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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Normosang is a Normosang for injection indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women, after initial carbohydrate therapy is known or suspected to be inadequate.
Limitations of Use
Normosang is a Normosang for injection indicated for amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women, after initial carbohydrate therapy is known or suspected to be inadequate. (1)
Limitations of Use
For intravenous infusion only.
For intravenous infusion only.
Dosage Calculation Table |
1 mg hematin equivalent = 0.14 mL Normosang |
2 mg hematin equivalent = 0.28 mL Normosang |
3 mg hematin equivalent = 0.42 mL Normosang |
4 mg hematin equivalent = 0.56 mL Normosang |
ALA - δ-aminolevulinic acid
PBG - porphobilinogen
Uroporphyrin
Coproporphyrin
Normosang is available as a sterile, lyophilized black powder in single dose dispensing vials. Each vial contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol. When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL).
Normosang is available as a sterile, lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection. Each vial contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol.
When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL). (3)
Normosang is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to this drug.
Do not use in patients with known hypersensitivity to Normosang. (4)
A large arm vein or a central venous catheter should be utilized for the administration of Normosang to minimize the risk of phlebitis.
Since reconstituted Normosang is not transparent, any undissolved particulate matter is difficult to see when inspected visually. Therefore, terminal filtration through a sterile 0.45 micron or smaller filter is recommended.
Because increased levels of iron and serum ferritin have been reported in post-marketing experience, physicians must monitor iron and serum ferritin in patients receiving multiple administrations of Normosang . In case of elevated iron or serum ferritin levels, consider iron chelation therapy.
Because Normosang has exhibited transient, mild anticoagulant effects during clinical studies, avoid concurrent anticoagulant therapy. The extent and duration of the hypocoagulable state induced by Normosang has not been established.
Recommended dosage guidelines should be strictly followed. Reversible renal shutdown has been observed in a case where an excessive hematin dose was administered in a single infusion. Oliguria and increased nitrogen retention occurred although the patient remained asymptomatic. No worsening of renal function has been seen with administration of recommended dosages of hematin.
Because Normosang is made from human blood, it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) agent, and theoretically the Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) agent. The risk that this product may transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening blood donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and by inactivating certain viruses. Despite these measures, this product can still potentially transmit disease. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may be present in the product.
All infections thought by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Recordati Rare Diseases at 1-888-575-8344.
The most common adverse reactions are: headache, pyrexia, infusion site reactions, and phlebitis.
Most common adverse reactions in >1% of patients are headache, pyrexia, infusion site reactions, and phlebitis. (6.1)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. at 1-888-575-8344 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety of Normosang use was evaluated in a compassionate use study. A total of 130 patients were treated with Normosang for acute attacks, prophylaxis or both. Of those, 111 patients were administered Normosang for treatment of 305 acute porphyria attacks and to 40 patients for prophylaxis. The majority (92%) of patients were Caucasian. Most (72%) were female; all adult patients had a mean age ± SD of 40.3 ± 12.3 years. Proportionally more females (15 out of 19) received prophylaxis or a combination of acute treatment and prophylaxis (19 out of 21). For the treatment of acute attacks, patients received 2 to 4 mg/kg/day Normosang intravenously for 1 to 9 doses. For prophylaxis patients, the most common doses were weekly or biweekly infusions. Table 1 summarizes adverse reactions occurring in >1% of patients treated with Normosang, categorized by body system and order of decreasing frequency.
System Organ Class Preferred Term | Adverse Events N (% of Total Adverse Events) | |
Description | Total | Possibly or Probably Related to Treatment |
Infections and infestations | ||
Cellulitis | 3 (1.5%) | 2 (1.0%) |
Nervous System Disorders | ||
Headache | 18 (9.2%) | 5 (2.6%) |
Vascular Disorders | ||
Phlebitis / Injection site phlebitis | 7 (3.6%) | 6 (3.1%) |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | ||
Rash | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (1.5%) |
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions | ||
Pyrexia | 9 (4.6%) | 6 (3.1%) |
Catheter-related Complication | 7 (3.6%) | 3 (1.5%) |
The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Normosang were identified in open-label clinical trials or postmarketing reports. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy (including prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time), and hemolysis
Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions including a report of infusion-related anaphylactoid reaction presenting as circulatory collapse
Vascular Disorders: injection site venous thrombosis including some that occurred in large veins such as venae cavae
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: infusion site reactions (such as erythema, pain, bleeding and extravasation)
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: iron overload and serum ferritin increased
Normosang therapy is intended to limit the rate of porphyria/heme biosynthesis possibly by inhibiting the enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 (ALAS1) . Most of the heme synthesized in liver is used for the production of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Therefore, avoid CYP inducing drugs (such as estrogens, barbituric acid derivatives and steroid metabolites) while on Normosang therapy, because these drugs increase the activity of ALAS leading to induction of ALAS1 through a feedback mechanism.
