Otomixyn

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Otomixyn uses

Otomixyn consists of Fluocinolone Acetonide, Lidocaine Hydrochloride, Neomycin Sulfate, Polymyxin B Sulfate.

Fluocinolone Acetonide:


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Otomixyn Cream is a combination of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens.

1.1 Indication

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is a combination of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens.

1.2 Limitations of Use

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is NOT indicated for the maintenance treatment of melasma. After achieving control with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, some patients may be managed with other treatments instead of triple therapy with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. Melasma usually recurs upon discontinuation of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

The safety and efficacy of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in patients of Fitzpatrick Skin Types V and VI have not been studied. Excessive bleaching resulting in undesirable cosmetic effect in patients with darker skin cannot be excluded.

The safety and efficacy of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in the treatment of hyperpigmentation conditions other than melasma of the face have not been studied.

Because pregnant and lactating women were excluded from, and women of childbearing potential had to use birth control measures in the clinical trials, the safety and efficacy of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in pregnant women and nursing mothers have not been established [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].

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2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Apply a thin film of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream to the effected area once daily, at least 30 minutes before bedtime.

Gently wash the face and neck with a mild cleanser. Rinse and pat the skin dry. Apply Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream to the hyperpigmented areas of melasma including about 1/2 inch of normal appearing skin surrounding each lesion. Rub lightly and uniformly into the skin.

Therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved.

During the day, use a sunscreen of SPF 30, and wear protective clothing. Avoid sunlight exposure. Patients may use moisturizers and/or cosmetics during the day.

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is for topical use only. It is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use.

  • Apply a thin film to the affected area once daily, at least 30 minutes before bedtime. (2)
  • During the day, use a sunscreen of SPF 30, and wear protective clothing. Avoid sunlight exposure. (2)

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Cream, 0.01%/4%/0.05%.

Each gram of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains 0.1 mg of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, 40 mg of hydroquinone, and 0.5 mg of tretinoin in a light yellow, hydrophilic cream base.

  • Cream, 0.01%/4%/0.05%. Each gram of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains 0.1 mg of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, 40 mg of hydroquinone, and 0.5 mg of tretinoin. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components.

  • Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to this product or any of its components. (4)
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5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Otomixyn Cream contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening asthmatic episodes in susceptible people. If anaphylaxis, asthma or other clinically significant hypersensitivity reaction occurs, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide). (5.1)
  • Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains hydroquinone, which may produce exogenous ochronosis, a gradual blue-black darkening of the skin, the occurrence of which should prompt discontinuation of therapy. (5.2)

5.1 Hypersensitivity

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening asthmatic episodes in susceptible individuals. If anaphylaxis, asthma or other clinically significant hypersensitivity reactions occur, institute appropriate therapy and discontinue Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide). Allergic contact dermatitis may also occur [see Warnings and Precautions 5.4].

5.2 Exogenous Ochronosis

Otomixyn Cream contains hydroquinone, which may produce exogenous ochronosis, a gradual blue-black darkening of the skin, the occurrence of which should prompt discontinuation of therapy. The majority of patients developing this condition are Black, but it may also occur in Caucasians and Hispanics.

5.3 Effects on Endocrine System

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains the corticosteroid Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide. Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids can produce reversible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression with the potential for glucocorticosteroid insufficiency after withdrawal of treatment. Manifestations of Cushing’s syndrome, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria can also be produced by systemic absorption of topical corticosteroid while on treatment. If HPA axis suppression is noted, the use of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream should be discontinued. Recovery of HPA axis function generally occurs upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids.

The ACTH or cosyntropin stimulation test may be helpful in evaluating patients for HPA axis suppression.

5.4 Cutaneous Reactions

Cutaneous hypersensitivity to the active ingredients of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream has been reported in the literature. In a patch test study to determine sensitization potential in 221 healthy volunteers, three volunteers developed sensitivity reactions to Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream or its components.

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains hydroquinone and tretinoin that may cause mild to moderate irritation. Local irritation, such as skin reddening, peeling, mild burning sensation, dryness, and pruritus may be expected at the site of application. Transient skin reddening or mild burning sensation does not preclude treatment. If a reaction suggests hypersensitivity or chemical irritation, the use of the medication should be discontinued.

Patients should avoid medicated or abrasive soaps and cleansers, soaps and cosmetics with drying effects, products with high concentrations of alcohol and astringents, and other irritants or keratolytic drugs while on Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream treatment. Patients are cautioned on concomitant use of medications that are known to be photosensitizing.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

In the controlled clinical trials, adverse events were monitored in the 161 subjects who used Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream once daily during an 8-week treatment period. There were 102 (63%) subjects who experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event during these trials. The most frequently reported events were erythema, desquamation, burning, dryness, and pruritus at the site of application. The majority of these events were mild to moderate in severity. Adverse events reported by at least 1% of patients and judged by the investigators to be reasonably related to treatment with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream from the controlled clinical trials are summarized (in decreasing order of frequency) as follows:

In an open-label trial, subjects who had cumulative treatment of melasma with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream for 6 months showed a similar pattern of adverse events as in the 8-week studies.

The following local adverse reactions have been reported with topical corticosteroids. They may occur more frequently with the use of occlusive dressings, especially with higher potency corticosteroids. These reactions are listed in an approximate decreasing order of occurrence: burning, itching, irritation, dryness, folliculitis, acneiform eruptions, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, and miliaria.

Most common adverse reactions (incidence > 5%) are erythema, desquamation, burning, dryness, pruritus, and acne. (6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Galderma Laboratories, L.P. at 1-866-735-4137 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

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8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Otomixyn Cream contains the teratogen, tretinoin, which may cause embryofetal death, altered fetal growth, congenital malformations, and potential neurologic deficits. Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. (8.1)

8.1 Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains the teratogen, tretinoin, which may cause embryo-fetal death, altered fetal growth, congenital malformations, and potential neurologic deficits.

In clinical trials involving Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in the treatment of facial melasma, women of child-bearing potential initiated treatment only after having had a negative pregnancy test and used effective birth control measures during therapy. However, 13 women became pregnant during treatment with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. Most of the pregnancy outcomes are unknown. Three women gave birth to apparently healthy babies. One pregnancy was terminated prematurely, and another ended in miscarriage.

