Normosang

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Normosang uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Normosang is a Normosang for injection indicated for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women, after initial carbohydrate therapy is known or suspected to be inadequate.

Limitations of Use


Normosang is a Normosang for injection indicated for amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria temporally related to the menstrual cycle in susceptible women, after initial carbohydrate therapy is known or suspected to be inadequate. (1)

Limitations of Use

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

For intravenous infusion only.

For intravenous infusion only.

2.1 Dosing


Dosage Calculation Table


1 mg hematin equivalent = 0.14 mL Normosang


2 mg hematin equivalent = 0.28 mL Normosang


3 mg hematin equivalent = 0.42 mL Normosang


4 mg hematin equivalent = 0.56 mL Normosang

2.2 Preparation and Administration

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Normosang is available as a sterile, lyophilized black powder in single dose dispensing vials. Each vial contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol. When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL).

Normosang is available as a sterile, lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection. Each vial contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol.

When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL). (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Normosang is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to this drug.

Do not use in patients with known hypersensitivity to Normosang. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Risk of Phlebitis

A large arm vein or a central venous catheter should be utilized for the administration of Normosang to minimize the risk of phlebitis.

Since reconstituted Normosang is not transparent, any undissolved particulate matter is difficult to see when inspected visually. Therefore, terminal filtration through a sterile 0.45 micron or smaller filter is recommended.

5.2 Iron and Serum Ferritin

Because increased levels of iron and serum ferritin have been reported in post-marketing experience, physicians must monitor iron and serum ferritin in patients receiving multiple administrations of Normosang . In case of elevated iron or serum ferritin levels, consider iron chelation therapy.

5.3 Anticoagulant Effects

Because Normosang has exhibited transient, mild anticoagulant effects during clinical studies, avoid concurrent anticoagulant therapy. The extent and duration of the hypocoagulable state induced by Normosang has not been established.

5.4 Renal Effects

Recommended dosage guidelines should be strictly followed. Reversible renal shutdown has been observed in a case where an excessive hematin dose was administered in a single infusion. Oliguria and increased nitrogen retention occurred although the patient remained asymptomatic. No worsening of renal function has been seen with administration of recommended dosages of hematin.

5.5 Transmissible Infectious Agents

Because Normosang is made from human blood, it may carry a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) agent, and theoretically the Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) agent. The risk that this product may transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening blood donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, by testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and by inactivating certain viruses. Despite these measures, this product can still potentially transmit disease. There is also the possibility that unknown infectious agents may be present in the product.

All infections thought by a physician possibly to have been transmitted by this product should be reported by the physician or other healthcare provider to Recordati Rare Diseases at 1-888-575-8344.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most common adverse reactions are: headache, pyrexia, infusion site reactions, and phlebitis.

Most common adverse reactions in >1% of patients are headache, pyrexia, infusion site reactions, and phlebitis. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. at 1-888-575-8344 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The safety of Normosang use was evaluated in a compassionate use study. A total of 130 patients were treated with Normosang for acute attacks, prophylaxis or both. Of those, 111 patients were administered Normosang for treatment of 305 acute porphyria attacks and to 40 patients for prophylaxis. The majority (92%) of patients were Caucasian. Most (72%) were female; all adult patients had a mean age ± SD of 40.3 ± 12.3 years. Proportionally more females (15 out of 19) received prophylaxis or a combination of acute treatment and prophylaxis (19 out of 21). For the treatment of acute attacks, patients received 2 to 4 mg/kg/day Normosang intravenously for 1 to 9 doses. For prophylaxis patients, the most common doses were weekly or biweekly infusions. Table 1 summarizes adverse reactions occurring in >1% of patients treated with Normosang, categorized by body system and order of decreasing frequency.