Avoid CYP inducing drugs such as estrogens, barbituric acid derivatives and steroid metabolites which induce δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 (ALAS1) through a feedback mechanism. (7)
Risk Summary
About 50% of the women with acute intermittent porphyria experience an acute attack of porphyria in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. It is most severe in early pregnancy and the puerperium, and can result in fatal outcome. Although anecdotal evidence suggests safe use of hematin during pregnancy, the available human data is not sufficient to establish the presence or absence of drug-associated risk. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with hematin. It is also not known whether hematin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Normosang should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Avoid administering hematin in severe pre-eclampsia because of a theoretical risk of potentiation of the coagulation disorder .
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Risk Summary
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Normosang and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Normosang or from the underlying maternal condition.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under 16 years of age have not been established.
Clinical data for subjects aged 65 and over was not sufficient to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Reversible renal shutdown has been observed in a case where an excessive hematin dose (12.2 mg/kg) was administered in a single infusion . Treatment of this case consisted of ethacrynic acid and mannitol.
Normosang (hemin for injection) is an enzyme inhibitor derived from processed red blood cells. Normosang for injection was known previously as hematin. The term hematin has been used to describe the chemical reaction product of Normosang and sodium carbonate solution. Normosang and hematin are iron containing metalloporphyrin complexes with either bound chloride or hydroxide ions, respectively. Chemically Normosang is represented as chloro [7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl- 21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(2-)-N21,N22,N23,N24] iron. The structural formula for Normosang is:
Normosang is formatted as a sterile, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration after reconstitution. Each dispensing vial of Normosang contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol. The pH may have been adjusted with hydrochloric acid. When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL). The product contains no preservatives.
Structural Formula of Normosang
Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.
Normosang therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. After discontinuation of Normosang treatment, symptoms generally return although in some cases remission is prolonged. Some neurological symptoms have improved weeks to months after therapy although little or no response was noted at the time of treatment.
Following intravenous administration of hematin in non-jaundiced human patients, an increase in fecal urobilinogen can be observed which is roughly proportional to the amount of hematin administered. This suggests an enterohepatic pathway as at least one route of elimination. Bilirubin metabolites are also excreted in the urine following hematin injections.
Other aspects of human pharmacokinetics have not been defined.
Normosang was not mutagenic in bacteria systems in vitro and was not clastogenic in mammalian systems in vitro and in vivo. No data are available on potential for carcinogenicity or impairment of fertility in animals.
The effectiveness of Normosang for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria was evaluated in five open-label studies, one compassionate-use study, case reports, and an observational study investigating patient reported outcomes in patients with acute porphyrias.
Open-Label Studies
In the initial 5 open-label studies,1-5 99 patients with acute porphyrias (72 with AIP) were treated with 3-4 mg/kg/day of Normosang once or twice daily. Of the 99 patients in these studies, 30 received prior or concomitant glucose administration. Patients experienced a clinical response in 85.5% (141/165) of treatment courses (Figure 1). Clinical response was defined by improvement of symptoms and reduction in pain. All patients experienced a chemical response which was defined as normalization of urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG).
Watson et al.1 studied the use of Normosang treatment in 15 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 11 were with AIP. Seven patients were female and four were male with an age range of 19-45 years with biochemical evidence of AIP. Preparations of 4 mg/kg IV of Normosang were infused at 12- or 24-hour intervals for 1 to 4 days after trials of glucose of various durations and dosages in all patients. All patients, with exception of one, experienced a clear clinical response most of which was rapid after Normosang infusion. All patients also demonstrated a chemical response based on 58%-100% reduction in urinary ALA and PBG levels.
Pierach et al.2 examined the use of 2 to 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV in 57 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 43 were with AIP. Out of 82 individual acute intermittent porphyria attacks with 476 Normosang infusions (82 treatment courses) administered, a clinical response was seen in 74 (90%) acute attacks. A chemical response was seen for those patients who had elevated urinary ALA and PBG levels prior to Normosang treatment.
McColl et al.3 reported the use of 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV given either every 12 or 24 hours for three to five days in the treatment of 13 attacks of acute porphyria in eight patients. Seven of these 8 patients had AIP. Five patients with AIP were female and two were male with a mean age of 25 years (range 19-31 years). All patients had biochemical and clinical evidence of an attack of acute porphyria at the time of Normosang administration. All patients had a chemical response of approximately 50% reduction in urinary ALA and PBG from pre-treatment values. In addition, clinical response was seen after Normosang treatment in a total of 7 attacks in 5 AIP patients.
Lamon et al.4 reported on 12 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 11 were with AIP. These AIP patients received 190 infusions of approximately 2 to 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV given every 12 or 24 hours for 3 to 13 days as 20 separate courses of treatment, when high carbohydrate intake (300 g for a minimum of 72 hours) and supportive measures were unsuccessful. Urinary ALA and PBG levels were collected as well as clinical signs and symptoms of AIP recorded. Out of 20 treatment courses for acute attacks, there was a clinical response in 14. All patients had significant reductions in ALA and/or PBG levels after Normosang treatment (p-value in the range from less than 0.001 to 0.05).
