Prichek GMP

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Prichek GMP uses

Prichek GMP consists of Glimepiride, Metformin Hydrochloride, Pioglitazone.

Glimepiride:


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Prichek GMP tablets USP are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ].

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is a sulfonylurea indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( 1.1).

Important Limitations of Use:

  • Not for treating type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis ( 1.1).

1.1 Important Limitations of Use

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets USP should not be used for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

  • Recommended starting dose is 1 or 2 mg once daily. Increase in 1 or 2 mg increments no more frequently than every 1 to 2 weeks based on glycemic response. Maximum recommended dose is 8 mg once daily.
  • Administer with breakfast or first meal of the day ( 2.1).
  • Use 1 mg starting dose and titrate slowly in patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia (e.g., elderly, patients with renal impairment) ( 2.1).

2.1 Recommended Dosing

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets should be administered with breakfast or the first main meal of the day.

The recommended starting dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets is 1 mg or 2 mg once daily. Patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia (e.g., the elderly or patients with renal impairment) should be started on 1 mg once daily [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5 , 8.6) ] .

After reaching a daily dose of 2 mg, further dose increases can be made in increments of 1 mg or 2 mg based upon the patient’s glycemic response. Uptitration should not occur more frequently than every 1 to 2 weeks. A conservative titration scheme is recommended for patients at increased risk for hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Use in Specific Populations (8.5, 8.6) ].

The maximum recommended dose is 8 mg once daily.

Patients being transferred to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets from longer half-life sulfonylureas (e.g., chlorpropamide) may have overlapping drug effect for 1 to 2 weeks and should be appropriately monitored for hypoglycemia.

When colesevelam is coadministered with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), maximum plasma concentration and total exposure to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is reduced. Therefore, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam.

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is formulated as tablets of:

  • 1 mg (Light pink colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 1 on engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)
  • 2 mg (Light green colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 2 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)
  • 3 mg (Pale yellow colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 3 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)
  • 4 mg (Light blue colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 4 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)
  • 6 mg (Brick red colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 6 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)
  • 8 mg (White to off white, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 8 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Tablets (scored): 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg and 8 mg ( 3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) tablets are contraindicated in patients with a history of a hypersensitivity reaction to:

  • Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or any of the product’s ingredients .

Sulfonamide derivatives: Patients who have developed an allergic reaction to sulfonamide derivatives may develop an allergic reaction to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). Do not use Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in patients who have a history of an allergic reaction to sulfonamide derivatives.

Reported hypersensitivity reactions include cutaneous eruptions with or without pruritus as well as more serious reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, dyspnea) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) and Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].

  • Hypersensitivity to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or any of the product’s ingredients ( 4)
  • Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide derivatives ( 4)
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5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Hypoglycemia: May be severe. Ensure proper patient selection, dosing, and instructions, particularly in at-risk populations and when used with other anti-diabetic medications ( 5.1).
  • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Postmarketing reports include anaphylaxis, angioedema and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. Promptly discontinue Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), assess for other causes, institute appropriate monitoring and treatment, and initiate alternative treatment for diabetes ( 5.2).
  • Hemolytic Anemia: Can occur if glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient. Consider a non-sulfonylurea alternative. ( 5.3).
  • Potential Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality with Sulfonylureas: Inform patient of risks, benefits and treatment alternatives ( 5.4).
  • Macrovascular Outcomes: No clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or any other anti-diabetic drug ( 5.5).

5.1 Hypoglycemia

All sulfonylureas, including Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), can cause severe hypoglycemia [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ]. The patient's ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. These impairments may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as driving or operating other machinery. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousness or convulsions and may result in temporary or permanent impairment of brain function or death.

Patients must be educated to recognize and manage hypoglycemia. Use caution when initiating and increasing Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) doses in patients who may be predisposed to hypoglycemia (e.g., the elderly, patients with renal impairment, patients on other anti-diabetic medications). Debilitated or malnourished patients, and those with adrenal, pituitary, or hepatic impairment are particularly susceptible to the hypoglycemic action of glucose-lowering medications. Hypoglycemia is also more likely to occur when caloric intake is deficient, after severe or prolonged exercise, or when alcohol is ingested.

Early warning symptoms of hypoglycemia may be different or less pronounced in patients with autonomic neuropathy, the elderly, and in patients who are taking beta-adrenergic blocking medications or other sympatholytic agents. These situations may result in severe hypoglycemia before the patient is aware of the hypoglycemia.

5.2 Hypersensitivity Reactions

There have been postmarketing reports of hypersensitivity reactions in patients treated with Prichek GMP, including serious reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome. If a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected, promptly discontinue Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), assess for other potential causes for the reaction, and institute alternative treatment for diabetes.

5.3 Hemolytic Anemia

Sulfonylureas can cause hemolytic anemia in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Because Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is a sulfonylurea, use caution in patients with G6PD deficiency and consider the use of a non-sulfonylurea alternative.


There are also postmarketing reports of hemolytic anemia in patients receiving Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) who did not have known G6PD deficiency [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].