System Organ Class

Preferred Term


Adverse Events

N (% of Total Adverse Events)


Description


Total


Possibly or Probably Related to Treatment


Infections and infestations


Cellulitis


3 (1.5%)


2 (1.0%)


Nervous System Disorders


Headache


18 (9.2%)


5 (2.6%)


Vascular Disorders


Phlebitis / Injection site phlebitis


7 (3.6%)


6 (3.1%)


Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders


Rash


3 (1.5%)


3 (1.5%)


General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions


Pyrexia


9 (4.6%)


6 (3.1%)


Catheter-related Complication


7 (3.6%)


3 (1.5%)

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions associated with the use of Normosang were identified in open-label clinical trials or postmarketing reports. Because these reactions were reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency reliably or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy (including prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time), and hemolysis

Immune System Disorders: hypersensitivity reactions including a report of infusion-related anaphylactoid reaction presenting as circulatory collapse

Vascular Disorders: injection site venous thrombosis including some that occurred in large veins such as venae cavae

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: infusion site reactions (such as erythema, pain, bleeding and extravasation)

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: iron overload and serum ferritin increased

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Normosang therapy is intended to limit the rate of porphyria/heme biosynthesis possibly by inhibiting the enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 (ALAS1) . Most of the heme synthesized in liver is used for the production of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Therefore, avoid CYP inducing drugs (such as estrogens, barbituric acid derivatives and steroid metabolites) while on Normosang therapy, because these drugs increase the activity of ALAS leading to induction of ALAS1 through a feedback mechanism.

Avoid CYP inducing drugs such as estrogens, barbituric acid derivatives and steroid metabolites which induce δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 (ALAS1) through a feedback mechanism. (7)

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

About 50% of the women with acute intermittent porphyria experience an acute attack of porphyria in pregnancy and/or the puerperium. It is most severe in early pregnancy and the puerperium, and can result in fatal outcome. Although anecdotal evidence suggests safe use of hematin during pregnancy, the available human data is not sufficient to establish the presence or absence of drug-associated risk. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with hematin. It is also not known whether hematin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Normosang should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Avoid administering hematin in severe pre-eclampsia because of a theoretical risk of potentiation of the coagulation disorder .

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, the developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for Normosang and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from Normosang or from the underlying maternal condition.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under 16 years of age have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical data for subjects aged 65 and over was not sufficient to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

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10 OVERDOSAGE

Reversible renal shutdown has been observed in a case where an excessive hematin dose (12.2 mg/kg) was administered in a single infusion . Treatment of this case consisted of ethacrynic acid and mannitol.

11 DESCRIPTION

Normosang (hemin for injection) is an enzyme inhibitor derived from processed red blood cells. Normosang for injection was known previously as hematin. The term hematin has been used to describe the chemical reaction product of Normosang and sodium carbonate solution. Normosang and hematin are iron containing metalloporphyrin complexes with either bound chloride or hydroxide ions, respectively. Chemically Normosang is represented as chloro [7,12-diethenyl-3,8,13,17-tetramethyl- 21H,23H-porphine-2,18-dipropanoato(2-)-N21,N22,N23,N24] iron. The structural formula for Normosang is:

Normosang is formatted as a sterile, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration after reconstitution. Each dispensing vial of Normosang contains the equivalent of 350 mg Normosang, 240 mg sodium carbonate and 335 mg of sorbitol. The pH may have been adjusted with hydrochloric acid. When mixed as directed with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, each 48 mL provides the equivalent of approximately 336 mg hematin (7 mg/mL). The product contains no preservatives.

Structural Formula of Normosang

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Heme acts to limit the hepatic and/or marrow synthesis of porphyrin. This action is likely due to the inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the enzyme which limits the rate of the porphyrin/heme biosynthetic pathway. The exact mechanism by which hematin produces symptomatic improvement in patients with acute episodes of the hepatic porphyrias has not been elucidated.

Normosang therapy for the acute porphyrias is not curative. After discontinuation of Normosang treatment, symptoms generally return although in some cases remission is prolonged. Some neurological symptoms have improved weeks to months after therapy although little or no response was noted at the time of treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Following intravenous administration of hematin in non-jaundiced human patients, an increase in fecal urobilinogen can be observed which is roughly proportional to the amount of hematin administered. This suggests an enterohepatic pathway as at least one route of elimination. Bilirubin metabolites are also excreted in the urine following hematin injections.

Other aspects of human pharmacokinetics have not been defined.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Normosang was not mutagenic in bacteria systems in vitro and was not clastogenic in mammalian systems in vitro and in vivo. No data are available on potential for carcinogenicity or impairment of fertility in animals.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

The effectiveness of Normosang for the amelioration of recurrent attacks of acute intermittent porphyria was evaluated in five open-label studies, one compassionate-use study, case reports, and an observational study investigating patient reported outcomes in patients with acute porphyrias.