In general, use of drugs should be reduced to a minimum in pregnancy. If a patient has been inadvertently exposed to Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in pregnancy, she should be counseled on the risk of teratogenesis due to this exposure. The risk of teratogenesis due to topical exposure to Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream may be considered low. However, exposure during the period of organogenesis in the first trimester is theoretically more likely to produce adverse outcome than in later pregnancy.

Tretinoin is considered to be highly teratogenic upon systemic administration. Animal reproductive studies are not available with topical hydroquinone. Corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals when administered systemically at relatively low dosage levels. Some corticosteroids have been shown to be teratogenic after dermal application in laboratory animals.

- In a dermal application study using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in pregnant rabbits, there was an increase in the number of in utero deaths and a decrease in fetal weights in litters from dams treated topically with the drug product.

- In a dermal application study in pregnant rats treated with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream during organogenesis there was evidence of teratogenicity of the type expected with tretinoin. These morphological alterations included cleft palate, protruding tongue, open eyes, umbilical hernia, and retinal folding or dysplasia.

- In a dermal application study on the gestational and postnatal effects of a 10-fold dilution of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in rats, an increase in the number of stillborn pups, lower pup body weights, and delay in preputial separation were observed. An increase in overall activity was seen in some treated litters at postnatal day 22 and in all treated litters at five weeks, a pattern consistent with effects previously noted in animals exposed in utero with retinoic acids. No adequate study of the late gestational and postnatal effects of the full-strength Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream has been performed.

- It is difficult to interpret these animal studies on teratogenicity with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, because the availability of the dermal applications in these studies could not be assured, and comparison with clinical dosing is not possible.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Corticosteroids, when systemically administered, appear in human milk. It is not known whether topical application of Otomixyn Cream could result in sufficient systemic absorption to produce detectable quantities of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, hydroquinone, or tretinoin in human milk. Because many drugs are secreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is administered to a nursing woman. Care should be taken to avoid contact between the infant being nursed and Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

8.4 Pediatric use

Safety and effectiveness of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream did not include sufficient number of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

11 DESCRIPTION

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) (fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, and tretinoin) Cream, 0.01%/4%/0.05% contains Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, USP, hydroquinone, USP, and tretinoin, USP, in a light yellow, hydrophilic cream base for topical application.

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide is a synthetic fluorinated corticosteroid. It is a white crystalline powder that is odorless and stable in light.

The chemical name for Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide is: (6α,11β,16α)-6,9-difluoro-11,21-dihydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-pregna-1,-4-diene-3,20-dione.

The molecular formula is C24H30F2O6 and molecular weight is 452.50.

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide has the following structural formula:

Hydroquinone is a melanin synthesis inhibitor. It is prepared from the reduction of p-benzoquinone with sodium bisulfite. It occurs as fine white needles that darken on exposure to air.

The chemical name for hydroquinone is: 1,4-benzenediol.

The molecular formula is C6H6O2 and molecular weight is 110.11.

Hydroquinone has the following structural formula:

Tretinoin, a retinoid, is all-trans-retinoic acid formed from the oxidation of the aldehyde group of retinene to a carboxyl group. It occurs as yellow to light-orange crystals or crystalline powder with a characteristic odor of ensilage. It is highly reactive to light and moisture.

The chemical name for tretinoin is: (all-E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid.

The molecular formula is C20H28O2 and molecular weight is 300.44.

Tretinoin has the following structural formula:

Each gram of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream contains Active: Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide 0.01% (0.1 mg), hydroquinone 4% (40 mg), and tretinoin 0.05% (0.5 mg). Inactive: butylated hydroxytoluene, cetyl alcohol, citric acid anhydrous, glycerin, glyceryl stearate, magnesium aluminum silicate, methyl gluceth-10, methylparaben, PEG-100 stearate, propylparaben, purified water, sodium metabisulfite, stearic acid, and stearyl alcohol.

fluocinolone-mol hydro-mol tretinoin

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The mechanism of action of the active ingredients in Otomixyn Cream in the treatment of melasma is unknown.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Percutaneous absorption of unchanged tretinoin, hydroquinone and Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide into the systemic circulation of two groups of healthy volunteers (Total N=59) was found to be minimal following 8 weeks of daily application of 1g (Group I, n=45) or 6g (Group II, n=14) of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

For tretinoin quantifiable plasma concentrations were obtained in 57.78% (26 out of 45) of Group I and 57.14% (8 out of 14) of Group II subjects. The exposure to tretinoin as reflected by the Cmax values ranged from 2.01 to 5.34 ng/mL (Group I) and 2.0 to 4.99 ng/mL (Group II). Thus, daily application of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream resulted in a minimal increase of normal endogenous levels of tretinoin. The circulating tretinoin levels represent only a portion of total tretinoin-associated retinoids, which would include metabolites of tretinoin and that sequestered into peripheral tissues.

For hydroquinone, quantifiable plasma concentrations were obtained in 18% (8 out of 44) Group I subjects. The exposure to hydroquinone, as reflected by the Cmax values, ranged from 25.55 to 86.52 ng/mL. All Group II subjects (6g dose) had post-dose plasma hydroquinone concentrations below the quantitation limit. For Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, Groups I and II subjects had all post-dose plasma concentrations below quantitation limit.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

When Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, hydroquinone, and tretinoin in fixed combinations equivalent to 10%, 50%, 100%, and 150% of the concentrations in the clinical formulation of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream were applied topically to male and female CD-1 mice for up to 24 months at dosages approximating up to 50, 19,000, and 250 µg/kg/day, respectively (corresponding to dosages of 150, 57,000, and 750 μg/m2/day, respectively), no statistically significant changes in tumor incidence were observed.

When Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, hydroquinone, and tretinoin in fixed combinations equivalent to 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% of the concentrations in the clinical formulation of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream were applied topically to male and female SD rats for up to 24 months at dosages approximating up to 10, 4000, and 50 µg/kg/day, respectively (corresponding to dosages of 60, 24,000, and 300 μg/m2/day, respectively), statistically significant increases in the incidences of islet cell adenomas and combined islet cell adenomas and carcinomas of the pancreas in both males and females were observed. The clinical relevance of these findings is unknown.

Studies of hydroquinone in animals have demonstrated some evidence of carcinogenicity. The carcinogenic potential of hydroquinone in humans is unknown.