5.4 Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality with Sulfonylureas

The administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet plus insulin. This warning is based on the study conducted by the University Group Diabetes Program, a long-term, prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs in preventing or delaying vascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The study involved 823 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups.

UGDP reported that patients treated for 5 to 8 years with diet plus a fixed dose of tolbutamide (1.5 grams per day) had a rate of cardiovascular mortality approximately 2 to 1/2 times that of patients treated with diet alone. A significant increase in total mortality was not observed, but the use of tolbutamide was discontinued based on the increase in cardiovascular mortality, thus limiting the opportunity for the study to show an increase in overall mortality. Despite controversy regarding the interpretation of these results, the findings of the UGDP study provide an adequate basis for this warning. The patient should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and of alternative modes of therapy.

Although only one drug in the sulfonylurea class (tolbutamide) was included in this study, it is prudent from a safety standpoint to consider that this warning may also apply to other oral hypoglycemic drugs in this class, in view of their close similarities in mode of action and chemical structure.

5.5 Macrovascular Outcomes

There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or any other anti-diabetic drug.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in more detail below and elsewhere in the labeling:

  • Hypoglycemia [see Warnings and Precautions ]
  • Hemolytic anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]

In clinical trials, the most common adverse reactions with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) were hypoglycemia, dizziness, asthenia, headache, and nausea.

Common adverse reactions in clinical trials (≥5% and more common than with placebo) include hypoglycemia, headache, nausea, and dizziness


( 6.1).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Micro Labs USA, Inc. at 1-855-839-8195 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Approximately 2,800 patients with type 2 diabetes have been treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in the controlled clinical trials. In these trials, approximately 1,700 patients were treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) for at least 1 year.

Table 1 summarizes adverse events, other than hypoglycemia, that were reported in 11 pooled placebo-controlled trials, whether or not considered to be possibly or probably related to study medication. Treatment duration ranged from 13 weeks to 12 months. Terms that are reported represent those that occurred at an incidence of ≥5% among glimepiride-treated patients and more commonly than in patients who received placebo.

Table 1. Eleven Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials ranging from 13 weeks to 12 months: Adverse Events (Excluding Hypoglycemia) Occurring in ≥5% of Glimepiride-treated Patients and at a Greater Incidence than with Placebo *


Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) N=745 %

Placebo N=294 %

Headache

8.2

7.8

Accidental Injury

5.8

3.4

Flu Syndrome

5.4

4.4

Nausea

5

3.4

Dizziness

5

2.4

* Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) doses ranged from 1 to 16 mg administered daily

Insufficient information to determine whether any of the accidental injury events were associated with hypoglycemia


Hypoglycemia:

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of 14 weeks duration, patients already on sulfonylurea therapy underwent a 3-week washout period then were randomized to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg or placebo. Patients randomized to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg or 8 mg underwent forced-titration from an initial dose of 1 mg to these final doses, as tolerated . The overall incidence of possible hypoglycemia (defined by the presence of at least one symptom that the investigator believed might be related to hypoglycemia; a concurrent glucose measurement was not required) was 4% for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg, 17% for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg, 16% for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 8 mg and 0% for placebo. All of these events were self-treated.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled monotherapy trial of 22 weeks duration, patients received a starting dose of either 1 mg Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or placebo daily. The dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was titrated to a target fasting plasma glucose of 90 to 150 mg/dL. Final daily doses of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) were 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 mg . The overall incidence of possible hypoglycemia (as defined above for the 14-week trial) for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) vs. placebo was 19.7% vs. 3.2%. All of these events were self-treated.

Weight gain: Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), like all sulfonylureas, can cause weight gain [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ].

Allergic Reactions: In clinical trials, allergic reactions, such as pruritus, erythema, urticaria, and morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions, occurred in less than 1% of glimepiride-treated patients. These may resolve despite continued treatment with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). There are postmarketing reports of more serious allergic reactions (e.g., dyspnea, hypotension, shock) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

Laboratory Tests:

Elevated Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): In 11 pooled placebo-controlled trials of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), 1.9% of glimepiride-treated patients and 0.8% of placebo-treated patients developed serum ALT greater than 2 times the upper limit of the reference range.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

  • Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, angioedema, and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]
  • Hemolytic anemia in patients with and without G6PD deficiency [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]
  • Impairment of liver function (e.g., with cholestasis and jaundice), as well as hepatitis, which may progress to liver failure.
  • Porphyria cutanea tarda, photosensitivity reactions and allergic vasculitis
  • Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia (including severe cases with platelet count less than 10,000/μL) and thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Hepatic porphyria reactions and disulfiram-like reactions
  • Hyponatremia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), most often in patients who are on other medications or who have medical conditions known to cause hyponatremia or increase release of antidiuretic hormone
  • Dysgeusia
  • Alopecia
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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

  • Certain medications may affect glucose metabolism, requiring Prichek GMP dose adjustment and close monitoring of blood glucose ( 7.1).
  • Miconazole: Severe hypoglycemia can occur when Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and oral miconazole are used concomitantly. ( 7.2).
  • Cytochrome P450 2C9 interactions: Inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 2C9 may affect glycemic control by altering Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) plasma concentrations ( 7.3).
  • Colesevelam: Coadministration may reduce Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) absorption. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam ( 2.1, 7.4).

7.1 Drugs Affecting Glucose Metabolism

A number of medications affect glucose metabolism and may require Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) dose adjustment and particularly close monitoring for hypoglycemia or worsening glycemic control.

The following are examples of medications that may increase the glucose-lowering effect of sulfonylureas including Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), increasing the susceptibility to and/or intensity of hypoglycemia: oral anti-diabetic medications, pramlintide acetate, insulin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, H 2 receptor antagonists, fibrates, propoxyphene, pentoxifylline, somatostatin analogs, anabolic steroids and androgens, cyclophosphamide, phenyramidol, guanethidine, fluconazole, sulfinpyrazone, tetracyclines, clarithromycin, disopyramide, quinolones, and those drugs that are highly protein-bound, such as fluoxetine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, coumarins, probenecid and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. When these medications are administered to a patient receiving Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), monitor the patient closely for hypoglycemia. When these medications are withdrawn from a patient receiving Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), monitor the patient closely for worsening glycemic control.

The following are examples of medications that may reduce the glucose-lowering effect of sulfonylureas including Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), leading to worsening glycemic control: danazol, glucagon, somatropin, protease inhibitors, atypical antipsychotic medications (e.g., olanzapine and clozapine), barbiturates, diazoxide, laxatives, rifampin, thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid hormones, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics (e.g., epinephrine, albuterol, terbutaline), and isoniazid. When these medications are administered to a patient receiving Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), monitor the patient closely for worsening glycemic control. When these medications are withdrawn from a patient receiving Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), monitor the patient closely for hypoglycemia.

Beta-blockers, clonidine, and reserpine may lead to either potentiation or weakening of glimepiride’s glucose-lowering effect.

Both acute and chronic alcohol intake may potentiate or weaken the glucose-lowering action of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in an unpredictable fashion.

The signs of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent in patients taking sympatholytic drugs such as beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine.

7.2 Miconazole

A potential interaction between oral miconazole and sulfonylureas leading to severe hypoglycemia has been reported. Whether this interaction also occurs with other dosage forms of miconazole is not known.

7.3 Cytochrome P450 2C9 Interactions

There may be an interaction between Prichek GMP and inhibitors (e.g., fluconazole) and inducers (e.g., rifampin) of cytochrome P450 2C9. Fluconazole may inhibit the metabolism of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), causing increased plasma concentrations of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) which may lead to hypoglycemia. Rifampin may induce the metabolism of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), causing decreased plasma concentrations of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) which may lead to worsening glycemic control.

7.4 Concomitant Administration of Colesevelam

Colesevelam can reduce the maximum plasma concentration and total exposure of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) when the two are coadministered. However, absorption is not reduced when Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is administered 4 hours prior to colesevslam. Therefore, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

  • Pregnancy: Based on animal data, may cause fetal harm.
  • Nursing Mothers: Discontinue Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or nursing taking into consideration the importance of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) to the mother ( 8.3).
  • Pediatric Patients: Not recommended because of adverse effects on body weight and hypoglycemia ( 8.4).
  • Geriatric or Renally Impaired Patients: At risk for hypoglycemia with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). Use caution in dose selection and titration, and monitor closely ( 8.5, 8.6).

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in pregnant women. In animal studies there was no increase in congenital anomalies, but an increase in fetal deaths occurred in rats and rabbits at Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) doses 50 times (rats) and 0.1 times (rabbits) the maximum recommended human dose (based on body surface area). This fetotoxicity, observed only at doses inducing maternal hypoglycemia, is believed to be directly related to the pharmacologic (hypoglycemic) action of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and has been similarly noted with other sulfonylureas. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Because data suggest that abnormal blood glucose during pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of congenital abnormalities, diabetes treatment during pregnancy should maintain blood glucose as close to normal as possible.

Nonteratogenic Effects: Prolonged severe hypoglycemia (4 to 10 days) has been reported in neonates born to mothers receiving a sulfonylurea at the time of delivery.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Prichek GMP is excreted in human milk. During pre- and post-natal studies in rats, significant concentrations of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) were present in breast milk and the serum of the pups. Offspring of rats exposed to high levels of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) during pregnancy and lactation developed skeletal deformities consisting of shortening, thickening, and bending of the humerus during the postnatal period. These skeletal deformations were determined to be the result of nursing from mothers exposed to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). Based on these animal data and the potential for hypoglycemia in a nursing infant, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), taking into account the importance of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) to the mother.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) have been evaluated in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes as described below. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is not recommended in pediatric patients because of its adverse effects on body weight and hypoglycemia.

The pharmacokinetics of a 1 mg single dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was evaluated in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (male = 7; female = 23) between ages 10 and 17 years. The mean (± SD) AUC (0 to last) (339±203 ng -hr/mL), C max (102±48 ng/mL) and t 1/2 (3.1±1.7 hours) for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) were comparable to historical data from adults (AUC (0 to last) 315±96 ng -hr/mL, C max 103±34 ng/mL and t 1/2 5.3±4.1 hours).

The safety and efficacy of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in pediatric patients was evaluated in a single-blind, 24-week trial that randomized 272 patients (8 to 17 years of age) with type 2 diabetes to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) (n=135) or metformin (n=137). Both treatment-naïve patients (those treated with only diet and exercise for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization) and previously treated patients (those previously treated or currently treated with other oral antidiabetic medications for at least 3 months) were eligible to participate. Patients who were receiving oral antidiabetic agents at the time of study entry discontinued these medications before randomization without a washout period. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was initiated at 1 mg, and then titrated up to 2, 4 or 8 mg (mean last dose 4 mg) through Week 12, targeting a self-monitored fasting fingerstick blood glucose <126 mg/dL. Metformin was initiated at 500 mg twice daily and titrated at Week 12 up to 1000 mg twice daily (mean last dose 1365 mg).

After 24 weeks, the overall mean treatment difference in HbA1c between Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and metformin was 0.2%, favoring metformin (95% confidence interval -0.3% to +0.6%). Based on these results, the trial did not meet its primary objective of showing a similar reduction in HbA1c with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) compared to metformin.

Table 2. Change from Baseline in HbA 1C and Body Weight in Pediatric Patients Taking Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or Metformin


Metformin

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

Treatment-Naïve Patients *

N=69

N=72

HbA 1C (%)


Baseline (mean)

8.2

8.3

Change from baseline (adjusted LS mean) +

-1.2

-1

Adjusted Treatment Difference ** (95%CI)

0.2 (-0.3; 0.6)


Previously Treated Patients *

N=57

N=55

HbA 1C (%)



Baseline (mean)

9

8.7

Change from baseline (adjusted LS mean) +

-0.2

0.2

Adjusted Treatment Difference ** (95%CI)

0.4 (-0.4; 1.2)

Body Weight (kg) *

N=126

N=129

Baseline (mean)

67.3

66.5

Change from baseline (adjusted LS mean) +

0.7

2

Adjusted Treatment Difference ** (95% CI)

1.3 (0.3; 2.3)


* Intent-to-treat population using last-observation-carried-forward for missing data (glimepiride, n=127; metformin, n=126)

+ adjusted for baseline HbA 1c and Tanner Stage

** Difference is Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) – metformin with positive differences favoring metformin


The profile of adverse reactions in pediatric patients treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was similar to that observed in adults [see Adverse Reactions (6) ].

Hypoglycemic events documented by blood glucose values <36 mg/dL were observed in 4% of pediatric patients treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and in 1% of pediatric patients treated with metformin. One patient in each treatment group experienced a severe hypoglycemic episode (severity was determined by the investigator based on observed signs and symptoms).

8.5 Geriatric Use

In clinical trials of Prichek GMP, 1053 of 3491 patients (30%) were >65 years of age. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

There were no significant differences in Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetics between patients with type 2 diabetes ­ ≤65 years (n=49) and those >65 years (n=42) [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].


Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is substantially excreted by the kidney. Elderly patients are more likely to have renal impairment. In addition, hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in the elderly [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Use caution when initiating Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and increasing the dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in this patient population.

8.6 Renal Impairment

To minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, the recommended starting dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is 1 mg daily for all patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .

A multiple-dose titration study was conducted in 16 patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment using doses ranging from 1 mg to 8 mg daily for 3 months. Baseline creatinine clearance ranged from 10 to 60 mL/min. The pharmacokinetics of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) were evaluated in the multiple-dose titration study and the results were consistent with those observed in patients enrolled in a single-dose study. In both studies, the relative total clearance of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) increased when kidney function was impaired. Both studies also demonstrated that the elimination of the two major metabolites was reduced in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].

10 OVERDOSAGE

An overdosage of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), as with other sulfonylureas, can produce severe hypoglycemia. Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can be treated with oral glucose. Severe hypoglycemic reactions constitute medical emergencies requiring immediate treatment. Severe hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurological impairment can be treated with glucagon or intravenous glucose. Continued observation and additional carbohydrate intake may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

11 DESCRIPTION

Glimepiride tablets, USP are an oral sulfonylurea that contains the active ingredient Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). Chemically, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is identified as 1-[[p-[2-(3-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-pyrroline-1-carboxamido) ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea (C 24H 34N 4O 5S) with a molecular weight of 490.62. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) USP is a white to almost white, crystalline, odorless to practically odorless powder and is practically insoluble in water.

The structural formula is:

Glimepiride tablets, USP contain the active ingredient Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and the following inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium starch glycolate. In addition, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg tablets contain Ferric Oxide Red, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 2 mg tablets contain FD&C Blue #2 Indigo carmine Lake and Ferric Oxide Yellow, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 3 mg tablets contain Ferric Oxide Yellow, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg tablets contain FD&C Blue #2 Indigo carmine Lake and Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 6 mg tablets contain Ferric Oxide Red.

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Prichek GMP primarily lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Sulfonylureas bind to the sulfonylurea receptor in the pancreatic beta-cell plasma membrane, leading to closure of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel, thereby stimulating the release of insulin.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

In healthy subjects, the time to reach maximal effect (minimum blood glucose concentrations) was approximately 2 to 3 hours after single oral doses of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride). The effects of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) on HbA 1c, fasting plasma glucose, and post-prandial glucose have been assessed in clinical trials .

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Studies with single oral doses of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in healthy subjects and with multiple oral doses in patients with type 2 diabetes showed peak drug concentrations (C max) 2 to 3 hours post-dose. When Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was given with meals, the mean C max and AUC (area under the curve) were decreased by 8% and 9%, respectively.

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) does not accumulate in serum following multiple dosing. The pharmacokinetics of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) does not differ between healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. Clearance of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) after oral administration does not change over the 1 mg to 8 mg dose range, indicating linear pharmacokinetics.

In healthy subjects, the intra- and inter-individual variabilities of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetic parameters were 15 to 23% and 24 to 29%, respectively.

Distribution: After intravenous dosing in healthy subjects, the volume of distribution (Vd) was 8.8 L (113 mL/kg), and the total body clearance (CL) was 47.8 mL/min. Protein binding was greater than 99.5%.

Metabolism: Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) is completely metabolized by oxidative biotransformation after either an intravenous or oral dose. The major metabolites are the cyclohexyl hydroxy methyl derivative (M1) and the carboxyl derivative (M2). Cytochrome P450 2C9 is involved in the biotransformation of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) to M1. M1 is further metabolized to M2 by one or several cytosolic enzymes. M2 is inactive. In animals, M1 possesses about one-third of the pharmacological activity of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride), but it is unclear whether M1 results in clinically meaningful effects on blood glucose in humans.

Excretion: When 14C-glimepiride was given orally to 3 healthy male subjects, approximately 60% of the total radioactivity was recovered in the urine in 7 days. M1 and M2 accounted for 80 to 90% of the radioactivity recovered in the urine. The ratio of M1 to M2 in the urine was approximately 3:2 in two subjects and 4:1 in one subject. Approximately 40% of the total radioactivity was recovered in feces. M1 and M2 accounted for about 70% (ratio of M1 to M2 was 1:3) of the radioactivity recovered in feces. No parent drug was recovered from urine or feces. After intravenous dosing in patients, no significant biliary excretion of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) or its M1 metabolite was observed.

Geriatric Patients: A comparison of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes ≤65 years and those >65 years was evaluated in a multiple-dose study using Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 6 mg daily. There were no significant differences in Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetics between the two age groups. The mean AUC at steady state for the older patients was approximately 13% lower than that for the younger patients; the mean weight-adjusted clearance for the older patients was approximately 11% higher than that for the younger patients.

Gender: There were no differences between males and females in the pharmacokinetics of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) when adjustment was made for differences in body weight.

Race: No studies have been conducted to assess the effects of race on Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetics but in placebo-controlled trials of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in patients with type 2 diabetes, the reduction in HbA 1C was comparable in Caucasians (n = 536), blacks (n = 63), and Hispanics (n = 63).

Renal Impairment: A single-dose, open-label study Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 3 mg was administered to patients with mild, moderate and severe renal impairment as estimated by creatinine clearance (CLcr): Group I consisted of 5 patients with mild renal impairment (CLcr > 50 mL/min), Group II consisted of 3 patients with moderate renal impairment (CLcr = 20 to 50 mL/min) and Group III consisted of 7 patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 20 mL/min). Although, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) serum concentrations decreased with decreasing renal function, Group III had a 2.3-fold higher mean AUC for M1 and an 8.6-fold higher mean AUC for M2 compared to corresponding mean AUCs in Group I. The apparent terminal half-life (T 1/2) for Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) did not change, while the half-lives for M1 and M2 increased as renal function decreased. Mean urinary excretion of M1 plus M2 as a percentage of dose decreased from 44.4% for Group I to 21.9% for Group II and 9.3% for Group III.

Hepatic Impairment: It is unknown whether there is an effect of hepatic impairment on Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) pharmacokinetics because the pharmacokinetics of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) has not been adequately evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment.

Obese Patients: The pharmacokinetics of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and its metabolites were measured in a single-dose study involving 28 patients with type 2 diabetes who either had normal body weight or were morbidly obese. While the t max, clearance, and volume of distribution of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in the morbidly obese patients were similar to those in the normal weight group, the morbidly obese had lower C max and AUC than those of normal body weight. The mean C max, AUC 0 to 24, AUC 0 to ∞ values of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) in normal vs. morbidly obese patients were 547 ± 218 ng/mL vs. 410 ± 124 ng/mL, 3210 ± 1030 hours·ng/mL vs. 2820 ± 1110 hours·ng/mL and 4000 ± 1320 hours·ng/mL vs. 3280 ± 1360 hours·ng/mL, respectively.

Drug Interactions:

Aspirin : In a randomized, double-blind, two-period, crossover study, healthy subjects were given either placebo or aspirin 1 gram three times daily for a total treatment period of 5 days. On Day 4 of each study period, a single 1 mg dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was administered. The Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) doses were separated by a 14-day washout period. Co-administration of aspirin and Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) resulted in a 34% decrease in the mean Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) AUC and a 4% decrease in the mean Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) C max.