Open-Label Studies

In the initial 5 open-label studies,1-5 99 patients with acute porphyrias (72 with AIP) were treated with 3-4 mg/kg/day of Normosang once or twice daily. Of the 99 patients in these studies, 30 received prior or concomitant glucose administration. Patients experienced a clinical response in 85.5% (141/165) of treatment courses (Figure 1). Clinical response was defined by improvement of symptoms and reduction in pain. All patients experienced a chemical response which was defined as normalization of urinary aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphobilinogen (PBG).

Watson et al.1 studied the use of Normosang treatment in 15 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 11 were with AIP. Seven patients were female and four were male with an age range of 19-45 years with biochemical evidence of AIP. Preparations of 4 mg/kg IV of Normosang were infused at 12- or 24-hour intervals for 1 to 4 days after trials of glucose of various durations and dosages in all patients. All patients, with exception of one, experienced a clear clinical response most of which was rapid after Normosang infusion. All patients also demonstrated a chemical response based on 58%-100% reduction in urinary ALA and PBG levels.

Pierach et al.2 examined the use of 2 to 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV in 57 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 43 were with AIP. Out of 82 individual acute intermittent porphyria attacks with 476 Normosang infusions (82 treatment courses) administered, a clinical response was seen in 74 (90%) acute attacks. A chemical response was seen for those patients who had elevated urinary ALA and PBG levels prior to Normosang treatment.

McColl et al.3 reported the use of 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV given either every 12 or 24 hours for three to five days in the treatment of 13 attacks of acute porphyria in eight patients. Seven of these 8 patients had AIP. Five patients with AIP were female and two were male with a mean age of 25 years (range 19-31 years). All patients had biochemical and clinical evidence of an attack of acute porphyria at the time of Normosang administration. All patients had a chemical response of approximately 50% reduction in urinary ALA and PBG from pre-treatment values. In addition, clinical response was seen after Normosang treatment in a total of 7 attacks in 5 AIP patients.

Lamon et al.4 reported on 12 patients with acute porphyrias, of whom 11 were with AIP. These AIP patients received 190 infusions of approximately 2 to 4 mg/kg of Normosang IV given every 12 or 24 hours for 3 to 13 days as 20 separate courses of treatment, when high carbohydrate intake (300 g for a minimum of 72 hours) and supportive measures were unsuccessful. Urinary ALA and PBG levels were collected as well as clinical signs and symptoms of AIP recorded. Out of 20 treatment courses for acute attacks, there was a clinical response in 14. All patients had significant reductions in ALA and/or PBG levels after Normosang treatment (p-value in the range from less than 0.001 to 0.05).

In another study by Lamon et al.5 seven patients with acute attacks of porphyria were administered 11 Normosang courses (each course: 1 mg/kg every 24 hours for 3 to 13 days). Before and during Normosang administration, patients were maintained on a 250-300 g/24H carbohydrate diet. Patients had elevated urinary ALA and PBG treatment and clinical evidence of an acute attack. Chemical response of a decrease in ALA and PBG occurred in every patient (except one PBG value in one patient) when treatment lasted 5 days or longer (p<0.001).

Figure 1: Efficacy Data on Normosang in Acute Intermittent Porphyria from 5 Open-Label Studies

Compassionate Use Study

In the compassionate use, multi-center, open-label, non-comparative study6, 130 patients were enrolled with a diagnosis of acute porphyria and were treated with Normosang. The patients were administered Normosang for acute attacks [N=90 (69%)], prophylaxis [N=19 (15%)], or both [N=21 (16%)]. There was a subset of patients in the “both” group (acute attacks and prophylaxis) who were treated for acute attacks prior to receiving prophylactic treatment. Seventy-two percent of the patients were female and 28% were male. Normosang was administered to 111 patients (enrolled in the “acute attack” and the “both” treatment groups) for the treatment of 305 acute attacks and to 40 patients (enrolled in the “prophylaxis” and the “both” treatment groups) for prophylactic treatment. Out of the 40 patients who received prophylaxis, 19 received prophylaxis only and 21 patients were treated for up to 3 acute attacks prior to receiving prophylactic treatment. Prophylaxis treatment varied greatly in frequency with the most common Normosang regimen given once a week. Clinical response was achieved if the physician determined that the admitting symptoms were resolved, there was a clinically acceptable response, or the patient went into remission.