Studies in hairless albino mice suggest that concurrent exposure to tretinoin may enhance the tumorigenic potential of carcinogenic doses of UVB and UVA light from a solar simulator. This effect has been confirmed in a later study in pigmented mice, and dark pigmentation did not overcome the enhancement of photocarcinogenesis by 0.05% tretinoin. Although the significance of these studies to humans is not clear, patients should minimize exposure to sunlight or artificial ultraviolet irradiation sources.

Mutagenicity studies were not conducted with this combination of active ingredients. Published studies have demonstrated that hydroquinone is a mutagen and a clastogen. Treatment with hydroquinone has resulted in positive findings for genetic toxicity in the Ames assay in bacterial strains sensitive to oxidizing mutagens, in in vitro studies in mammalian cells, and in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. Tretinoin has been shown to be negative for mutagenesis in the Ames assay. Additional information regarding the genetic toxicity potential of tretinoin and of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide is not available.

A dermal reproductive fertility study was conducted in SD rats using a 10-fold dilution of the clinical formulation. No effect was seen on the traditional parameters used to assess fertility, although prolongation of estrus was observed in some females, and there was a trend towards an increase in pre-and post-implantation loss that was not statistically significant. No adequate study of fertility and early embryonic toxicity of the full-strength drug product has been performed. In a six-month study in minipigs, small testes and severe hypospermia were found when males were treated topically with the full strength drug product.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Two adequate and well-controlled efficacy and safety trials were conducted in 641 subjects between the ages of 21 to 75 years, having Fitzpatrick Skin types I-IV and moderate to severe melasma of the face. Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream was compared with 3 possible combinations of 2 of the 3 active ingredients [(1) hydroquinone 4% (HQ) + tretinoin 0.05% (RA); (2) Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide 0.01% (FA) + tretinoin 0.05% (RA); (3) Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide 0.01% (FA) + hydroquinone 4% (HQ)], contained in the same vehicle as Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. Subjects were instructed to apply their study medication each night, after washing their face with a mild soapless cleanser, for 8 weeks. Instructions were given to apply a thin layer of study medication to the hyperpigmented lesion, making sure to cover the entire lesion including the outside borders extending to the normal pigmented skin. Subjects were provided a mild moisturizer for use as needed. A sunscreen with SPF 30 was also provided with instructions for daily use. Protective clothing and avoidance of sunlight exposure to the face was recommended.

Subjects were evaluated for melasma severity at Baseline and at Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 of treatment. Primary efficacy was based on the proportion of subjects who had an investigators’ assessment of treatment success, defined as the clearing of melasma at the end of the eight-week treatment period. The majority of subjects enrolled in the two trials were white (approximately 66%) and female (approximately 98%). Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream was demonstrated to be significantly more effective than any of the other combinations of the active ingredients.

PRIMARY EFFICACY ANALYSIS:

p-value is from Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistics controlling for pooled investigator and comparing Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream to the other treatment groups.

In the Investigators’ assessment of melasma severity at Day 56 of treatment, the following table shows the clinical improvement profile for all subjects treated with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream based on severity of their melasma at the start of treatment.

Assessment Scale: Cleared (melasma lesions approximately equivalent to surrounding normal skin or with minimal residual hyperpigmentation); Mild (slightly darker than the surrounding normal skin); Moderate (moderately darker than the surrounding normal skin); Severe (markedly darker than the surrounding normal skin).

Subjects experienced improvement of their melasma with the use of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream as early as 4 weeks. However, among 7 subjects who had clearing at the end of 4 weeks of treatment with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, 4 of them did not maintain the remission after an additional 4 weeks of treatment.

After 8 weeks of treatment with the trial drug, subjects entered into an open-label extension period in which Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream was given on an as-needed basis for the treatment of melasma. The remission periods appeared to shorten between progressive courses of treatment. Additionally, few subjects maintained complete clearing of melasma (approximately 1 to 2%).

table-2 table-3

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is light yellow in color, and supplied in 30 g aluminum tubes, NDC 0299-5950-30.

Storage: Keep tightly closed. Store in a refrigerator, 2° - 8°C (36° - 46°F). Protect from freezing.

See FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information)

Inform patients of the following:

  • Advise patients to change to non-hormonal forms of birth control, if hormonal methods are used.
  • Use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream as directed by the health care provider and do not use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream for any disorder other than that for which it is prescribed.
  • Avoid exposure to sunlight, sunlamp, or ultraviolet light. Patients who are consistently exposed to sunlight or skin irritants either through their work environment or habits should exercise particular caution. Use sunscreen and protective covering (such as the use of a hat) over the treated areas. Sunscreen use is an essential aspect of melasma therapy, as even minimal sunlight sustains melanocytic activity.
  • Weather extremes, such as heat or cold, may be irritating to patients treated with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. Because of the drying effect of this medication, a moisturizer may be applied to the face in the morning after washing.
  • Keep Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream away from the eyes, nose, angles of the mouth, or open wounds because these areas are more sensitive to the irritant effect. If local irritation persists or becomes severe, discontinue application of the medication and consult your health care provider. Seek medical attention if you experience allergic contact dermatitis, blistering, crusting, and severe burning or swelling of the skin and irritation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth.
  • If the medication is applied excessively, marked redness, peeling, or discomfort may occur.
  • Wash your hands after each application.

Marketed by:

GALDERMA LABORATORIES, L.P.

Fort Worth, TX 76177 USA

Manufactured by:

Hill Dermaceuticals, Inc.

Sanford, FL 32773 USA

P51400-1

or

Manufactured by:

G Production Inc.

Baie d’Urfé, QC, H9X 3S4 Canada

Made in Canada

P52091-2

PATIENT INFORMATION

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide)® (try-LOOM-ah)

(fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, and tretinoin 0.05%)

Cream

Important information: Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is for use on skin only. Do not use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in your mouth, eyes, or vagina.

What is the most important information I should know about Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream may cause birth defects or death of the baby if used during pregnancy. The risk of birth defects or death of the baby may be greater if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is used during the first trimester of pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

If you become pregnant while using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, tell your doctor right away.

What is Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is a prescription medicine used for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in combination with sun avoidance and the use of sunscreens.

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is not for continuous treatment of melasma.

It is not known if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is safe and effective in children.

It is not known if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is safe and effective in people with dark brown to black skin color.