Colesevelam: Conconmitant administration of colesevelam and Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) resulted in reductions in Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) AUC 0to∞ and C max of 18% and 8%, respectively. When Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was administered 4 hours prior to colesevelam, there was no significant change in Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) AUC 0to∞ or C max, -6% and 3%, respectively [ see Dosage and Administration (2.1) and Drug Interactions (7.4)].

Cimetidine and Ranitidine : In a randomized, open-label, 3-way crossover study, healthy subjects received either a single 4 mg dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) alone, Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily for 4 days; Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was administered on Day 3), or Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) with cimetidine (800 mg daily for 4 days; Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was administered on Day 3). Co-administration of cimetidine or ranitidine with a single 4 mg oral dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) did not significantly alter the absorption and disposition of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride).

Propranolol : In a randomized, double-blind, two-period, crossover study, healthy subjects were given either placebo or propranolol 40 mg three times daily for a total treatment period of 5 days. On Day 4 or each study period, a single 2 mg dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was administered. The Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) doses were separated by a 14-day washout period. Concomitant administration of propranolol and Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) significantly increased Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) C max, AUC, and T 1/2 by 23%, 22%, and 15%, respectively, and decreased Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) CL/f by 18%. The recovery of M1 and M2 from urine was not changed.


Warfarin: In an open-label, two-way, crossover study, healthy subjects received 4 mg of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) daily for 10 days. Single 25 mg doses of warfarin were administered 6 days before starting Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) and on Day 4 of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) administration. The concomitant administration of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) did not alter the pharmacokinetics of R- and S-warfarin enantiomers. No changes were observed in warfarin plasma protein binding. Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the pharmacodynamic response to warfarin. The reductions in mean area under the prothrombin time (PT) curve and maximum PT values during Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) treatment were 3.3% and 9.9%, respectively, and are unlikely to be clinically relevant.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Studies in rats at doses of up to 5000 parts per million (ppm) in complete feed (approximately 340 times the maximum recommended human dose, based on surface area) for 30 months showed no evidence of carcinogenesis. In mice, administration of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) for 24 months resulted in an increase in benign pancreatic adenoma formation that was dose-related and was thought to be the result of chronic pancreatic stimulation. No adenoma formation in mice was observed at a dose of 320 ppm in complete feed, or 46 to 54 mg/kg body weight/day. This is about 35 times the maximum human recommended dose of 8 mg once daily based on surface area.

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was non-mutagenic in a battery of in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity studies (Ames test, somatic cell mutation, chromosomal aberration, unscheduled DNA synthesis, and mouse micronucleus test).


There was no effect of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) on male mouse fertility in animals exposed up to 2500 mg/kg body weight (>1,700 times the maximum recommended human dose based on surface area). Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) had no effect on the fertility of male and female rats administered up to 4000 mg/kg body weight (approximately 4,000 times the maximum recommended human dose based on surface area).

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Monotherapy

A total of 304 patients with type 2 diabetes already treated with sulfonylurea therapy participated in a 14-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) monotherapy. Patients discontinued their sulfonylurea therapy then entered a 3-week placebo washout period followed by randomization into 1 of 4 treatment groups: placebo (n=74), Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg (n=78), Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg (n=76) and Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 8 mg (n=76). All patients randomized to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) started 1 mg daily. Patients randomized to Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg or 8 mg had blinded, forced titration of the Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) dose at weekly intervals, first to 4 mg and then to 8 mg, as long as the dose was tolerated, until the randomized dose was reached. Patients randomized to the 4 mg dose reached the assigned dose at Week 2. Patients randomized to the 8 mg dose reached the assigned dose at Week 3. Once the randomized dose level was reached, patients were to be maintained at that dose until Week 14. Approximately 66% of the placebo-treated patients completed the trial compared to 81% of patients treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg and 92% of patients treated with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 4 mg or 8 mg. Compared to placebo, treatment with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) 1 mg, 4 mg and 8 mg daily provided statistically significant improvements in HbA 1C compared to placebo (Table 3).


Table 3. 14-week Monotherapy Trial Comparing Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) to Placebo in Patients Previously Treated With Sulfonylurea Therapy a



Placebo (N=74)


Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)


1 mg (N=78)


4 mg (N=76)


8 mg (N=76)


HbA 1C (%)




n=59


n=65


n=65


n=68


Baseline (mean)


8


7.9


7.9


8


Change from Baseline (adjusted mean b)


1.5


0.3


-0.3


-0.4


Difference from Placebo (adjusted mean b) 95% confidence interval



-1.2 * (-1.5, -0.8)


-1.8 * (-2.1, -1.4)


1.8 * (-2.2, -1.5)


Mean Baseline Weight (kg)




n=67


n=76


n=75


n=73


Baseline (mean)


85.7


84.3


86.1


85.5


Change from Baseline (adjusted mean b)


-2.3


-0.2


0.5


1


Difference from Placebo (adjusted mean b) 95% confidence interval



2 * (1.4, 2.7)


2.8 * (2.1, 3.5)


3.2 * (2.5, 4)


a Intent-to-treat population using last observation on study

b Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value

*p≤0.001


A total of 249 patients who were treatment-naïve or who had received limited treatment with antidiabetic therapy in the past were randomized to receive 22 weeks of treatment with either Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) (n=123) or placebo (n=126) in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-titration trial. The starting dose of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) was 1 mg daily and was titrated upward or downward at 2-week intervals to a goal FPG of 90 to 150 mg/dL. Blood glucose levels for both FPG and PPG were analyzed in the laboratory. Following 10 weeks of dose adjustment, patients were maintained at their optimal dose (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 8 mg) for the remaining 12 weeks of the trial. Treatment with Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) provided statistically significant improvements in HbA 1C and FPG compared to placebo (Table 4).

Table 4. 22-Week Monotherapy Trial Comparing Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) to Placebo in Patients Who Were Treatment-Naïve or Who Had No Recent Treatment with Antidiabetic Therapy a


Placebo (N=126)

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) (N=123)

HbA 1C (%)

n=97

n=106

Baseline (mean)

9.1

9.3

Change from Baseline (adjusted mean b)

-1.1 *

-2.2 *


Difference from Placebo (adjusted mean b)

95% confidence interval

-1.1 * (-1.5, -0.8)

Body Weight (kg)



n=122

n=119

Baseline (mean)

86.5

87.1

Change from Baseline (adjusted mean b)

-0.9

1.8


Difference from Placebo (adjusted mean b)

95% confidence interval

2.7 (1.9, 3.6)


a Intent to treat population using last observation on study

b Least squares mean adjusted for baseline value

*p≤0.0001

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) Tablets USP are available in the following strengths and package sizes:

  • 1 mg (Light pink colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having break line on both faces and GM and 1 on engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-100-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-100-05)

  • 2 mg (Light green colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having break line on both faces and GM and 2 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-101-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-101-05)

  • 3 mg (Pale yellow colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 3 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-102-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-102-05)

  • 4 mg (Light blue colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 4 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-103-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-103-05)

  • 6 mg (Brick red colored, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 6 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-104-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-104-05)

  • 8 mg (White to off white, flat capsule shaped uncoated tablets having breakline on both faces and GM and 8 engraved on either side of breakline on one face.)

Bottles of 100 (NDC 42571-105-01)

Bottles of 500 (NDC 42571-105-05)

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)

Dispense in well-closed containers with safety closures.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

17.1 Information for Patients

Inform patients about the importance of adherence to dietary instructions, of a regular exercise program, and of regular testing of blood glucose.

Inform patients about the potential side effects of Prichek GMP (Glimepiride) including hypoglycemia and weight gain.

Explain the symptoms and treatment of hypoglycemia as well as conditions that predispose to hypoglycemia. Patients should be informed that the ability to concentrate and react may be impaired as a result of hypoglycemia. This may present a risk in situations where these abilities are especially important, such as driving or operating other machinery.

Patients with diabetes should be advised to inform their healthcare provider if they are pregnant, contemplating pregnancy, breastfeeding, or contemplating breastfeeding.

Made in India


Manufactured for:

Micro Labs USA Inc.

Princeton, NJ 08540


Revised: 12/2016

Micro Labs Limited Container Labels

NDC 42571-100-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

1 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets

NDC 42571-101-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

2 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets


NDC 42571-102-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

3 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets


NDC 42571-103-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

4 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets


NDC 42571-104-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

6 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets


NDC 42571-105-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

8 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets

RA CHEM PHARMA LIMITED Container Labels


NDC 42571-100-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

1 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets



NDC 42571-101-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

2 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets

NDC 42571-103-01

Prichek GMP (Glimepiride)

TABLETS, USP

4 mg

ONCE A DAY

Rx Only

100 Tablets

Metformin Hydrochloride:


Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent used for treating non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It improves glycemic control by decreasing hepatic glucose production, decreasing glucose absorption and increasing insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) is the only oral antihyperglycemic agent that is not associated with weight gain. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) may induce weight loss and is the drug of choice for obese NIDDM patients. When used alone, Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) does not cause hypoglycemia; however, it may potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of sulfonylureas and insulin. Its main side effects are dyspepsia, nausea and diarrhea. Dose titration and/or use of smaller divided doses may decrease side effects. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) should be avoided in those with severely compromised renal function (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min), acute/decompensated heart failure, severe liver disease and for 48 hours after the use of iodinated contrast dyes due to the risk of lactic acidosis. Lower doses should be used in the elderly and those with decreased renal function. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) decreases fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood glucose and glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, which are reflective of the last 8-10 weeks of glucose control. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) may also have a positive effect on lipid levels.

Indication: For use as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adult patients (18 years and older) with NIDDM. May also be used for the management of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that improves glucose tolerance in patients with NIDDM, lowering both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) is not chemically or pharmacologically related to any other class of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Unlike sulfonylureas, Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) does not produce hypoglycemia in either patients with NIDDM or healthy subjects and does not cause hyperinsulinemia. Prichek GMP (Metformin Hydrochloride) does not affect insulin secretion.

Pioglitazone:


Pharmacological action

Prichek GMP is an oral hypoglycemic agent, series of thiazolidinedione derivatives. Powerful and selective agonist of gamma-receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR-gamma). PPAR-gamma receptors are found in adipose and muscle tissues and liver. Activation of nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma modulates the transcription of several genes that are sensitive to insulin, involved in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. This medicine reduces insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and liver, as a result of this is increased flow of glucose and insulin reduced glucose production in the liver. Unlike sulfonylureas, Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) does not stimulate insulin secretion by beta cells of the pancreas.

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (insulin-dependent) decrease in insulin resistance under the action of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) reduces blood glucose levels, reduce insulin levels in plasma and hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c).

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (insulin-dependent) with lipid disorders during treatment with Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) there is a decrease in triglycerides and increase HDL. The level of LDL and total cholesterol in these patients does not change.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is found in fasting plasma after 30 minutes. Cmax in plasma is reached after 2 hours. At ingestion there was a slight increase of Cmax to 3-4 hours, but the extent of absorption was not changed.

Protein binding of human serum, mainly to albumin greater than 99%; binding to other serum proteins less pronounced. The metabolites of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) M-III and M-IV also significantly associated with serum albumin is more than 98%.

Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is extensively metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation and oxidation. Metabolites M-II, M-IV (hydroxy derivatives of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone)) and M-III (keto derivative of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone)) exhibit pharmacological activity in models of type 2 diabetes in animals. Metabolites also partly converted into conjugates glucuronic or sulfuric acids.

The metabolism of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) in the liver occurs with the participation of isoenzymes CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.

T1/2 of unchanged Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is 3-7 hours, total Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) (pioglitazone and active metabolites) is 16-24 hours. The clearance of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is 5-7 L / h.

After oral administration about 15-30% of the dose of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is found in urine. Kidneys displayed a negligible amount of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone), mainly in the form of metabolites and their conjugates.

It is believed that the ingestion of large doses is excreted in bile as unchanged and as metabolites and excreted in the feces.

The concentrations of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) and active metabolites in serum remained at a high level 24 h after a single daily dose.

Why is Prichek GMP prescribed?

Type 2 diabetes (insulin independent).

Dosage and administration

Prichek GMP is taken orally in dose 30 mg 1 time / day. The duration of treatment is determined individually.

The maximum dose in combination therapy is 30 mg / day.

Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) side effects, adverse reactions

Metabolism: a possible development of hypoglycaemia (mild to severe).

Hematopoietic system: possible anemia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Digestive system: rarely - increased ALT.

Prichek GMP contraindications

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (insulin-dependent), diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Prichek GMP is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. In patients with insulin resistance and anovulatory cycles in pre menopausal period the treatment with thiazolidinediones, including Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone), can cause ovulation. This increases the risk of pregnancy if you do not use adequate contraception.

In experimental studies in animals showed that Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) has no teratogenic effects and adverse effects on fertility.

Category of the fetus by FDA - C.

Special instructions

Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) should not be used in the presence of clinical presentations of liver disease in the active phase or an increase in ALT is 2.5 times above ULN.

During treatment for suspected development of liver dysfunction (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, lack of appetite, dark urine) should define indicators of liver function tests. In the case of jaundice Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) should be discontinued.

Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) should be used with caution in patients with edema.

Anemia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease may be associated with increased plasma volume and do not show any clinically significant hematological effects.

If necessary to usee Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) simultaneously with ketoconazole should be more regular follow-up blood glucose levels.

There have been rare cases of a temporary increase in the activity level of CPK during treatment with this drug, which had no clinical consequences. The relationship of these reactions from taking Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is unknown.

The average values of bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT decreased in the survey at the end of treatment by this medicine compared with those of before treatment.

Before treatment and during the first year of treatment (every 2 months) and then periodically monitor the activity of ALT should be.

Experimental studies have shown that Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) is not mutagenic.

The use of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) in children is not recommended.

Prichek GMP drug interactions

In another thiazolidinedione derivative simultaneously observed with oral contraceptives decrease the concentration of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone in plasma by approximately 30%. Therefore, while the use of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) and oral contraceptives may decrease contraceptive efficacy.

Ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of Prichek GMP (Pioglitazone) in the liver in vitro.

Sulfonamides derivatives, metformin and insulin potentiate (relatively) hypoglycemia.

Prichek GMP in case of emergency / overdose

Treatment: symptomatic therapy.

Prichek GMP pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Prichek GMP available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Prichek GMP destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Prichek GMP Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Prichek GMP pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE (METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE ) TABLET, FILM COATED [BRYANT RANCH PREPACK]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."GLIMEPIRIDE (GLIMEPIRIDE) TABLET [MICRO LABS LIMITED]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."GLIMEPIRIDE; PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Prichek GMP?

Depending on the reaction of the Prichek GMP after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Prichek GMP not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Prichek GMP addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Prichek GMP, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Prichek GMP consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Visitor reported useful

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Visitor reported frequency of use

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Visitor reported doses

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Visitor reported time for results

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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