Solution may produce marked drowsiness .
Patients should be cautioned that Rezira Oral Solution contains Rezira and can produce drug dependence .
Patients should be informed that due to its pseudoephedrine component, they should not use Rezira Oral Solution with a MAOI or within 14 days of stopping the use of an MAOI .
Manufactured for: Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morristown, NJ 07960
Rezira Oral Solution is a Registered Trademark of Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Copyright ©2017 Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
HI246
Rev 1/2017
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration | Issued: January 2017 | |
MEDICATION GUIDE Rezira® (re-zear-uh) (hydrocodone bitartrate and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride) Oral Solution, CII | ||
What is the most important information I should know about Rezira?
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What is Rezira?
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Who should not take Rezira?
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Before you take Rezira, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: | ||
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Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Taking Rezira with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well Rezira or the other medicines work. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you:
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How should I take Rezira?
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What should I avoid while taking Rezira?
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What are the possible side effects of Rezira? Rezira may cause serious side effects, including:
The most common side effects of Rezira include: | ||
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These are not all the possible side effects of Rezira. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | ||
How should I store Rezira?
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General information about the safe and effective use of Rezira. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use Rezira for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Rezira to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Rezira that is written for health professionals. | ||
What are the ingredients in Rezira? Active ingredients: Rezira and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Inactive ingredients: citric acid anhydrous, glycerin, grape flavor, methylparaben, propylene glycol, propylparaben, purified water, sodium citrate, sodium saccharin, and sucrose. Rezira is manufactured for Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morristown, NJ 07960. Rezira is a registered trademark of Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals, Inc. For more information, go to www. REZIRA.com or call 1-800-793-2145. |
NDC 63717-875-16
Rezira ® CII
(Hydrocodone Bitartrate and
Pseudoephedrine HCl) Oral Solution
5 mg/60 mg per 5 mL
Contains:
Hydrocodone
Bitartrate
5 mg/5 mL
WARNING: May be habit forming.
Pseudoephedrine
Hydrochloride
60 mg/5 mL
PHARMACIST: Dispense the enclosed
Medication Guide to each patient.
Rx Only
HAWTHORN
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
16 fl oz (480 mL)
Depending on the reaction of the Rezira after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Rezira not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Rezira addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology