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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Oflacin-DX
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Oflacin-DX uses
Oflacin-DX consists of Dexamethasone, Ofloxacin.Dexamethasone:
Pharmacological action
Oflacin-DX is a glucocorticosteroid. This medication Inhibits the function of leukocytes and tissue macrophages. Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) restricts the migration of leukocytes in the area of inflammation. This drug violates the ability of macrophages to phagocytosis and the formation of interleukin-1. Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) decreases capillary permeability caused by histamine release. This medicine inhibits the activity of fibroblasts and collagen formation.
Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2, which leads to suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
With direct application to the vessels this drug has a vasoconstrictor effect.
Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) has a pronounced dose-dependent effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
In high doses Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) may increase the excitability of brain tissue and contributes to lowering the threshold of convulsive readiness.
With systemic use of therapeutic activity of Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative action.
For external and local use of therapeutic activity of Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiexudative (due to vasoconstrictor effect) effect.
Pharmacokinetics
The plasma protein binding is 60-70%. This medication penetrates histohematic barriers. In a small amount it is excreted in breast milk. Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) metabolized in a liver. T1/2 is 2-3 hours. This drug is excreted by kidneys.
When Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) applied topically in ophthalmology it absorbed through the cornea with intact epithelium in moisture anterior chamber. When inflammation of the tissues of the eye or mucosal damage and corneal absorption rate of Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) significantly increased.
Why is Oflacin-DX prescribed?
For oral administration: Biermer's disease; acute and subacute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, progressive ophthalmopathy associated with thyrotoxicosis; bronchial asthma; rheumatoid arthritis in the acute phase; ulcerative colitis; connective tissue disease; autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, aplasia and hypoplasia of hematopoiesis, agranulocytosis, serum sickness; acute erythroderma, pemphigus (normal), acute eczema (early treatment); malignant tumor (as a palliative therapy); congenital adrenogenital syndrome; cerebral edema (usually after a preliminary parenteral corticosteroids).
For parenteral administration: shock of various origins; swelling of the brain (with brain tumors, head injury, neurosurgical intervention, brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis, radiation damage); asthmatic status; severe allergic reactions (angioedema, bronchospasm, dermatosis, acute anaphylactic reaction to medication, transfusion serum, pyrogenic reactions); acute hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, agranulocytosis; serious infectious diseases (in combination with antibiotics); acute adrenal insufficiency, acute croup; arthropathy (scapulohumeral periarthritis, epicondylitis, styloiditis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, compression neuropathy, osteochondrosis, arthritis of various etiologies, osteoarthritis).
For use in ophthalmic practice: not purulent and allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis without damaging the epithelium, iritis, iridocyclitis, blefaroconjuntivitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, scleritis, inflammation of injuries and eye surgeries, sympathetic ophthalmia.
Dosage and administration
The dosing regimen is individual. Orally for severe disease at the beginning of treatment it is prescribed to 10-15 mg / day, maintenance dose may be 2-4.5 mg / day or more. The daily dose divided into 2-3 doses. In small doses Oflacin-DX is taken 1 time in the morning.
For parenteral administration this medication is administered IV slowly bolus or infusion (acute and urgent conditions); IM; it is possible also periarticular and intraarticular injection. During the day it can be administered from 4 to 20 mg of Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) 3-4 times / day. The duration of parenteral administration is usually 3-4 days, then move on to maintenance therapy of oral form. In the acute period in various diseases and early treatment Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) used in higher doses. Upon reaching the effect the dose is decreased within a few days before reaching the maintenance dose or until discontinuation of treatment.
When used in ophthalmology for acute conditions this drug instilled into conjunctival sac 1-2 drops every 1-2 hours, then with a decrease in inflammation after every 4-6 hours. The duration of treatment is from 1-2 days to several weeks depending on the clinical course of disease.
Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) side effects, adverse reactions
Endocrine system: impaired glucose tolerance, steroid diabetes mellitus or manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, suppression of adrenal function, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome (including moon face, obesity, pituitary type, hirsutism, increased blood pressure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, myasthenia gravis, striae), delayed sexual development in children.
Metabolism: increased excretion of calcium, hypocalcemia, weight gain, negative nitrogen balance (increased protein breakdown), increased sweating, hypernatremia, hypokalemia.