It is not known if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is safe and effective in the treatment of dark spots (hyperpigmentation) of the skin caused by conditions other than melasma of the face.

It is not known if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream is safe and effective in females who are pregnant or who are breastfeeding. See "What is the most important information I should know about Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream? and What should I tell my doctor before using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?"

Who should not use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Do not use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream if you are allergic to it or any of the ingredients in Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of ingredients in Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

What should I tell my doctor before using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Before you use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, tell your doctor if you:

  • are allergic to sulfites
  • have any other medical conditions
  • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. See " What is the most important information I should know about Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?"
  • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream passes into your breast milk. You should avoid skin-to-skin contact between areas treated with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream and your baby.

Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, herbal supplements and skin products that you use.

How should I use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

  • Use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream exactly as your doctor tells you to use it.
  • Before you apply Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream, gently wash your face with a mild cleanser. Rinse your face and pat your skin dry.
  • Apply Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream 1 time a day, at least 30 minutes before bedtime.
  • Apply a thin layer of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream to the affected skin areas. Include about 1/2 inch of normal skin surrounding the affected area.
  • Gently rub Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream evenly into your skin.
  • Do not get Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream near the corners of your mouth, your nose, your eyes, or open wounds.
  • Do not bandage or cover the treated skin after applying Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.
  • You may use moisturizers and cosmetics during the day.
  • Wash your hands after applying Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

What should I avoid while using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

  • You should avoid sunlight, sunlamps, tanning beds, and ultraviolet light during treatment with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.
  • Use sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of 30 or more. If you have to be in the sunlight, wear a wide-brimmed hat or other protective clothing to cover the treated areas.
  • Melasma can get worse with even a small amont of sunlight. You should continue to avoid sunlight, use sunscreen, and wear protective clothing after treatment with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.
  • Females should avoid the use of hormonal forms of birth control. Hormonal birth control methods can cause your melasma to become worse. Talk to your doctor about other birth control options.
  • Heat and cold weather may irritate skin treated with Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide). Talk with your doctor about ways to manage skin irritation.

What are the possible side effects of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream may cause serious side effects, including:

- allergic reactions. Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream may cause allergic reactions that can be life threatening. Stop using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream and call your doctor or get medical help right away if you get any of the following symptoms:

  • swelling of your face, eyes, lips, tongue, or throat
  • trouble breathing
  • severe itching
  • skin rash or hives

- change in skin color. One of the medicines in Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream can cause a blue-black darkening of your skin. Stop using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream and tell you doctor if you develop a blue-black darkening of your skin.

- Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream can pass through your skin. Too much Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream passing through your skin can cause your adrenal glands to stop working. Your doctor may do blood tests to check for adrenal gland problems.

- skin irritation. Stop using Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream and call your doctor if you have:

  • blistering or crusting of your skin
  • severe burning
  • swelling of your skin
  • irritation of your eyes, nose, or mouth

The most common side effects of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream include:

  • redness
  • peeling
  • burning
  • dryness
  • itching
  • acne

Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

You may also report side effects to Galderma Laboratories, L.P. at 1-866-735-4137.

How should I store Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

  • Store Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream in a refrigerator, between 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8 °C).
  • Keep Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream tube tightly closed.
  • Do not freeze Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream.

General information about the safe and effective use of Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.

If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) Cream?

Active ingredients: Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide, hydroquinone, and tretinoin

Inactive ingredients: butylated hydroxytoluene, cetyl alcohol, citric acid anhydrous, glycerin, glyceryl stearate, magnesium aluminum silicate, methyl gluceth-10, methylparaben, PEG-100 stearate, propylparaben, purified water, sodium metabisulfite, stearic acid, and stearyl alcohol

This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Marketed by:

GALDERMA LABORATORIES, L.P.

Fort Worth, TX 76177 USA

Manufactured by:

Hill Dermaceuticals, Inc.

Sanford, FL 32773 USA

or

Manufactured by:

G Production Inc.

Baie dUrfé, QC, H9X 3S4 Canada

Made in Canada

Revised: March 2014


Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide)® (fluocinolone acetonide, hydroquinone, tretinoin) cream, 0.01%/4%/0.05%

MUST BE REFRIGERATED

NDC 0299-5950-30

Rx Only

NET WT. 30 g

GALDERMA

Lot No.: Exp. Date:

For Topical Use Only. Not for Ophthalmic Use.

Usual

Dosage: Apply a thin film to affected areas once daily at night. See package insert for complete prescribing information.

Each gram contains: Active: Otomixyn (Fluocinolone Acetonide) acetonide 0.01% (0.1 mg), hydroquinone 4% (40 mg), and tretinoin 0.05% (0.5 mg). Inactive: butylated hydroxytoluene, cetyl alcohol, citric acid anhydrous, glycerin, glyceryl stearate, magnesium aluminum silicate, methyl gluceth-10, methylparaben, PEG-100 stearate, propylparaben, purified water, sodium metabisulfite, stearic acid, and stearyl alcohol.

Storage: Store in a refrigerator, 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). Protect from freezing.

www.triluma.com

Marketed by:

GALDERMA LABORATORIES, L.P.

Fort Worth, Texas 76177 USA

Galderma is a registered trademark.

P51399-2

MUST BE REFRIGERATED

p51399-2-tri-luma-30g-crm-crtn

Lidocaine Hydrochloride:


Pharmacological action

Otomixyn is an antiarrhythmic agent of class IB, local anesthetic, a derivative of acetanilide. This medication has membrane stabilizing activity. Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) causes a blockade of sodium channels of excitable membranes of neurons and the membrane of cardiomyocytes.

This drug reduces the duration of the action potential and effective refractory period in Purkinje fibers, inhibits their automaticity. In this case, Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) inhibits electrical activity in depolarized, arrhythmogenic sites, but minimally affects the electrical activity of normal tissues. When used in the medium therapeutic doses virtually no effect on myocardial contractility and slows AV-conduction. When applied as an antiarrhythmic agent in IV injection it begin to act in 45-90 seconds, the duration of action is 10-20 minutes; for IM administration the onset of action is in 5-15 minutes, the duration - 60-90 minutes.

Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) causes all kinds of local anesthesia: a terminal, infiltration and wires.

