Pro Biosan Kit

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Pro Biosan Kit uses

Pro Biosan Kit consists of Ampicillin, Probenecid.

Ampicillin:


Pharmacological action

Pro Biosan Kit is an antibiotic of semisynthetic broad-spectrum penicillin group. This medication has a bactericidal effect by suppressing the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (with the exception of strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) destroyed by penicillinase. This drug is acid-resistant.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This medicine is distributed in most organs and tissues; crosses the placental barrier, poorly penetrates the BBB. When inflammation of the meninges, BBB permeability increases dramatically. 30% of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) is metabolized in the liver. This medication is excreted in the urine and bile.

Why is Pro Biosan Kit prescribed?

Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by organisms susceptible to Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin): including ear infections, throat, nose, odontogenic infections, bronchopulmonary infections, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections (including salmonella, cholecystitis), gynecological infections, meningitis, endocarditis, septicemia, sepsis, rheumatic fever, erysipelas, scarlet fever, infections of skin and soft tissues.

Dosage and administration

The dosing regimen of Pro Biosan Kit is set individually depending on the severity, localization of infection and sensitivity of the pathogen.

For adults for oral administration a single dose of this medication is 250-500 mg, the multiplicity of the reception is 4 times / day. The dose for children weighing up to 20 kg is 12.5-25 mg / kg every 6 hours.

For IV and IM using the single dose for adults is 250-500 mg every 4-6 hours; for children the single dose is 25-50 mg / kg.

The duration of treatment depends on the localization of infection and features of the disease.

The maximum oral daily dose for adults is 4 g, for IM and IV administration - 14 g.

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Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) side effects, adverse reactions

Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, extremely rare - anaphylactic shock.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting.

The effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, intestinal dysbiosis, colitis caused by Clostridium difficile.

Pro Biosan Kit contraindications

Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, increased sensitivity to Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) and other penicillins, abnormal liver function.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Perhaps the use of Pro Biosan Kit during pregnancy if it may be needed. Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. If necessary to use Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) in the lactation period it should be solved the issue of termination of breastfeeding.

Category effects on the fetus by FDA - B.

Special instructions

In the course of treatment with Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) there is need the regular control of renal function, liver and peripheral blood picture. Patients with impaired renal function requires correction dosing regimen in accordance with the values of CCr.

When used in high doses in patients with renal insufficiency it may be toxic effects on the CNS.

For using of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) in patients with bacteremia (sepsis) it can be bacteriolysis reaction (Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction).

Pro Biosan Kit drug interactions

Simultaneous administration of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) there is manifested synergism; with bacteriostatic antibiotics (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) - antagonism.

Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants by inhibiting the intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.

Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) decreases the effect of drugs in the process of metabolism which produce PABA.

Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) which may be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides slow down and reduce the absorption of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) Upha Corporation. Ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin).

Pro Biosan Kit (Ampicillin) decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Pro Biosan Kit in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: the toxic effect on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal insufficiency), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired water and electrolyte balance (as a consequence of vomiting and diarrhea).

Treatment: gastric lavage, activated charcoal, saline laxatives, a maintain of water and electrolyte balance, symptomatic therapy. This drug is derived by means of hemodialysis.

Probenecid:


DESCRIPTION

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is a uricosuric and renal tubular transport blocking agent.

The chemical name for Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is 4-[(dipropylamino) sulfonyl] benzoic acid (molecular weight 285.37). It has the following structural formula:

C13H19NO4S

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid), USP is a white or nearly white, fine, crystalline powder. Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is soluble in dilute alkali, in alcohol, in chloroform, and in acetone; it is practically insoluble in water and in dilute acids.

Each tablet for oral administration contains 500 mg of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polydextrose, polyethylene glycol, sodium carbonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium starch glycolate, cornstarch, titanium dioxide, triacetin, FD&C Yellow #6, D&C Yellow #10, and FD&C Blue #2.

Structural Formula

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is a uricosuric and renal tubular blocking agent. It inhibits the tubular reabsorption of urate, thus increasing the urinary excretion of uric acid and decreasing serum urate levels. Effective uricosuria reduces the miscible urate pool, retards urate deposition, and promotes resorption of urate deposits.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) inhibits the tubular secretion of penicillin and usually increases penicillin plasma levels by any route the antibiotic is given. A 2-fold to 4-fold elevation has been demonstrated for various penicillins.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) also has been reported to inhibit the renal transport of many other compounds including aminohippuric acid (PAH), aminosalicylic acid (PAS), indomethacin, sodium iodomethamate and related iodinated organic acids, 17-ketosteroids, pantothenic acid, phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP), sulfonamides, and sulfonylureas. See also Drug Interactions.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) decreases both hepatic and renal excretion of sulfobromophthalein (BSP). The tubular reabsorption of phosphorus is inhibited in hypoparathyroid but not in euparathyroid individuals.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) does not influence plasma concentrations of salicylates, nor the excretion of streptomycin, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, or neomycin.

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INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) tablets are indicated for the treatment of the hyperuricemia associated with gout and gouty arthritis.

As an adjuvant to therapy with penicillin or with ampicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, or nafcillin, for elevation and prolongation of plasma levels by whatever route the antibiotic is given.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid).

Children under 2 years of age.

Not recommended in persons with known blood dyscrasias or uric acid kidney stones.

Therapy with Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) should not be started until an acute gouty attack has subsided.

WARNINGS

Exacerbation of gout following therapy with Pro Biosan Kit may occur; in such cases colchicine or other appropriate therapy is advisable.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) increases plasma concentrations of methotrexate in both animals and humans. In animal studies, increased methotrexate toxicity has been reported. If Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is given with methotrexate, the dosage of methotrexate should be reduced and serum levels may need to be monitored.

In patients on Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) the use of salicylates in either small or large doses is contraindicated because it antagonizes the uricosuric action of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid). The biphasic action of salicylates in the renal tubules accounts for the so-called "paradoxical effect" of uricosuric agents. In patients on Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) who require a mild analgesic agent the use of acetaminophen rather than small doses of salicylates would be preferred.

Rarely, severe allergic reactions and anaphylaxis have been reported with the use of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid). Most of these have been reported to occur within several hours after readministration following prior usage of the drug.

The appearance of hypersensitivity reactions requires cessation of therapy with Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid).

Usage In Pregnancy

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) crosses the placental barrier and appears in cord blood. The use of any drug in women of childbearing potential requires that the anticipated benefit be weighed against possible hazards.

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PRECAUTIONS

General

Hematuria, renal colic, costovertebral pain, and formation of uric acid stones associated with the use of Pro Biosan Kit in gouty patients may be prevented by alkalization of the urine and a liberal fluid intake. In these cases when alkali is administered, the acid-base balance of the patient should be watched.

Use with caution in patients with a history of peptic ulcer.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) has been used in patients with some renal impairment, but dosage requirements may be increased. Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) may not be effective in chronic renal insufficiency particularly when the glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/minute or less. Because of its mechanism of action, Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is not recommended in conjunction with a penicillin in the presence of known renal impairment.

A reducing substance may appear in the urine of patients receiving Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid). This disappears with discontinuance of therapy. Suspected glycosuria should be confirmed by using a test specific for glucose.

Drug Interactions

When Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is used to elevate plasma concentrations of penicillin or other beta-lactams, or when such drugs are given to patients taking Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) therapeutically, high plasma concentrations of the other drug may increase the incidence of adverse reactions associated with that drug. In the case of penicillin or other beta-lactams, psychic disturbances have been reported.

The use of salicylates antagonizes the uricosuric action of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid). The uricosuric action of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is also antagonized by pyrazinamide.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) produces an insignificant increase in free sulfonamide plasma concentrations, but a significant increase in total sulfonamide plasma levels. Since Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) decreases the renal excretion of conjugated sulfonamides, plasma concentrations of the latter should be determined from time to time when a sulfonamide and Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) are coadministered for prolonged periods. Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) may prolong or enhance the action of oral sulfonylureas and thereby increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

It has been reported that patients receiving Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) require significantly less thiopental for induction of anesthesia. In addition, ketamine and thiopental anesthesia were significantly prolonged in rats receiving Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid).

The concomitant administration of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) increases the mean plasma elimination half-life of a number of drugs which can lead to increased plasma concentrations. These include agents such as indomethacin, acetaminophen, naproxen, ketoprofen, meclofenamate, lorazepam, and rifampin. Although the clinical significance of this observation has not been established, a lower dosage of the drug may be required to produce a therapeutic effect, and increases in dosage of the drug in question should be made cautiously and in small increments when Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is being coadministrated. Although specific instances of toxicity due to this potential interaction have not been observed to date, physicians should be alert to this possibility.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) given concomitantly with sulindac had only a slight effect on plasma sulfide levels, while plasma levels of sulindac and sulfone were increased. Sulindac was shown to produce a modest reduction in the uricosuric action of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid), which probably is not significant under most circumstances.

In animals and in humans, Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) has been reported to increase plasma concentrations of methotrexate.

Falsely high readings for theophylline have been reported in an in vitro study, using the Schack and Waxler technique, when therapeutic concentrations of theophylline and Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) were added to human plasma.

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ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions have been observed and within each category are listed in order of decreasing severity.

Central Nervous System: headache, dizziness.

Metabolic: precipitation of acute gouty arthritis.

Gastrointestinal: hepatic necrosis, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, sore gums.

Genitourinary: nephrotic syndrome, uric acid stones with or without hematuria, renal colic, costovertebral pain, urinary frequency.

Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, fever, urticaria, pruritus.