A physician-assessed clinical response was achieved for all acute attacks in 81 (73%) of 111 patients. Ninety-four patients (85%) of 111 had ≥1 clinical response and 17 patients (15%) of 111 had no response. Among 31 of 40 patients who received Normosang prophylaxis for >1 month, 21 (68%) did not require subsequent Normosang treatment for acute attacks.

Case Reports

In 234 courses, patients received Normosang therapy as normally prescribed by their physicians with the majority dosed between the recommended range of 3 mg/kg/day to 4 mg/kg/day for at least one course of treatment. In these patients, Normosang treatment was administered immediately in 33% of recipients, within 1 day of symptom onset in 50%, and within 3 days in 75%. These groups were not mutually exclusive. Most patients [108/111 (97.3%)] received a dose of at least 3 mg/kg/day and only 3 patients (2.7%) received a dose of Normosang less than 2 mg/kg/day. There were 6patients (5.4%) who were administered doses exceeding 6 mg/kg/day for 1 or more treatment courses.

Observational Patient Reported Outcomes Study

An observational study investigated patient reported outcomes in 108 patients with acute porphyrias.7 Out of 108 patients, 90 patients were with AIP and reported the following:


Normosang therapy effectiveness was assessed along with glucose infusions, high carbohydrate diets, and pain medications on a scale from zero being least effective to 10 highly effective. Normosang infusions received a 7.9, glucose infusions a 4.4 (p=0.0781), high carbohydrate diets a 4.7 (p=0.0021), and pain medications a 4.2 (p=0.0049).

Clinical Response after Normosang Therapy

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Normosang is supplied as a sterile, lyophilized black powder in single dose dispensing vials (NDC 55292-702-54) in a carton (NDC 55292-702-55).

The vial stopper contains natural rubber latex.

Store lyophilized powder at 20-25°C (68-77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION


Manufactured by:

Xellia Pharmaceuticals USA, LLC

Raleigh, NC 27616

For:

Recordati Rare Diseases Inc.

Lebanon, NJ 08833, U.S.A.

U.S. Lic. No. 1899

RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP

Normosang® is a registered trademark of Recordati Rare Diseases Inc.

750-09241

NDC 55292-702-54

Single Dose Vial

Normosang For Injection

Normosang®

350 mg Normosang per Vial

For Intravenous Infusion Only

Sterile Powder for Injection

RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP

Rx only

NDC 55292-702-55

Contains One Vial

Normosang For Injection

Normosang®

350 mg Normosang per Vial

For Intravenous Infusion Only

Sterile Powder for Injection

RECORDATI RARE DISEASES GROUP

Rx only.

Normosang pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Normosang available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Normosang destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Normosang Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Normosang pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. "hemin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/su... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. "Hemin - DrugBank". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0340... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Normosang?

Depending on the reaction of the Normosang after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Normosang not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Normosang addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Normosang, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Normosang consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

Visitor reported useful

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

One visitor reported price estimates

What is your opinion about drug cost? Did you feel the cost is apt, or did you feel it is expensive?
The report given by the sdrugs.com website users shows the following figures about several people who felt the medicine Normosang is expensive, and the medicine is not expensive. The results are mixed. The perception of the cost of the medicine to be expensive or not depends on the brand name of the medicine, country, and place where it is sold, and the affordability of the patient. You can choose a generic drug in the place of the branded drug to save the cost. The efficiency of the medicine will not vary if it is generic or a branded one.
Visitors%
Not expensive1
100.0%

Visitor reported frequency of use

No survey data has been collected yet

Three visitors reported doses

What is the dose of Normosang drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 201-500mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
201-500mg2
66.7%
11-50mg1
33.3%

Visitor reported time for results

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported administration

No survey data has been collected yet

Three visitors reported age

Visitors%
46-601
33.3%
16-291
33.3%
30-451
33.3%

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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