Pharmacokinetics

After IM administration absorption of Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) is almost complete. The distribution is rapid, Vd is about 1 L/kg (in patients with heart failure it is below). The protein binding depends on the concentration of the active substance in the plasma and is 60-80%. Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) metabolized mainly in the liver with the formation of active metabolites, that may contribute to the manifestation of the therapeutic and toxic effects, especially after the infusion for 24 hours or more.

T1/2 tends to be two phases with the phase distribution of 9.7 min. In general T1/2 depends on the dose is 1-2 hours and can grow up to 3 hours or more during prolonged intravenous infusion (over 24 h). Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) excreted by the kidneys as metabolites, 10% unchanged.

Why is Otomixyn prescribed?

In cardiological practice: treatment and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias (extrasystoles, tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation), including in acute myocardial infarction, implantation of artificial pacemaker in the glycoside intoxication, narcosis.

Anaesthesia: terminal, infiltration, conduction, spinal (epidural) anesthesia in surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, dentistry, otolaryngology, blockade of peripheral nerves and ganglion.

Dosage and administration

As an anti-arrhythmic medicine for adult with the introduction of a loading dose by IV - 1-2 mg / kg over 3-4 minutes; the average single dose is 80 mg. Then immediately transferred to drip infusion at a rate of 20-55 mg / kg / min. Drip infusion can be carried out within 24-36 hours. If necessary, against the background of drop infusions can repeat IV jet injection of Otomixyn 40 mg after 10 minutes after the first loading dose.

IM is introduced to 2-4 mg / kg, if necessary, repeated administration is possible through 60-90 minutes.

For children with IV injection loading dose - 1 mg / kg, if necessary, it may be repeated administration in 5 min.

For continuous intravenous infusion (usually following the introduction of a loading dose) - 20-30 mg / kg / min.

For use in surgical and obstetric practice, dentistry, ENT practice, dosing regimen set individually, depending on the evidence, the clinical situation and used the dosage form.

Maximum dose: for adults for IV injections the loading dose is 100 mg, in a subsequent drop infusion it is 2 mg / min; when IM administration - 300 mg (about 4.5 mg / kg) for 1 h.

For children in case of reintroduction the loading dose every 5 minutes, the total dose is 3 mg / kg; by continuous intravenous infusion (usually following the introduction of a loading dose) - 50 mg / kg / min.

Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, headache, weakness, motor restlessness, nystagmus, loss of consciousness, drowsiness, visual and auditory disturbances, tremor, trismus, seizures (risk of their development against the backdrop of increasing hypercapnia and acidosis), a syndrome of "cauda equina" (paralysis of the legs, paresthesia), paralysis of respiratory muscles, respiratory arrest, a block of motor and sensitive, respiratory paralysis (usually develops in the subarachnoid anesthesia), numb tongue (when used in dentistry).

Cardiovascular system: increased or decreased blood pressure, tachycardia if used with a vasoconstrictor, peripheral vasodilatation, collapse, chest pain.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, involuntary defecation.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, hives (on skin and mucous membranes), itching, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Local reactions: during spinal anesthesia - a pain in the back, with an epidural anesthesia - a random hit in the subarachnoid space, when applied topically in urology - urethritis.

Other: incontinent, methemoglobinemia, persistent anesthesia, decreased libido and / or potency, respiratory depression, until the stop, hypothermia; during anesthesia in dentistry: numbness and paresthesia of the lips and tongue, the lengthening of anesthesia.

Otomixyn contraindications

Severe bleeding, shock, hypotension, infection of the proposed injection site, marked bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, severe forms of chronic heart failure, SSS in elderly patients, AV-block II and III degree (except in cases when the probe was introduced to stimulate the ventricles), severe liver function abnormalities.

For subarachnoid anesthesia - complete heart block, bleeding, hypotension, shock, infection of the venue lumbar puncture, septicemia.

Increased sensitivity to Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) and other amide type local anesthetics.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy and lactation be used only for health reasons. Otomixyn is excreted in breast milk.

In obstetric practice used with caution in paracervical for violations of fetal development, placental insufficiency, prematurity, postmaturity, gestosis.

Category effects on the fetus by FDA - B.

Special instructions

Use with caution in liver disease and kidney failure, hypovolemia, severe heart failure, in violation of the contractility of genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia. In children, debilitated patients, elderly patients are required in dosage adjustment in accordance with the age and physical status. When injected into vascularized tissue it is recommended an aspiration test.

Otomixyn drug interactions

Beta-blockers increase the risk of bradycardia and hypotension. Norepinephrine and beta-blockers by reducing hepatic blood flow decrease (increased toxicity), isadrine and glucagon - increase the clearance of Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride). Cimetidine increases the plasma concentration of Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) (displaces from its association with proteins and slows inactivation in the liver). Barbiturates causing induction of microsomal enzymes stimulate the degradation of Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) and reduce its activity. Anticonvulsants (hydantoin derivatives) accelerate the biotransformation in the liver (decreased concentration in the blood), for IV injections it may increases cardiodepressive action of Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride). Antiarrhythmics (amiodarone, verapamil, quinidine, aymalin) potentiate cardiac depression. Combination with novocainamide may cause CNS excitement and hallucinations. Otomixyn (Lidocaine Hydrochloride) strengthens the inhibitory effect of anesthesia (hexobarbital, thiopental sodium), hypnotics and sedatives on the respiratory center, weakens the cardiac effects of digitoxin, enhances muscle relaxation caused by drugs curare like (possible paralysis of respiratory muscles). MAO inhibitors prolong local anesthesia.

Otomixyn in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: psychomotor agitation, dizziness, weakness, decreased blood pressure, tremors, tonic-clonic convulsions, coma, collapse, possible AV blockade, CNS depression, respiratory arrest.

Treatment: discontinuation, pulmonary ventilation, oxygen therapy, anticonvulsants, vasoconstrictors (norepinephrine, mezaton), when bradycardia - anticholinergics (atropine). It is possible to carry out intubation, mechanical ventilation, resuscitation. Dialysis is ineffective.

Neomycin Sulfate:


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets and other antibacterial drugs, Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

Suppression of Intestinal Bacteria

Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets are indicated as adjunctive therapy as part of a regimen for the suppression of the normal bacterial flora of the bowel, e.g., preoperative preparation of the bowel. It is given concomitantly with erythromycin enteric-coated base (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Hepatic Coma (Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy)

Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia-forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) oral preparations are contraindicated in the presence of intestinal obstruction and in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug.