Hematologic: aplastic anemia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia which in some patients could be related to genetic deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells, anemia.

Integumentary: dermatitis, alopecia, flushing.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Gout

Therapy with Pro Biosan Kit should not be started until an acute gouty attack has subsided. However, if an acute attack is precipitated during therapy, Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) may be continued without changing the dosage, and full therapeutic dosage of colchicine, or other appropriate therapy, should be given to control the acute attack.

The recommended adult dosage is 250 mg (1/2 Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) tablet), twice a day for one week, followed by 500 mg (1 tablet) twice a day thereafter.

Some degree of renal impairment may be present in patients with gout. A daily dosage of 1000 mg may be adequate. However, if necessary, the daily dosage may be increased by 500 mg increments every 4 weeks within tolerance (and usually not above 2000 mg per day) if symptoms of gouty arthritis are not controlled or the 24 hour uric acid excretion is not above 700 mg. As noted, Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) may not be effective in chronic renal insufficiency particularly when the glomerular filtration rate is 30 mL/minute or less.

Gastric intolerance may be indicative of overdosage, and may be corrected by decreasing the dosage.

As uric acid tends to crystallize out of an acid urine, a liberal fluid intake is recommended, as well as sufficient sodium bicarbonate (3 to 7.5 g daily), or potassium citrate (7.5 g daily) to maintain an alkaline urine.

Alkalization of the urine is recommended until the serum urate level returns to normal limits and tophaceous deposits disappear, i.e., during the period when urinary excretion of uric acid is at a high level. Thereafter, alkalization of the urine and the usual restriction of purine-producing foods may be somewhat relaxed.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) should be continued at the dosage that will maintain normal serum urate levels. When acute attacks have been absent for 6 months or more and serum urate levels remain within normal limits, the daily dosage may be decreased by 500 mg every 6 months. The maintenance dosage should not be reduced to the point where serum urate levels tend to rise.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) and Penicillin Therapy (General)

Adults

The recommended dosage is 2000 mg ) daily in divided doses. This dosage should be reduced in older patients in whom renal impairment may be present.

Children

2–14 years of age:

Initial dose: 25 mg/kg body weight (or 0.7 g/square meter body surface).

Maintenance Dose: 40 mg/kg body weight (or 1.2 g/square meter body surface) per day, divided into 4 doses.

For children weighing more than 50 kg (110 lb) the adult dosage is recommended.

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is contraindicated in children under 2 years of age.

The PSP excretion test may be used to determine the effectiveness of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) in retarding penicillin excretion and maintaining therapeutic levels. The renal clearance of PSP is reduced to about one-fifth the normal rate when dosage of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) is adequate.

Penicillin Therapy *

In uncomplicated gonococcal infections in men and women (urethral, cervical, rectal), 1 g of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) should be given orally with 4.8 million units of aqueous procaine penicillin GSee package circulars of manufacturers for detailed information about CONTRAINDICATIONS, WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS. (given IM), or 3 g of amoxicillin2 (given orally), or 3.5 g of ampicillin2 (given orally).

For further guidance, see CDC recommendations for definition of regimens of choice, alternative regimens, treatment of hypersensitive patients, and other aspects of therapy.

*Recommended by the Center for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Supplement, Volume 34, Number 4S, October 18, 1985).

HOW SUPPLIED

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid) Tablets, USP are available containing 500 mg of Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid), USP.

The tablets are capsule shaped, film-coated yellow, debossed with MYLAN 156 on one side, 500 on the other side. They are available as follows:

NDC 0378-0156-01

bottles of 100 tablets

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

Protect from light.

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP using a child-resistant closure.

Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Morgantown, WV 26505

REVISED MARCH 2006

PROB:R4AQ

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 500 mg

NDC 0378-0156-01

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid)

Tablets, USP

500 mg

Rx only 100 Tablets

Each film-coated tablet contains:

Pro Biosan Kit (Probenecid), USP 500 mg

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant

container as defined in the USP

using a child-resistant closure.

Keep container tightly closed.

Keep this and all medication

out of the reach of children.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

[See USP for Controlled Room

Temperature.]

Protect from light.

Usual Adult

Dosage: See accom-

panying prescribing information.

Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Morgantown, WV 26505 U.S.A.

Mylan.com

RM0156A11

Pro Biosan Kit pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Pro Biosan Kit available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Pro Biosan Kit destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Pro Biosan Kit Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Pro Biosan Kit pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."AMPICILLIN INJECTION, POWDER, FOR SUSPENSION [GC HANFORD MANUFACTURING COMPANY]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."PROBENECID TABLET, FILM COATED [MYLAN PHARMACEUTICALS INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."PROBENECID: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Pro Biosan Kit?

Depending on the reaction of the Pro Biosan Kit after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Pro Biosan Kit not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Pro Biosan Kit addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Pro Biosan Kit, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Pro Biosan Kit consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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