Pazolini

What are the side effects you encounter while taking this medicine?
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Pazolini uses


Pharmacological action

Pazolini is a benzodiazepine derivative tranquilizer. It provides anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant, central muscle relaxant effect. The mechanism of action is associated with increased inhibitory effect of GABA in the CNS. Muscle relaxant effect is also due to the inhibition of spinal reflexes. This medication may cause anticholinergic effects.

Pharmacokinetics

Pazolini has rapid absorption. Cmax in plasma observed after 90 min. Plasma protein binding is 98%. Pazolini crosses the placental barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid; excreted in breast milk; metabolized in the liver; excreted by the kidneys - 70%.

Why is Pazolini prescribed?

  • neuroses, borderline states with symptoms of stress, restlessness, anxiety, fear
  • sleep disturbance, motor stimulation of various etiologies in neurology and psychiatry, withdrawal syndrome in chronic alcoholism
  • spastic conditions associated with lesions of the brain or spinal cord, and myositis, bursitis, arthritis, accompanied by a voltage of skeletal muscle
  • status epilepticus
  • premedication before anesthesia as a component of combined anesthesia
  • relief labor, premature birth, abruptio placenta, tetanus

    Dosage and administration

    Pazolini prescribed for oral, IV, IM, rectal use. The daily dose of Pazolini ranges from 0.5 mg to 60 mg. Single dose, frequency and duration of use are set individually.

    Pazolini side effects, adverse reactions

    CNS: drowsiness, dizziness, muscle weakness; rare - confusion, depression, blurred vision, diplopia, dysarthria, headache, tremor, ataxia; in single cases - a paradoxical response: excitement, anxiety, sleep disturbances, hallucinations. After IV injection is sometimes seen a hiccup. With prolonged use may develop drug dependence, memory impairment.

    Digestive system: rarely - constipation, nausea, dry mouth, excessive salivation; in single cases - raising the level of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood plasma, jaundice.

    Endocrine system: rarely - increased or decreased libido.

    Urinary system: rare - incontinence.

    Cardiovascular system: when administered parenteral may be some fall in blood pressure.

    Respiratory system: when administered parenteral in single cases - respiratory disorders.

    Allergic reactions: rarely - a skin rash.

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    Contraindications

    Myasthenia gravis, severe chronic hypercapnia. Specifying a history of alcohol or drug dependence. Hypersensitivity to Pazolini and other benzodiazepines.

    Pazolini using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

    Pazolini should not be used in the I trimester of pregnancy, except in cases of extreme necessity. Pazolini taking during pregnancy may significantly change fetal heart rate.

    When used in obstetrics doses recommended to facilitate childbirth, newborns (most preterm) it is possible temporary muscular hypotonia, hypothermia, respiratory failure.

    When taken regularly during lactation breastfeeding should be discontinued.

    Should avoid the use of Pazolini in newborn infants, since they have not yet fully formed enzyme system involved in the metabolism of Pazolini.

    Special instructions

    Pazolini with caution used in patients with cardiac and respiratory failure, organic changes in the brain, with angle-closure glaucoma and predisposition to it, in myasthenia.

    There are needed special care when using Pazolini (especially at the beginning of treatment) for patients receiving long-term antihypertensive medications of central action, beta-blockers, anticoagulants, cardiac glycosides.

    If you cancel the therapy dose should be reduced gradually. With the sudden cancellation of Pazolini after prolonged use may concern, excitement, tremors, convulsions. This medicine should be abolished in the development of paradoxical reactions (acute agitation, anxiety, sleep disturbances and hallucinations).

    After I.M. injection of Pazolini may increase the activity of CK in the blood plasma (which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction).

    Avoid IA injection.

    Avoid alcohol during the period of treatment.

    Pazolini can cause slowing of psychomotor responses that should be considered for patients involved in potentially danger activities.

    Pazolini drug interactions

    When used Pazolini with drugs providing a depressing effect on the CNS (including with antipsychotics, sedatives, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, drugs for anesthesia), enhanced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, the respiratory center, pronounced arterial hypotension.

    When used Pazolini with the tricyclic antidepressants (including amitriptyline) may be increasing of the CNS depressant effect, increasing concentrations of antidepressants and increased cholinergic action.

    Patients receiving long-term antihypertensive medications central action, beta-blockers, anticoagulants, cardiac glycosides, the extent and mechanisms of drug interactions are unpredictable.

    Simultaneous administration with muscle relaxants the action of muscle relaxants increases, also increases the risk of apnea.

    Co-administration with oral contraceptives may increase the effects of Pazolini. The risk of breakthrough bleeding increases.

    Simultaneous administration with bupivacaine may increase the concentration of bupivacaine in blood plasma; with diclofenac - may increase dizziness; with isoniazid - a decrease of Pazolini elimination from the body.

    Drugs that cause induction of liver enzymes, including antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine, phenytoin) may accelerate the elimination of Pazolini.

    When this medicine used with caffeine decreases sedative and possibly anxiolytic action of Pazolini.

    Simultaneous administration with with clozapine may be expressed as hypotension, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness; with levodopa - may suppress antiparkinsonian action; with lithium carbonate - described a case of coma, with metoprolol - possible decreased visual acuity, impairment of psychomotor reactions.

    Simultaneous administration with paracetamol may decrease excretion of Pazolini and its metabolite desmethyldiazepam; with risperidone - described the cases of NMS.

    Co-administration with rifampicin increased excretion of Pazolini is due to a significant increase in its metabolism under the influence of rifampicin.

    Theophylline at low doses changes a sedative effect of Pazolini.

    In rare cases Pazolini inhibits the metabolism and increases the effect of phenytoin. Phenobarbital and phenytoin may accelerate the metabolism of Pazolini.

    Fluvoxamine increases plasma concentrations and side effects of Pazolini.

    Cimetidine, omeprazole, disulfiram may increase the intensity and duration of action of Pazolini.

    Alcohol and alcohol containing drugs enhanced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system (mainly on the respiratory center) but can also occur syndrome of pathological intoxication.

    Pazolini in case of emergency / overdose

    Symptoms: CNS depression of varying severity (from lethargy to coma): severe drowsiness, lethargy, weakness, decreased muscle tone, ataxia, prolonged confusion, depression of reflexes, coma; perhaps hypotension, respiratory depression.

    Treatment: induction of vomiting and the appointment of activated charcoal (if the patient is conscious), gastric lavage through a tube (if patient is unconscious), symptomatic therapy, monitor vital functions, liquids' intravenous injection (to increase urine output), if necessary - artificial ventilation. With the development of excitation barbiturates should not be used. In hospital conditions used a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil as specific antidote. Hemodialysis is ineffective.

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    Pazolini pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

    Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


    Pazolini available forms, composition, doses:

    Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
    Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
    Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


    Pazolini destination | category:

    Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
    Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


    Pazolini Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

    A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


    Pazolini pharmaceutical companies:

    Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
    Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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    References

    1. Dailymed."DIAZEPAM INJECTION, SOLUTION [HOSPIRA, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    2. Dailymed."DIAZEPAM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
    3. "diazepam". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

    Frequently asked Questions

    Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Pazolini?

    Depending on the reaction of the Pazolini after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Pazolini not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

    Is Pazolini addictive or habit forming?

    Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

    Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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    Review

    sdrugs.com conducted a study on Pazolini, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Pazolini consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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    The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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