Patients with a history of hypersensitivity or serious toxic reaction to other aminoglycosides may have a cross-sensitivity to neomycin. Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) oral preparations are contraindicated in patients with inflammatory or ulcerative gastrointestinal disease because of the potential for enhanced gastrointestinal absorption of neomycin.

WARNINGS


Additional manifestations of neurotoxicity may include numbness, skin tingling, muscle twitching and convulsions.

The risk of hearing loss continues after drug withdrawal. Aminoglycosides can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics cross the placenta and there have been several reports of total irreversible bilateral congenital deafness in children whose mothers received streptomycin during pregnancy. Although serious side effects to fetus or newborn have not been reported in the treatment of pregnant women with other aminoglycosides, the potential for harm exists. Animal reproduction studies of neomycin have not been conducted. If neomycin is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Prescribing Otomixyn tablets in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

As with other antibiotics, use of oral neomycin may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, particularly fungi. If this occurs, appropriate therapy should be instituted.

Neomycin is quickly and almost totally absorbed from body surfaces (except the urinary bladder) after local irrigation and when applied topically in association with surgical procedures. Delayed-onset irreversible deafness, renal failure and death due to neuromuscular blockade (regardless of the status of renal function) have been reported following irrigation of both small and large surgical fields with minute quantities of neomycin.

Cross-allergenicity among aminoglycosides has been demonstrated.

Aminoglycosides should be used with caution in patients with muscular disorders such as myasthenia gravis or parkinsonism since these drugs may aggravate muscle weakness because of their potential curare-like effect on the neuromuscular junction.

Small amounts of orally administered neomycin are absorbed through intact intestinal mucosa.

There have been many reports in the literature of nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity with oral use of neomycin. If renal insufficiency develops during oral therapy, consideration should be given to reducing the drug dosage or discontinuing therapy.

An oral neomycin dose of 12 grams per day produces a malabsorption syndrome for a variety of substances, including fat, nitrogen, cholesterol, carotene, glucose, xylose, lactose, sodium, calcium, cyanocobalamin and iron.

Orally administered neomycin increases fecal bile acid excretion and reduces intestinal lactase activity.

Information for The Patient

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets are prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Before administering the drug, patients or members of their families should be informed of possible toxic effects on the eighth nerve. The possibility of acute toxicity increases in premature infants and neonates.

Laboratory Tests

Patients with renal insufficiency may develop toxic neomycin blood levels unless doses are properly regulated. If renal insufficiency develops during treatment, the dosage should be reduced or the antibiotic discontinued. To avoid nephrotoxicity and eighth nerve damage associated with high doses and prolonged treatment, the following should be performed prior to and periodically during therapy: urinalysis for increased excretion of protein, decreased specific gravity, casts and cells; renal function tests such as serum creatinine, BUN or creatinine clearance; tests of the vestibulocochlearis nerve function.

Serial, vestibular and audiometric tests should be performed (especially in high-risk patients). Since elderly patients may have reduced renal function which may not be evident in the results of routine screening tests such as BUN or serum creatinine, a creatinine clearance determination may be more useful.

Drug Interactions

Caution should be taken in concurrent or serial use of other neurotoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs because of possible enhancement of the nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity of neomycin (see boxed WARNINGS ).

Caution should also be taken in concurrent or serial use of other aminoglycosides and polymyxins because they may enhance neomycin’s nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity and potentiate neomycin sulfate’s neuromuscular blocking effects.

Oral neomycin inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of penicillin V, oral vitamin B-12, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The gastrointestinal absorption of digoxin also appears to be inhibited. Therefore, digoxin serum levels should be monitored.

Oral Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) may enhance the effect of coumarin in anticoagulants by decreasing vitamin K availability.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No long-term animal studies have been performed with Otomixyn to evaluate carcinogenic or mutagenic potential or impairment of fertility.

Pregnancy Category D

See WARNINGS section.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether neomycin is excreted in human milk, but it has been shown to be excreted in cow milk following a single intramuscular injection. Other aminoglycosides have been shown to be excreted in human milk. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from the aminoglycosides in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of oral Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) in patients less than 18 years of age have not been established. If treatment of a patient less than 18 years of age is necessary, neomycin should be used with caution and the period of treatment should not exceed two weeks because of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions to oral Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The "Malabsorption Syndrome" characterized by increased fecal fat, decreased serum carotene and fall in xylose absorption has been reported with prolonged therapy. Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockage have been reported (see boxed WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS sections).

OVERDOSAGE

Because of low absorption, it is unlikely that acute overdosage would occur with oral Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate). However, prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.

Hemodialysis will remove Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) from the blood.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

To minimize the risk of toxicity, use the lowest possible dose and the shortest possible treatment period to control the condition. Treatment for periods longer than two weeks is not recommended.

Hepatic Coma

For use as an adjunct in the management of hepatic coma, the recommended dose is 4 to 12 grams per day given in the following regimen:

  • Withdraw protein from diet. Avoid use of diuretic agents.
  • Give supportive therapy, including blood products, as indicated.
  • Give Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets in doses of 4 to 12 grams of Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) per day (eight to 24 tablets) in divided doses. Treatment should be continued over a period of five to six days, during which time protein should be returned incrementally to the diet.
  • If less potentially toxic drugs cannot be used for chronic hepatic insufficiency, neomycin in doses of up to four grams daily (eight tablets per day) may be necessary. The risk for the development of neomycin-induced toxicity progressively increases when treatment must be extended to preserve the life of a patient with hepatic encephalopathy who has failed to fully respond. Frequent periodic monitoring of these patients to ascertain the presence of drug toxicity is mandatory (see PRECAUTIONS ). Also, neomycin serum concentrations should be monitored to avoid potentially toxic levels. The benefits to the patient should be weighed against the risks of nephrotoxicity, permanent ototoxicity and neuromuscular blockade following the accumulation of neomycin in the tissues.

Preoperative Prophylaxis for Elective Colorectal Surgery

Listed below is an example of a recommended bowel preparation regimen. A proposed surgery time of 8:00 a.m. has been used.

Pre-op Day 3: Minimum residue or clear liquid diet. Bisacodyl, 1 tablet orally at 6:00 p.m.

