Piracezine

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Piracezine uses

Piracezine consists of Cinnarizine, Piracetam.

Cinnarizine:


Pharmacological action

Piracezine is a calcium channel blocker class IV with a predominant effect on the brain vessels, a derivative of piperazine. This medication improves cerebral, coronary and peripheral circulation. Piracezine (Cinnarizine) violates the entrance of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells. This drug lowers the tone of arteriolar smooth muscle, decreases the vasoconstrictor response to biogenic substances (epinephrine, norepinephrine, bradykinin). Piracezine (Cinnarizine) reduces the excitability of the vestibular apparatus. In patients with impaired peripheral circulation Piracezine (Cinnarizine) improves blood flow and potentiates postischemic hyperemia. This medicine increases the resistance of tissue to hypoxia.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Piracezine (Cinnarizine) is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, Cmax in plasma is reached after 1-4 h. The plasma protein binding is 91%. This medication is metabolized. T1/2 is 3-6 hours. Piracezine (Cinnarizine) is eliminated through the intestine largely unchanged, with the urine - mainly in the form of metabolites.

Why is Piracezine prescribed?

Ischemic attacks (including the residual effects after a stroke). Labyrinth disorders (including for maintenance therapy for dizziness, tinnitus, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting of labyrinth origin). Motion sickness (as a prophylactic agent). Prophylaxis of migraine. Meniere's disease. Prevention and treatment of disorders of peripheral circulation - atherosclerosis, thromboangiitis obliterans, Raynaud's disease, diabetic angiopathy, acrocyanosis.

Dosage and administration

The dosage regimen is individual. Piracezine is taken orally in 25-50-75 mg 3 times / day after a meal. If necessary, the treatment can begin with half the dose and gradually increasing. To achieve the optimal therapeutic effect is used continuously for several months.

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Piracezine (Cinnarizine) side effects, adverse reactions

Digestive system: dyspepsia, dry mouth, rarely - cholestatic jaundice.

CNS: headache, drowsiness; in elderly patients in long-term use may be extrapyramidal symptoms, depression.

Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash.

Other: weight gain, increased sweating, in rare cases - lupus-like syndrome, lichen planus.

Piracezine contraindications

Hypersensitivity to Piracezine (Cinnarizine).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy and lactation Piracezine (Cinnarizine) usage is possible only in exceptional cases, when the expected benefit to the mother far outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.

Special instructions

Use Piracezine (Cinnarizine) with caution in patients with hypertension.

With prolonged use is recommended to perform control examination of liver, kidney, peripheral blood picture.

At the beginning of treatment you should refrain from potentially hazardous activities that require attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Piracezine drug interactions

When this drug applied simultaneously with:

- tricyclic antidepressants, hypnotics, drugs that have a sedative effect, alcohol, ethanol-containing medication increases the effects on the CNS.

- antihypertensive drugs increased hypotensive effect.

- nootropics, vasodilators - increases the action of nootropic drugs and vasodilators.

- phenylpropanolamine reduces sedation effect of Piracezine (Cinnarizine) Quality Pharmaceutical Laboratory.

Piracezine in case of emergency / overdose

Treatment: gastric lavage, taking activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy. There is no a specific antidote.

Piracetam:


Pharmacological action

Piracezine is a nootropic drugs. This medication has a positive effect on metabolism and blood circulation of the brain. It increases glucose utilization, improves the course of metabolic processes, improves microcirculation in the ischemic areas, and inhibits the aggregation of activated platelets. Piracezine (Piracetam) has a protective effect for brain damage caused by hypoxia, intoxication, an electric shock. This drug improves the integrative activity of the brain. Piracezine (Piracetam) does not have a sedative and stimulating effect.

Pharmacokinetics

Piracezine (Piracetam) after oral administration is quickly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cmax in plasma is reached after about 30 minutes, in the cerebrospinal fluid in 2-8 hours. The apparent Vd is 0.6 L / kg. Piracezine (Piracetam) does not bind to plasma proteins.

This medication distributed in all organs and tissues, crosses the blood-brain barrier and placental barrier. Piracezine (Piracetam) selectively accumulates in the tissues of the cerebral cortex, predominantly in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

T1/2 from plasma is 4-5 hours, from cerebrospinal fluid is 6-8 hours. This drug excreted by the kidneys unchanged. In renal insufficiency T1/2 is increases.

Why is Piracezine prescribed?

Memory disturbances, dizziness, decreased concentration, emotional lability, dementia due to cerebrovascular events (ischemic stroke), brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, in old age; comatose state of vascular, traumatic or toxic origin; treatment withdrawal and psychoorganic syndrome in chronic alcoholism; learning disorders in children not related to inadequate training or the peculiarities of family environment (as part of combination therapy); sickle cell anemia (as part of combination therapy).

Dosage and administration

Oral for adults 30-160 mg / kg in 2-4 doses. Duration of treatment is 6-8 weeks.

If necessary, Piracezine use IM or IV at an initial dose of 10 g / day. At IV administration to patients in critical condition daily dose may reach 12 g. After clinical improvement the dose is gradually reduced and transferred to an oral administration.

For children the oral dose is 30-50 mg / kg in 2-3 doses. The treatment should be continued for at least 3 weeks.

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Piracezine (Piracetam) side effects, adverse reactions

Digestive system: rarely - dyspeptic symptoms, abdominal pain.

CNS: rarely - nervousness, agitation, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, headache, tremor, in some cases - weakness, drowsiness.

Other: increased sexual activity.

Piracezine contraindications

Hemorrhagic stroke, severe renal impairment (with CC < 20 ml / min), hypersensitivity to Piracezine (Piracetam).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Adequate and well-controlled studies safety of Piracezine during pregnancy has not been carried out. Piracezine (Piracetam) use is possible only in cases where the intended benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the fetus.

Piracezine (Piracetam) apparently passes into breast milk. If necessary use during lactation should solve the issue of termination of breastfeeding.

In experimental studies in animals it was showed no adverse effects of Piracezine (Piracetam) on the fetus.

Special instructions

Piracezine (Piracetam) use with careful in patients with severe hemostasis disorders, surgery for large and heavy bleeding; with renal insufficiency.

It is recommended constant monitoring of indicators of kidney function.

In the case of sleep disorders is recommended to cancel an evening reception of Piracezine (Piracetam), attaching the dose to day reception.

Piracezine drug interactions

Simultaneous administration of Piracezine (Piracetam) with:

  • drugs of thyroid hormone may develop central effects - tremors, restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbance, confusion;
  • CNS stimulants may increase stimulating effect;
  • neuroleptics observed increased extrapyramidal disorders. There was described a case of the interaction of Piracezine (Piracetam) while using with an extract of thyroid gland containing triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine when the patient had marked anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders.

    Piracezine in case of emergency / overdose

    Symptoms: amplification of possible side effects.

    Treatment: gastric lavage, activated charcoal, symptomatic therapy, hemodialysis is possible (efficiency 50-60%); there is no specific antidote.

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    Piracezine pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

    Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


    Piracezine available forms, composition, doses:

    Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
    Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
    Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


    Piracezine destination | category:

    Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
    Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


    Piracezine Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

    A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


    Piracezine pharmaceutical companies:

    Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
    Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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    References

    1. "piracetam". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    2. "Piracetam". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0921... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    3. "ZH516LNZ10: The UNique Ingredient Identifier (UNII) is an alphanumeric substance identifier from the joint FDA/USP Substance Registration System (SRS).". https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/Dat... (accessed August 28, 2018).

    Frequently asked Questions

    Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Piracezine?

    Depending on the reaction of the Piracezine after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Piracezine not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

    Is Piracezine addictive or habit forming?

    Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

    Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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    Review

    sdrugs.com conducted a study on Piracezine, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Piracezine consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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    The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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