CNS: delirium, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manic-depressive psychosis, depression, paranoia, increased intracranial pressure, nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, pseudotumor cerebellum, headache, convulsions.
Cardio-vascular system: arrhythmia, bradycardia (up to cardiac arrest); development (in predisposed patients) or increased severity of chronic heart failure, ECG changes typical of hypokalemia, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, thrombosis. In patients with acute and subacute myocardial infarction - spread necrosis, slowing the formation of scar tissue that can lead to rupture of the heart muscle; with intracranial introduction - nosebleeds.
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, steroid gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, increase or decrease in appetite, flatulence, hiccups; rarely - increased activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase.
Sensory organs: posterior subcapsular cataracts, increased intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, propensity to develop secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections of the eye, trophic changes of the cornea, exophthalmos.
Musculoskeletal system: growth retardation and ossification processes in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones), osteoporosis (very rare - a pathological bone fractures, aseptic necrosis of head of humerus and femur), rupture of tendons of muscles, steroid myopathy, reduced muscle mass (atrophy).
Dermatological reactions: delayed wound healing, petechiae, ecchymosis, skin thinning, hyper or hypopigmentation, steroid acne, stretch marks, susceptibility to the development of pyoderma and candidiasis.
Allergic reactions: generalized (including skin rash, itching, anaphylactic shock) and when applied topically.
Effects associated with immunosuppressive action: development or worsening of infection (the appearance of this side effect contribute jointly used immunosuppressive drugs, and vaccinations).
Local reactions: when Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) administered parenteral - tissue necrosis.
For external use: rarely - itching, redness, burning, dryness, folliculitis, acne, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, miliaria. With prolonged use or application to large areas of skin may develop systemic side effects characteristic of SCS.
Oflacin-DX contraindications
For short-term use for health reasons - increased sensitivity to Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone).
For intra-articular injection and injection directly into the lesion: previous arthroplasty, abnormal bleeding (endogenous or caused by the use of anticoagulants), intra-articular fracture, infection (sepsis) inflammation in the joints and periarticular infections (including in history), as well as general infectious disease, pronounced juxta-articular osteoporosis, no signs of inflammation in the joints ("dry" joint, such as osteoarthritis without synovitis), severe bone destruction and deformity of the joint (a sharp narrowing of joint space, ankylosis), instability of the joint as a result of arthritis, aseptic necrosis of the epiphyses of bones forming the joint.
For external use: bacterial, viral, fungal skin diseases, tuberculosis, skin, cutaneous manifestations of syphilis, skin tumors, post-vaccination period, violation of the integrity of the skin (ulcers, wounds), children's age (up to 2 years, with itching in the anal area - up to 12 years), rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis.
For use in ophthalmology: bacterial, viral, fungal eye diseases, tuberculosis eye damage, tampering with the ocular epithelium, acute form of purulent eye infection in the absence of specific therapy, diseases of the cornea, combined with defects in the epithelium, trachoma, glaucoma.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
During pregnancy and lactating Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) is used taking into account the expected therapeutic effect and adverse effect on the fetus. Long-term therapy during pregnancy does not exclude the possibility of violations of fetal growth. In the case of the end of pregnancy there is a danger of atrophy of the adrenal cortex of the fetus, which may require replacement therapy in the newborn.
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Oflacin-DX (Dexamethasone) in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: increased side effects.
Treatment: the development of adverse reactions - symptomatic therapy, the Itsenko-Cushing syndrome - the prescription of aminoglutethimide.
Ofloxacin:
Pharmacological action
Oflacin-DX is an antimicrobial agents of broad-spectrum action type from fluoroquinolone group. Bactericidal action of Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) is due to blockage of the enzyme DNA gyrase in bacterial cells. This medication is highly active against most of gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Morganella morganii, Klebsiella spp. (including Klebsiella pneumoniae), Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Providencia spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Mycoplasma spp., Legionella pneumophila, Acinetobacter spp., and Chlamydia spp.
Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) is active against some gram-positive bacteria (including Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., especially beta-hemolytic streptococci).
Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp. are moderately susceptible to Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin).
Anaerobic bacteria (except Bacteroides ureolyticus) are insensitive to Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin).
This drug is resistant to beta-lactamases.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Ingestion has a little effect on the extent of absorption but may slow its speed. Cmax plasma levels reached in 2 hours.