Pre-op Day 2: Minimum residue or clear liquid diet. Magnesium sulfate, 30 mL, 50% solution (15 g) orally at 10:00 a.m., 2:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Enema at 7:00 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.

Pre-op Day 1: Clear liquid diet. Supplemental (IV) fluids as needed. Magnesium sulfate, 30 mL, 50% solution (15 g) orally at 10:00 a.m., and 2:00 p.m. Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) (1 g) and erythromycin base (1 g) orally at 1:00 p.m., 2:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. No enema.

Day of Operation: Patient evacuates rectum at 6:30 a.m. for scheduled operation at 8:00 a.m.

HOW SUPPLIED

Otomixyn (Neomycin Sulfate) tablets USP, 500 mg (equivalent to 350 mg of neomycin base per tablet) are available as white to off-white, round, standard convex tablets debossed "LCI" on one side and "1210", on the other side and are supplied in:

Bottles of 100 (NDC 0527-1210-01)

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

Dispense in tight containers as defined in the USP/NF.

Distributed By:

Lannett Company, Inc.

Philadelphia, PA 19154

Made in the USA

Rev. 01/17

CIB71710A

Polymyxin B Sulfate:



To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Polymyxin and other antibacterial drugs, Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for Injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

WARNINGS

CAUTION: WHEN THIS DRUG IS GIVEN INTRAMUSCULARLY, INTRAVENOUSLY AND/OR INTRATHECALLY, IT SHOULD BE GIVEN ONLY TO HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS, SO AS TO PROVIDE CONSTANT SUPERVISION BY A PHYSICIAN.

RENAL FUNCTION SHOULD BE CAREFULLY DETERMINED AND PATIENTS WITH RENAL DAMAGE AND NITROGEN RETENTION SHOULD HAVE REDUCED DOSAGE. PATIENTS WITH NEPHROTOXICITY DUE TO Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) SULFATE USUALLY SHOW ALBUMINURIA, CELLULAR CASTS, AND AZOTEMIA. DIMINISHING URINE OUTPUT AND A RISING BUN ARE INDICATIONS FOR DISCONTINUING THERAPY WITH THIS DRUG.

NEUROTOXIC REACTIONS MAY BE MANIFESTED BY IRRITABILITY, WEAKNESS, DROWSINESS, ATAXIA, PERIORAL PARESTHESIA, NUMBNESS OF THE EXTREMITIES, AND BLURRING OF VISION. THESE ARE USUALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH SERUM LEVELS FOUND IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION AND/OR NEPHROTOXICITY.

THE CONCURRENT OR SEQUENTIAL USE OF OTHER NEUROTOXIC AND/OR NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS WITH Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) SULFATE, PARTICULARLY BACITRACIN, STREPTOMYCIN, NEOMYCIN, KANAMYCIN, GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN, CEPHALORIDINE, PAROMOMYCIN, VIOMYCIN, AND COLISTIN SHOULD BE AVOIDED.

THE NEUROTOXICITY OF Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) SULFATE CAN RESULT IN RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS FROM NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE, ESPECIALLY WHEN THE DRUG IS GIVEN SOON AFTER ANESTHESIA AND/OR MUSCLE RELAXANTS.

USAGE IN PREGNANCY: THE SAFETY OF THIS DRUG IN HUMAN PREGNANCY HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED.

DESCRIPTION

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) Sulfate is one of a group of basic polypeptide antibiotics derived from B polymyxa (B aerosporous). Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate is the sulfate salt of Polymyxins B1 and B2, which are produced by the growth of Bacillus polymyxa (Prazmowski) Migula (Fam. Bacillacea). It has a potency of not less than 6000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units per mg, calculated on the anhydrous basis. The structural formulae are:

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) 1 (R=CH 3)            Polymyxin B 2 (R=H)

Each vial contains 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units for parenteral or ophthalmic administration.

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for Injection is in powder form suitable for preparation of sterile solutions for intramuscular, intravenous drip, intrathecal, or ophthalmic use.

In the medical literature, dosages have frequently been given in terms of equivalent weights of pure Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) base. Each milligram of pure Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) base is equivalent to 10,000 units of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) and each microgram of pure Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) base is equivalent to 10 units of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate).

Aqueous solutions of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate may be stored up to 12 months without significant loss of potency if kept under refrigeration. In the interest of safety, solutions for parenteral use should be stored under refrigeration and any unused portion should be discarded after 72 hours. Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate should not be stored in alkaline solutions since they are less stable.

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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate has a bactericidal action against almost all gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus group. Polymyxins increase the permeability of bacterial cell wall membranes. All gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and the gram-negative cocci, N gonorrhoeae and N meningitidis, are resistant.

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) has bactericidal action against almost all Gram-negative bacilli except the Proteus group. Polymyxins increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane leading to death of the cell. All Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and Gram-negative cocci, are resistant to Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate). Appropriate methods should be used when performing in vitro susceptibility testing of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) (1,2,3). The following in vitro susceptibility test criteria should only be used for interpreting the results of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) susceptibility testing against P. aeruginosa when the indicated quality control parameters are met during testing.

In vitro susceptibility test interpretive criteria for

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

(MIC) (mcg/mL)

Disk Diffusion Interpretive

Criteria (mm) (300 unit disk)

Pathogen Susceptible Intermediate Resistant Susceptible Intermediate Resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ≤2 4 ≥8 ≥12 - ≤11
In vitro susceptibility test quality control ranges for Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate against

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Quality Control Organism

(ATCC* Number)

Minimum Inhibatory Concentration (MIC) Range (mcg/mL)

Disk Diffusion

Quality Control Range (300 unit disk) (mm)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(27853)

1 - 4 14 - 18

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate is not absorbed from the normal alimentary tract. Since the drug loses 50 percent of its activity in the presence of serum, active blood levels are low. Repeated injections may give a cumulative effect. Levels tend to be higher in infants and children. The drug is excreted slowly by the kidneys. Tissue diffusion is poor and the drug does not pass the blood brain barrier into the cerebrospinal fluid. In therapeutic dosage, Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate causes some nephrotoxicity with tubule damage to a slight degree.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Acute Infections Caused by Susceptible Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) sulfate is a drug of choice in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and bloodstream caused by susceptible strains of Ps. aeruginosa. It may also be used topically and subconjunctivally in the treatment of infections of the eye caused by susceptible strains of Ps. aeruginosa.