In another study by Lamon et al.5 seven patients with acute attacks of porphyria were administered 11 Normosang courses (each course: 1 mg/kg every 24 hours for 3 to 13 days). Before and during Normosang administration, patients were maintained on a 250-300 g/24H carbohydrate diet. Patients had elevated urinary ALA and PBG treatment and clinical evidence of an acute attack. Chemical response of a decrease in ALA and PBG occurred in every patient (except one PBG value in one patient) when treatment lasted 5 days or longer (p<0.001).
Figure 1: Efficacy Data on Normosang in Acute Intermittent Porphyria from 5 Open-Label Studies
Compassionate Use Study
In the compassionate use, multi-center, open-label, non-comparative study6, 130 patients were enrolled with a diagnosis of acute porphyria and were treated with Normosang. The patients were administered Normosang for acute attacks [N=90 (69%)], prophylaxis [N=19 (15%)], or both [N=21 (16%)]. There was a subset of patients in the “both” group (acute attacks and prophylaxis) who were treated for acute attacks prior to receiving prophylactic treatment. Seventy-two percent of the patients were female and 28% were male. Normosang was administered to 111 patients (enrolled in the “acute attack” and the “both” treatment groups) for the treatment of 305 acute attacks and to 40 patients (enrolled in the “prophylaxis” and the “both” treatment groups) for prophylactic treatment. Out of the 40 patients who received prophylaxis, 19 received prophylaxis only and 21 patients were treated for up to 3 acute attacks prior to receiving prophylactic treatment. Prophylaxis treatment varied greatly in frequency with the most common Normosang regimen given once a week. Clinical response was achieved if the physician determined that the admitting symptoms were resolved, there was a clinically acceptable response, or the patient went into remission.
A physician-assessed clinical response was achieved for all acute attacks in 81 (73%) of 111 patients. Ninety-four patients (85%) of 111 had ≥1 clinical response and 17 patients (15%) of 111 had no response. Among 31 of 40 patients who received Normosang prophylaxis for >1 month, 21 (68%) did not require subsequent Normosang treatment for acute attacks.
Case Reports
In 234 courses, patients received Normosang therapy as normally prescribed by their physicians with the majority dosed between the recommended range of 3 mg/kg/day to 4 mg/kg/day for at least one course of treatment. In these patients, Normosang treatment was administered immediately in 33% of recipients, within 1 day of symptom onset in 50%, and within 3 days in 75%. These groups were not mutually exclusive. Most patients [108/111 (97.3%)] received a dose of at least 3 mg/kg/day and only 3 patients (2.7%) received a dose of Normosang less than 2 mg/kg/day. There were 6patients (5.4%) who were administered doses exceeding 6 mg/kg/day for 1 or more treatment courses.
Observational Patient Reported Outcomes Study
An observational study investigated patient reported outcomes in 108 patients with acute porphyrias.7 Out of 108 patients, 90 patients were with AIP and reported the following:
Normosang therapy effectiveness was assessed along with glucose infusions, high carbohydrate diets, and pain medications on a scale from zero being least effective to 10 highly effective. Normosang infusions received a 7.9, glucose infusions a 4.4 (p=0.0781), high carbohydrate diets a 4.7 (p=0.0021), and pain medications a 4.2 (p=0.0049).
Clinical Response after Normosang Therapy
Normosang is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized black powder in single dose dispensing vials (NDC 55292-702-54) in a carton (NDC 55292-702-55).
The vial stopper contains natural rubber latex.
Store lyophilized powder at 20-25°C (68-77°F).
Manufactured by:
Xellia Pharmaceuticals USA, LLC
Raleigh, NC 27616
For:
Recordati Rare Diseases Inc.
Lebanon, NJ 08833, U.S.A.
U.S. Lic. No. 1899
RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP
Normosang® is a registered trademark of Recordati Rare Diseases Inc.
750-09241
NDC 55292-702-54
Single Dose Vial
Normosang For Injection
Normosang®
350 mg Normosang per Vial
For Intravenous Infusion Only
Sterile Powder for Injection
RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP
Rx only
NDC 55292-702-55
Contains One Vial
Normosang For Injection
Normosang®
350 mg Normosang per Vial
For Intravenous Infusion Only
Sterile Powder for Injection
RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP
Rx only.
Depending on the reaction of the Normosang after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Normosang not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Normosang addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Visitors | % | ||
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Not expensive | 1 | 100.0% |
Visitors | % | ||
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201-500mg | 2 | 66.7% | |
11-50mg | 1 | 33.3% |
Visitors | % | ||
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46-60 | 1 | 33.3% | |
16-29 | 1 | 33.3% | |
30-45 | 1 | 33.3% |
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology