Pioglitazone Hydrochloride

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Pioglitazone Hydrochloride uses


Pharmacological action

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is an oral hypoglycemic agent, series of thiazolidinedione derivatives. Powerful and selective agonist of gamma-receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated. PPAR-gamma receptors are found in adipose and muscle tissues and liver. Activation of nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma modulates the transcription of several genes that are sensitive to insulin, involved in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. This medicine reduces insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and liver, as a result of this is increased flow of glucose and insulin reduced glucose production in the liver. Unlike sulfonylureas, Pioglitazone Hydrochloride does not stimulate insulin secretion by beta cells of the pancreas.

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (insulin-dependent) decrease in insulin resistance under the action of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride reduces blood glucose levels, reduce insulin levels in plasma and hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c).

In diabetes mellitus type 2 (insulin-dependent) with lipid disorders during treatment with Pioglitazone Hydrochloride there is a decrease in triglycerides and increase HDL. The level of LDL and total cholesterol in these patients does not change.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is found in fasting plasma after 30 minutes. Cmax in plasma is reached after 2 hours. At ingestion there was a slight increase of Cmax to 3-4 hours, but the extent of absorption was not changed.

Protein binding of human serum, mainly to albumin greater than 99%; binding to other serum proteins less pronounced. The metabolites of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride M-III and M-IV also significantly associated with serum albumin is more than 98%.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is extensively metabolized in the liver by hydroxylation and oxidation. Metabolites M-II, M-IV (hydroxy derivatives of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride) and M-III (keto derivative of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride) exhibit pharmacological activity in models of type 2 diabetes in animals. Metabolites also partly converted into conjugates glucuronic or sulfuric acids.

The metabolism of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in the liver occurs with the participation of isoenzymes CYP2C8 and CYP3A4.

T1/2 of unchanged Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is 3-7 hours, total Pioglitazone Hydrochloride (pioglitazone and active metabolites) is 16-24 hours. The clearance of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is 5-7 L / h.

After oral administration about 15-30% of the dose of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is found in urine. Kidneys displayed a negligible amount of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, mainly in the form of metabolites and their conjugates.

It is believed that the ingestion of large doses is excreted in bile as unchanged and as metabolites and excreted in the feces.

The concentrations of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and active metabolites in serum remained at a high level 24 h after a single daily dose.

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Why is Pioglitazone Hydrochloride prescribed?

Type 2 diabetes.

Dosage and administration

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is taken orally in dose 30 mg 1 time / day. The duration of treatment is determined individually.

The maximum dose in combination therapy is 30 mg / day.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride side effects, adverse reactions

Metabolism: a possible development of hypoglycaemia.

Hematopoietic system: possible anemia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Digestive system: rarely - increased ALT.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride contraindications

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (insulin-dependent), diabetic ketoacidosis, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to Pioglitazone Hydrochloride.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. In patients with insulin resistance and anovulatory cycles in pre menopausal period the treatment with thiazolidinediones, including Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, can cause ovulation. This increases the risk of pregnancy if you do not use adequate contraception.

In experimental studies in animals showed that Pioglitazone Hydrochloride has no teratogenic effects and adverse effects on fertility.

Category of the fetus by FDA - C.

Special instructions

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride should not be used in the presence of clinical presentations of liver disease in the active phase or an increase in ALT is 2.5 times above ULN.

During treatment for suspected development of liver dysfunction should define indicators of liver function tests. In the case of jaundice Pioglitazone Hydrochloride should be discontinued.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride should be used with caution in patients with edema.

Anemia, decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease may be associated with increased plasma volume and do not show any clinically significant hematological effects.

If necessary to usee Pioglitazone Hydrochloride simultaneously with ketoconazole should be more regular follow-up blood glucose levels.

There have been rare cases of a temporary increase in the activity level of CPK during treatment with this drug, which had no clinical consequences. The relationship of these reactions from taking Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is unknown.

The average values of bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT decreased in the survey at the end of treatment by this medicine compared with those of before treatment.

Before treatment and during the first year of treatment (every 2 months) and then periodically monitor the activity of ALT should be.

Experimental studies have shown that Pioglitazone Hydrochloride is not mutagenic.

The use of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in children is not recommended.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride drug interactions

In another thiazolidinedione derivative simultaneously observed with oral contraceptives decrease the concentration of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone in plasma by approximately 30%. Therefore, while the use of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride and oral contraceptives may decrease contraceptive efficacy.

Ketoconazole inhibits the metabolism of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in the liver in vitro.

Sulfonamides derivatives, metformin and insulin potentiate (relatively) hypoglycemia.

Pioglitazone Hydrochloride in case of emergency / overdose

Treatment: symptomatic therapy.

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Pioglitazone Hydrochloride pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Pioglitazone Hydrochloride available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Pioglitazone Hydrochloride destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Pioglitazone Hydrochloride Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Pioglitazone Hydrochloride pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."ACTOS (PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE) TABLET [LAKE ERIE MEDICAL & SURGICAL SUPPLY DBA QUALITY CARE PRODUCTS LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. "Pioglitazone". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "Pioglitazone". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0113... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Pioglitazone Hydrochloride?

Depending on the reaction of the Pioglitazone Hydrochloride after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Pioglitazone Hydrochloride not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Pioglitazone Hydrochloride addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Pioglitazone Hydrochloride, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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What is the dose of Pioglitazone Hydrochloride drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 101-200mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
101-200mg1
100.0%

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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