The protein binding is 25%. Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids (organs of urinary system, reproductive organs, prostate, lung, ENT organs, gall bladder, bone, skin).This medicine is excreted in the urine in unchanged form (about 80% in 24 h). A small portion of the active substance (4%) is excreted in the feces. T1/2 is 6 h.
Why is Oflacin-DX prescribed?
Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin), including: diseases of the lower respiratory tract, ear, nose, throat, skin, soft tissues, bones, joints, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the abdominal organs (except bacterial enteritis) and pelvic infection, kidney and urinary tract, prostatitis, gonorrhea.
Dosage and administration
Dosing regimen of Oflacin-DX is individual. Daily dose of 200-800 mg, the multiplicity of application 2 times / day. For patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance 20-50 ml / min), the first dose is 200 mg, then 100 mg every 24 hours. When CC is less than 20 ml / min, the first dose is 200 mg, then 100 mg every 48 hours.
Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) side effects, adverse reactions
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and cramps, appetite loss, dry mouth, flatulence, gastrointestinal dysfunction, constipation; rarely - liver damage, liver necrosis, jaundice, hepatitis, intestinal perforation, pseudomembranous colitis, bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of the oral mucosa, heartburn, elevated liver enzymes, including GGT and LDH, increased serum bilirubin.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, nervousness; rarely - convulsions, anxiety, cognitive changes, depression, abnormal dreams, euphoria, hallucinations, paresthesia, syncope, tremor, confusion, nystagmus, suicidal thoughts or attempts, disorientation, psychotic reactions, paranoia, phobia, agitation, aggressiveness, emotional instability, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, incoordination, exacerbation of extrapyramidal disorders, speech disorder.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, rarely - angioedema, urticaria, vasculitis, allergic pneumonitis, anaphylactic shock, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema nodosum, exfoliative dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, conjunctivitis.
Sexual system: an itch on the external genitalia in women, vaginitis, vaginal discharge; rare - burning, irritation, pain and rash in the genital area of women, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, vaginal candidiasis.
Cardiovascular system: rarely - heart failure, edema, hypertension, hypotension, palpitation, vasodilatation, cerebral thrombosis, pulmonary edema, and tachycardia.
Urinary system: rarely - dysuria, urinary frequency, urinary retention, anuria, polyuria formation of kidney stones, kidney failure, nephritis, hematuria, albuminuria, candiduria.
Musculoskeletal system: rarely - arthralgia, myalgia, tendonitis, muscle weakness, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis.
Metabolism: rarely - thirst, weight loss, hyper- or hypoglycemia (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents), acidosis, increase in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, potassium.
Respiratory system: rarely - cough, runny nose, respiratory failure, dyspnea, bronchospasm, stridor.
Sensory organs: rarely - hearing loss, tinnit, diplopia, nystagmus, impaired clarity of vision, disturbances of taste, smell, photophobia.
Dermatological reactions: rarely - photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, vesicle-bullous eruption.
Hematopoietic system: rarely - anemia, hemorrhage, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, leukopenia, reversible suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis, thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, petechiae, ecchymosis, increased prothrombin time.
Other: chest pain, sore throat, fever, body aches, rarely - fatigue, chills, malaise, epistaxis, increased sweating.
Oflacin-DX contraindications
Pregnancy, lactation, childhood and adolescence to 18 years, increased sensitivity to Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) or other quinolone derivatives.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Oflacin-DX is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Special instructions
Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function and liver.
During the period of treatment required to conduct monitoring of blood glucose. Long-term therapy is necessary to periodically monitor the kidney function, liver and peripheral blood picture.
When using Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) it should be ensure adequate hydration of the body, the patient should be subjected to ultraviolet irradiation.
In experimental studies the mutagenic potential was not been identified. Long-term studies to determine the carcinogenicity of Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) were not conducted.
Safety and efficacy in children and adolescents under the age of 18 is not defined.
Use with caution in patients whose activities are connected with the necessity of high concentration of attention and quickness of psychomotor reactions.
Oflacin-DX drug interactions
Simultaneous administration of Oflacin-DX (Ofloxacin) with:
Oflacin-DX in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, disorientation, lethargy, confusion.
Treatment: gastric lavage, maintenance of vital functions.
Oflacin-DX pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Oflacin-DX available forms, composition, doses:
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.