It may be indicated in serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the following organisms, when less potentially toxic drugs are ineffective or contraindicated:

H influenzae, specifically meningeal infections.

Escherichia coli, specifically urinary tract infections.

Aerobacter aerogenes, specifically bacteremia.

Klebsiella pneumoniae, specifically bacteremia.

NOTE: IN MENINGEAL INFECTIONS, Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) SULFATE SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED ONLY BY THE INTRATHECAL ROUTE.

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for Injection USP and other antibacterial drugs, Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for Injection should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This drug is contraindicated in persons with a prior history of hypersensitivity reactions to polymyxins.

WARNINGS

Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for Injection, and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.

C. difficile produces toxins A and B which contribute to the development of CDAD. Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea following antibiotic use. Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents.

If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.

PRECAUTIONS

General.

Prescribing Otomixyn for Injection in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a prophylactic indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increase the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

See WARNING box.

Baseline renal function should be done prior to therapy, with frequent monitoring of renal function and blood levels of the drug during parenteral therapy.

Avoid concurrent use of a curariform muscle relaxant and other neurotoxic drugs (ether, tubocurarine, succinylcholine, gallamine, decamethonium and sodium citrate) which may precipitate respiratory depression. If signs of respiratory paralysis appear, respiration should be assisted as required, and the drug discontinued.

As with other antibiotics, use of this drug may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi.

If superinfection occurs, appropriate therapy should be instituted.

Information for Patients

Information for Patients.

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for injection should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for injection is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) for injection or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Diarrhea is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

See “WARNING” box.

Nephrotoxic reactions: Albuminuria, cylinduria, azotemia, and rising blood levels without any increase in dosage.

Neurotoxic reactions: Facial flushing, dizziness progressing to ataxia, drowsiness, peripheral paresthesias (circumoral and stocking glove), apnea due to concurrent use of curariform muscle relaxants, other neurotoxic drugs or inadvertent overdosage, and signs of meningeal irritation with intrathecal administration, e.g., fever, headache, stiff neck and increased cell count and protein cerebrospinal fluid.

Other reactions occasionally reported: Drug fever, urticarial rash, pain (severe) at intramuscular injection sites, and thrombophlebitis at intravenous injection sites.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE EVENTS, contact FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

PARENTERAL:

Intravenous. Dissolve 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units in 300 to 500 mL solutions for parenteral dextrose injection 5 percent for continuous drip.

Adults and children. 15,000 to 25,000 units/kg body weight/day in individuals with normal kidney function. This amount should be reduced from 15,000 units/kg downward for individuals with kidney impairment. Infusions may be given every 12 hours; however, the total daily dose must not exceed 25,000 units/kg/day.

Infants. Infants with normal kidney function may receive up to 40,000 units/kg/day without adverse effects.

Intramuscular. Not recommended routinely because of severe pain at injection sites, particularly in infants and children. Dissolve 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units in 2 mL sterile water for injection or sodium chloride injection or procaine hydrochloride injection 1 percent.

Adults and children. 25,000 to 30,000 units/kg/day. This should be reduced in the presence of renal impairment. The dosage may be divided and given at either 4 or 6 hour intervals.

Infants. Infants with normal kidney function may receive up to 40,000 units/kg/day without adverse effects.

Note: Doses as high as 45,000 units/kg/day have been used in limited clinical studies in treating prematures and newborn infants for sepsis caused by Ps aeruginosa.

Intrathecal. A treatment of choice for Ps aeruginosa meningitis. Dissolve 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units in 10 mL sodium chloride injection USP for 50,000 units per mL dosage unit.

Adults and children over 2 years of age. Dosage is 50,000 units once daily intrathecally for 3 to 4 days, then 50,000 units once every other day for at least 2 weeks after cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid are negative and sugar content has returned to normal.

Children under 2 years of age. 20,000 units once daily, intrathecally for 3 to 4 days or 25,000 units once every other day. Continue with a dose of 25,000 units once every other day for at least 2 weeks after cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid are negative and sugar content has returned to normal.

IN THE INTEREST OF SAFETY, SOLUTIONS OF PARENTERAL USE SHOULD BE STORED UNDER REFRIGERATION, AND ANY UNUSED PORTIONS SHOULD BE DISCARDED AFTER 72 HOURS.

TOPICAL:

Ophthalmic. Dissolve 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units in 20 to 50 mL sterile water for injection or sodium chloride injection USP for a 10,000 to 25,000 units per mL concentration.

For the treatment of Ps aeruginosa infections of the eye, a concentration of 0.1 percent to 0.25 percent (10,000 units to 25,000 units per mL) is administered 1 to 3 drops every hour, increasing the intervals as response indicates.

Subconjunctival injection of up to 100,000 units/day may be used for the treatment of Ps aeruginosa infections of the cornea and conjunctiva.

Note: Avoid total systemic and ophthalmic instillation over 25,000 units/kg/day.

HOW SUPPLIED

Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) FOR INJECTION USP, 500,000 Otomixyn (Polymyxin B Sulfate) units per vial is available in single vial cartons NDC# 39822-0166-5.

Storage recommendations:

Before reconstitution: Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

Protect from light. Retain in carton until time of use.

After reconstitution: Product must be stored under refrigeration, between 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F) and any unused portion should be discarded after 72 hours.

Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free.

The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.

Manufactured for:

X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Big Flats, NY 14845

POLY-PI-06

Revised December 2012

REFERENCES

  • Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard-8th edition. CLSI document M07-A8. CLSI, 940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, PA, 2009.
  • CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard-10th edition. CLSI document M02-A10, 2009.
  • Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 21st Informational Supplement. CLSI document M100-S21. CLSI, 940 West Valley Rd., Suite 1400, Wayne, PA 19087, 2011.

Otomixyn pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Otomixyn available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Otomixyn destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Otomixyn Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Otomixyn pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."PHARMAPURERX LIDOCAINE HCL 4.12% (LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE) CREAM [PURETEK CORPORATION]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."NEOMYCIN SULFATE TABLET [LANNETT COMPANY, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."RETISERT (FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE) IMPLANT [BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Otomixyn?

Depending on the reaction of the Otomixyn after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Otomixyn not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Otomixyn addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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sdrugs.com conducted a study on Otomixyn, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Otomixyn consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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