Normaxin

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Normaxin uses

Normaxin consists of Chlordiazepoxide, Clidinium Bromide, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride.

Chlordiazepoxide:


WARNING: RISKS FROM CONCOMITANT USE WITH OPIOIDS

Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death.

  • Reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.
  • Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required.
  • Follow patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation.

DESCRIPTION

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) combines in a single capsule formulation the antianxiety action of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and the anticholinergic/spasmolytic effects of clidinium bromide.

Each Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) capsule contains the active ingredients 5 mg Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and 2.5 mg clidinium bromide. Each capsule also contains the inactive ingredients corn starch, lactose monohydrate, talc, methylparaben, propylparaben, potassium sorbate, D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Green No. 3, titanium dioxide, and gelatin.

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride is a versatile, therapeutic agent of proven value for the relief of anxiety and tension. It is indicated when anxiety, tension or apprehension are significant components of the clinical profile. It is among the safer of the effective psychopharmacologic compounds.

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride is 7-chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide hydrochloride. A colorless, crystalline substance, it is soluble in water. It is unstable in solution and the powder must be protected from light. The molecular weight is 336.22. The structural formula of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride is as follows:

Clidinium bromide is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have a pronounced antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Structurally clidinium bromide is:

Chemical Structure Chemical Structure

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ANIMAL PHARMACOLOGY

Normaxin hydrochloride has been studied extensively in many species of animals and these studies are suggestive of action on the limbic system of the brain, which recent evidence indicates is involved in emotional responses. Hostile monkeys were made tame by oral drug doses, which did not cause sedation. Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride revealed a "taming-action with the elimination of fear and aggression”. The taming effect of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride was further demonstrated in rats made vicious by lesions in the septal area of the brain. The drug dosage which effectively blocked the vicious reaction was well below the dose which caused sedation in these animals.

The oral LD50 of single doses of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride, calculated according to the method of Miller and Tainter, is 720 ± 51 mg/kg as determined in mice observed over a period of 5 days following dosage.

Clidinium bromide is an effective anticholinergic agent with activity approximating that of atropine sulfate against acetylcholine-induced spasms in isolated intestinal strips. On oral administration in mice, it proved an effective antisialagogue in preventing pilocarpine-induced salivation. Spontaneous intestinal motility in both rats and dogs is reduced following oral dosing with 0.1 to 0.25 mg/kg. Potent cholinergic ganglionic blocking effects (vagal) were produced with intravenous usage in anesthetized dogs.

Oral doses of 2.5 mg/kg to dogs produced signs of nasal dryness and slight pupillary dilation. In two other species, monkeys and rabbits, doses of 5 mg/kg, po, given three times daily for 5 days did not produce apparent secretory or visual changes.

The oral LD50 of single doses of clidinium bromide is 860 ± 57 mg/kg as determined in mice observed over a period of 5 days following dosage; the calculations were made according to the method of Miller and Tainter.

Effects on Reproduction

Reproduction studies in rats fed Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride, 10, 20 and 80 mg/kg daily, and bred through one or two matings showed no congenital anomalies, nor were there adverse effects on lactation of the dams or growth of the newborn. However, in another study at 100 mg/kg daily there was noted a significant decrease in the fertilization rate and a marked decrease in the viability and body weight of offspring which may be attributable to sedative activity, thus resulting in lack of interest in mating and lessened maternal nursing and care of the young. One neonate in each of the first and second matings in the rat reproduction study at the 100 mg/kg dose exhibited major skeletal defects. Further studies are in progress to determine the significance of these findings.

Two series of reproduction experiments with clidinium bromide were carried out in rats, employing dosages of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg daily in each experiment. In the first experiment, clidinium bromide was administered for a 9-week interval prior to mating; no untoward effect on fertilization or gestation was noted. The offspring were taken by caesarean section and did not show a significant incidence of congenital anomalies when compared to control animals. In the second experiment, adult animals were given clidinium bromide for 10 days prior to and through two mating cycles. No significant effects were observed on fertility, gestation, viability of offspring or lactation, as compared to control animals, nor was there a significant incidence of congenital anomalies in the offspring derived from these experiments.

A reproduction study of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) was carried out in rats through two successive matings. Oral daily doses were administered in two concentrations: 2.5 mg/kg Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride with 1.25 mg/kg clidinium bromide or 25 mg/kg Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride with 12.5 mg/kg clidinium bromide. In the first mating, no significant differences were noted between the control or the treated groups, with the exception of a slight decrease in the number of animals surviving during lactation among those receiving the highest dosage. As with all anticholinergic drugs, an inhibiting effect on lactation may occur. In the second mating, similar results were obtained except for a slight decrease in the number of pregnant females and in the percentage of offspring surviving until weaning. No congenital anomalies were observed in both matings in either the control or treated groups. Additional animal reproduction studies are in progress.

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INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is indicated to control emotional and somatic factors in gastrointestinal disorders. Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may also be used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcer and in the treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome (irritable colon, spastic colon, mucous colitis) and acute enterocolitis.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is contraindicated in the presence of glaucoma (since the anticholinergic component may produce some degree of mydriasis) and in patients with prostatic hypertrophy and benign bladder neck obstruction. It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and/or clidinium bromide.

WARNINGS

Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including Normaxin, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.

Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is used with opioids (see PRECAUTIONS ).

As in the case of other preparations containing CNS-acting drugs, patients receiving Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) should be cautioned about possible combined effects with opioids, alcohol and other CNS depressants. For the same reason, they should be cautioned against hazardous occupations requiring complete mental alertness, such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.

Usage In Pregnancy

An increased risk of congenital malformations associated with the use of minor tranquilizers (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and meprobamate) during the first trimester of pregnancy has been suggested in several studies. Because use of these drugs is rarely a matter of urgency, their use during this period should almost always be avoided. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered. Patients should be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant they should communicate with their physicians about the desirability of discontinuing the drug.

As with all anticholinergic drugs, an inhibiting effect on lactation may occur.

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OVERDOSAGE

Manifestations of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride overdosage include somnolence, confusion, coma and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored, as in all cases of drug overdosage, although, in general, these effects have been minimal following Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride overdosage.

While the signs and symptoms of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) overdosage may be produced by either of its components, usually such symptoms will be overshadowed by the anticholinergic actions of clidinium bromide. The symptoms of overdosage of clidinium bromide are excessive dryness of mouth, blurring of vision, urinary hesitancy and constipation.

General supportive measures should be employed, along with immediate gastric lavage. Administer physostigmine 0.5 to 2 mg at a rate of no more than 1 mg per minute. This may be repeated in 1 to 4 mg doses if arrhythmias, convulsions or deep coma recur. Intravenous fluids should be administered and an adequate airway maintained. Hypotension may be combated by the use of levarterenol or metaraminol. Methylphenidate or caffeine and sodium benzoate may be given to combat CNS-depressive effects. Dialysis is of limited value. Should excitation occur, barbiturates should not be used. As with the management of intentional overdosage with any drug, it should be borne in mind that multiple agents may have been ingested.

Withdrawal symptoms of the barbiturate type have occurred after the discontinuation of benzodiazepines.

PRECAUTIONS

In debilitated patients, it is recommended that the dosage be limited to the smallest effective amount to preclude the development of ataxia, oversedation or confusion capsules per day initially, to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated). In general, the concomitant administration of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) and other psychotropic agents is not recommended. If such combination therapy seems indicated, careful consideration should be given to the pharmacology of the agents to be employed - particularly when the known potentiating compounds such as the MAO inhibitors and phenothiazines are to be used. The usual precautions in treating patients with impaired renal or hepatic function should be observed.

Paradoxical reactions to Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride, e.g., excitement, stimulation and acute rage, have been reported in psychiatric patients and should be watched for during Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) therapy. The usual precautions are indicated when Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride is used in the treatment of anxiety states where there is any evidence of impending depression; it should be borne in mind that suicidal tendencies may be present and protective measures may be necessary. Although clinical studies have not established a cause and effect relationship, physicians should be aware that variable effects on blood coagulation have been reported very rarely in patients receiving oral anticoagulants and Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride.

Information for Patients

Inform patients and caregivers that potentially fatal additive effects may occur if Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is used with opioids or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, and not to use these concomitantly unless supervised by a health care provider (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS ).

To assure the safe and effective use of benzodiazepines, patients should be informed that, since benzodiazepines may produce psychological and physical dependence, it is advisable that they consult with their physician before either increasing the dose or abruptly discontinuing this drug.

Drug Interactions

The concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids increases the risk of respiratory depression because of actions at different receptor sites in the CNS that control respiration. Benzodiazepines interact at GABAA sites and opioids interact primarily at mu receptors. When benzodiazepines and opioids are combined, the potential for benzodiazepines to significantly worsen opioid-related respiratory depression exists. Limit dosage and duration of concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids, and follow patients closely for respiratory depression and sedation.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Geriatric subjects may be particularly prone to experiencing drowsiness, ataxia and confusion while receiving Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide). These effects can usually be avoided with proper dosage adjustment, although they have occasionally been observed even at the lower dosage ranges. Dosing in geriatric subjects should be initiated cautiously (no more than 2 capsules per day) and increased gradually if needed and tolerated. Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is contraindicated in the presence of glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and benign bladder neck obstruction.

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ADVERSE REACTIONS

No side effects or manifestations not seen with either compound alone have been reported with the administration of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide). However, since Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) contains Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and clidinium bromide, the possibility of untoward effects which may be seen with either of these two compounds cannot be excluded.

When Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride has been used alone the necessity of discontinuing therapy because of undesirable effects has been rare. Drowsiness, ataxia and confusion have been reported in some patients - particularly the elderly and debilitated. While these effects can be avoided in almost all instances by proper dosage adjustment, they have occasionally been observed at the lower dosage ranges. In a few instances syncope has been reported.

Other adverse reactions reported during therapy with Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride include isolated instances of skin eruptions, edema, minor menstrual irregularities, nausea and constipation, extrapyramidal symptoms, as well as increased and decreased libido. Such side effects have been infrequent and are generally controlled with reduction of dosage. Changes in EEG patterns (low-voltage fast activity) have been observed in patients during and after Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride treatment.

Blood dyscrasias, including agranulocytosis, jaundice and hepatic dysfunction have occasionally been reported during therapy with Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride. When Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride treatment is protracted, periodic blood counts and liver function tests are advisable.

Adverse effects reported with use of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) are those typical of anticholinergic agents, i.e., dryness of the mouth, blurring of vision, urinary hesitancy and constipation. Constipation has occurred most often when Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) therapy has been combined with other spasmolytic agents and/or a low residue diet.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Withdrawal symptoms, similar in character to those noted with barbiturates and alcohol (convulsions, tremor, abdominal and muscle cramps, vomiting and sweating), have occurred following abrupt discontinuance of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide). The more severe withdrawal symptoms have usually been limited to those patients who had received excessive doses over an extended period of time. Generally milder withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria and insomnia) have been reported following abrupt discontinuance of benzodiazepines taken continuously at therapeutic levels for several months. Consequently, after extended therapy, abrupt discontinuation should generally be avoided and a gradual dosage tapering schedule followed. Addiction-prone individuals (such as drug addicts or alcoholics) should be under careful surveillance when receiving Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) or other psychotropic agents because of the predisposition of such patients to habituation and dependence.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Because of the varied individual responses to tranquilizers and anticholinergics, the optimum dosage of Normaxin varies with the diagnosis and response of the individual patient. The dosage, therefore, should be individualized for maximum beneficial effects. The usual maintenance dose is 1 or 2 capsules, 3 or 4 times a day administered before meals and at bedtime.

Geriatric Dosing

Dosage should be limited to the smallest effective amount to preclude the development of ataxia, oversedation or confusion. The initial dose should not exceed 2 Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) capsules per day, to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated.

HOW SUPPLIED

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is available in light green opaque capsules, each containing 5 mg Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and 2.5 mg clidinium bromide - bottles of 100 (NDC 0187-4100-10), with Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) imprinted on the body of the capsule.

Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C - 30°C (59°F - 86°F).

Keep out of reach of children. Dispense in tight, light-resistant container as defined in USP/NF.

Manufactured by:

Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc.

Steinbach, MB R5G 1Z7 Canada

Manufactured for:

Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC

Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.

©Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC

9548900-20001220

Revised: 01/2017

Medication Guide

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) (lee braks)

(chlordiazepoxide HCl and clidinium bromide) capsules

What is the most important information I should know about Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

  • Do not stop taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) suddenly can cause serious side effects.
  • Taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) with opioid medicines, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma and death.
  • Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) affects you.
  • Do not drink alcohol or take other drugs that may make you sleepy or dizzy while taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) without first talking to your healthcare provider. When taken with alcohol or drugs that cause sleepiness or dizziness, Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may make your sleepiness or dizziness much worse.
  • Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) can cause abuse and dependence.
  • Do not stop taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) all of a sudden. Stopping Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) suddenly can cause seizures, shaking, stomach and muscle cramps, vomiting and sweating.
  • Physical dependence is not the same as drug addiction. Your healthcare provider can tell you more about the differences between physical dependence and drug addiction.

What is Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

  • Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is a prescription medicine that is used with other therapies for the treatment of:
  • stomach (peptic) ulcers
  • irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
  • inflammation of the colon called acute enterocolitis
  • Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) contains the medicines Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) HCl and clidinium bromide.
  • Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may harm others. Tell your healthcare provider if you have abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines or street drugs.
  • It is not known if Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is safe and effective in children.

Do not take Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) if you:

  • have glaucoma
  • have an enlarged prostate
  • have a blockage of your bladder that causes problems with urination
  • are allergic to Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride or clidinium bromide

Before you take Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide), tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:

  • have eye problems
  • have problems urinating or emptying your bladder
  • have coordination problems
  • have kidney or liver problems
  • have a history of depression, mental illness, or suicidal thoughts
  • have a history of drug or alcohol abuse or addiction
  • have bleeding problems
  • are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may harm your unborn baby. Avoid taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant during treatment with Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide).
  • are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may pass through your breast milk and may harm your baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby if you take Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide). Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may decrease the amount of breast milk your body makes.

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) or the other medicines work.

Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider.

Especially tell your healthcare provider if you:

  • take a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) medicine or an anti-psychotic medicine called phenothiazine.

How should I take Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

  • Take Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.
  • Your healthcare provider may change your dose of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) if needed. Do not change your dose of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) or suddenly stop taking Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) without talking with your healthcare provider.
  • If you take too much Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide), call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.

What are the possible side effects of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) may cause serious side effects, including: See “What is the most important information I should know about Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?”

The most common side effects of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) include:

  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • nausea
  • constipation
  • skin problems
  • swelling
  • irregular menstrual (periods) cycles
  • increase and decreased desire for sex (libido)
  • problems starting to urinate
  • drowsiness, coordination problems, and confusion may happen, especially in people who are elderly or weak

These are not all the possible side effects of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide).

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

  • Store Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) at room temperature 77°F (25°C).
  • Keep Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about the safe and effective use of Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide).

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) that is written for health professionals.

What are the ingredients in Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)?

Active ingredient: Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) hydrochloride and clidinium bromide

Inactive ingredients: corn starch, lactose and talc. Gelatin capsule shells may contain methyl and propyl parabens and potassium sorbate, with the following dye systems: D&C Yellow No. 10 and either FD&C Blue No.1 or FD&C Green No. 3.

Manufactured in Canada by: Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. Steinbach, MB R5G 1Z7 Canada

Manufactured for: Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide) is a trademark of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. or its affiliates.

©Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC

For more information, go to www.valeant.com or contact Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC at 1-800-321-4576

This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Issued: 01/2017

NDC 0187-4100-10

Rx Only

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)®

(chlordiazepoxide HCl)

(clidinium bromide)

Each capsule

contains 5 mg

Normaxin (Chlordiazepoxide)

HCl and 2.5 mg

clidinium bromide.

VALEANT

100 Capsules

Clidinium Bromide:


Normaxin (Clidinium Bromide) is a synthetic anticholinergic agent which has been shown in experimental and clinical studies to have a pronounced antispasmodic and antisecretory effect on the gastrointestinal tract. It inhibits muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites. It is used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Indication: For the treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Dicyclomine Hydrochloride:


DESCRIPTION

Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent. Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) occurs as a fine, white, crystalline, practically odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and very slightly soluble in ether.

Chemically, it is [Bicyclohexyl]-1-carboxylic acid, 2-(diethyl-amino) ethyl ester, hydrochloride with the following structural formula:

C19H35NO2-HCI   345.95

Each capsule, for oral administration, contains 10 mg of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride).

Each tablet, for oral administration, contains 20 mg of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride).

This product contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide (tablets only), corn starch (tablets only), D&C red #28 (capsules only), FD&C blue #1 (capsules only), FD&C blue #1 lake (tablets only), FD&C red #40 (capsules only), gelatin (capsules only), hypromellose (tablets only), lactose monohydrate (tablets only), magnesium stearate (capsules only), pregelatinized starch, silicon dioxide (capsules only), sodium lauryl sulfate (capsules only), sodium starch glycolate (tablets only), and stearic acid (tablets only).

Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) Structural Formula

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Dicyclomine relieves smooth muscle spasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal studies indicate that this action is achieved via a dual mechanism: (1) a specific anticholinergic effect (antimuscarinic) at the acetylcholine- receptor sites with approximately 1/8 the milligram potency of atropine (in vitro, guinea pig ileum); and (2) a direct effect upon smooth muscle (musculotropic) as evidenced by dicyclomine's antagonism of bradykinin- and histamine-induced spasms of the isolated guinea pig ileum. Atropine did not affect responses to these two agonists. In vivo studies in cats and dogs showed dicyclomine to be equally potent against acetylcholine (ACh)- or barium chloride (BaCI2)- induced intestinal spasm while atropine was at least 200 times more potent against effects of ACh than BaCI2. Tests for mydriatic effects in mice showed that dicyclomine was approximately 1/500 as potent as atropine; antisialogogue tests in rabbits showed dicyclomine to be 1/300 as potent as atropine.

In man, dicyclomine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, reaching peak values within 60-90 minutes. The principal route of elimination is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%). Mean half-life of plasma elimination in one study was determined to be approximately 1.8 hours when plasma concentrations were measured for 9 hours after a single dose. In subsequent studies, plasma concentrations were followed for up to 24 hours after a single dose, showing a secondary phase of elimination with a somewhat longer half-life. Mean volume of distribution for a 20 mg oral dose is approximately 3.65 L/kg suggesting extensive distribution in tissues.

In controlled clinical trials involving over 100 patients who received drug, 82% of patients treated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome with Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) at initial doses of 160 mg daily (40 mg q.i.d.) demonstrated a favorable clinical response compared with 55% treated with placebo (p<.05). In these trials, most of the side effects were typically anticholinergic in nature and were reported by 61% of the patients.

Dicyclomine
Hydrochloride
(40 mg q.i.d.) Placebo
Side Effect % %
Dry Mouth 33 5
Dizziness 29 2
Blurred Vision 27 2
Nausea 14 6
Light-headedness 11 3
Drowsiness 9 1
Weakness 7 1
Nervousness 6 2

Nine percent (9%) of patients were discontinued from the drug because of one or more of these side effects (compared with 2% in the placebo group). In 41% of the patients with side effects, side effects disappeared or were tolerated at the 160 mg daily dose without reduction. A dose reduction from 160 mg daily to an average daily dose of 90 mg was required in 46% of the patients with side effects who then continued to experience a favorable clinical response; their side effects either disappeared or were tolerated.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

For the treatment of functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome.

CONTRAINDICATIONS


  • Obstructive uropathy


  • Obstructive disease of the gastrointestinal tract


  • Severe ulcerative colitis


  • Reflux esophagitis


  • Unstable cardiovascular status in acute hemorrhage


  • Glaucoma


  • Myasthenia gravis


  • Evidence of prior hypersensitivity to Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) or other ingredients of these formulations


  • Infants less than 6 months of age


  • Nursing Mothers.

WARNINGS

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating). If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and supportive measures instituted.

Diarrhea may be an early symptom of incomplete intestinal obstruction, especially in patients with ileostomy or colostomy. In this instance, treatment with this drug would be inappropriate and possibly harmful.

Dicyclomine may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or performing hazardous work while taking this drug.

Psychosis has been reported in sensitive individuals given anticholinergic drugs. CNS signs and symptoms include confusion, disorientation, short-term memory loss, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, coma, euphoria, decreased anxiety, fatigue, insomnia, agitation and mannerisms, and inappropriate affect. These CNS signs and symptoms usually resolve within 12 to 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.

There are reports that administration of dicyclomine syrup to infants has been followed by serious respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, shortness of breath, breathlessness, respiratory collapse, apnea, asphyxia), seizures, syncope, pulse rate fluctuations, muscular hypotonia, and coma. Death has been reported. No causal relationship between these effects observed in infants and dicyclomine administration has been established. DICYCLOMINE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN INFANTS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE AND IN NURSING MOTHERS..

Safety and efficacy of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) in pediatric patients have not been established.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Use with caution in patients with:


  • Autonomic neuropathy


  • Hepatic or renal disease


  • Ulcerative colitis-large doses may suppress intestinal motility to the point of producing a paralytic ileus and the use of this drug may precipitate or aggravate the serious complication of toxic megacolon


  • Hyperthyroidism


  • Hypertension


  • Coronary heart disease


  • Congestive heart failure


  • Cardiac tachyarrhythmia


  • Hiatal hernia


  • Known or suspected prostatic hypertrophy.


Investigate any tachycardia before administration of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride), since it may increase the heart rate.

With overdosage, a curare-like action may occur (i.e., neuromuscular blockade leading to muscular weakness and possible paralysis).

Information For Patients

Dicyclomine may produce drowsiness or blurred vision. The patient should be warned not to engage in activities requiring mental alertness, such as operating a motor vehicle or other machinery or to perform hazardous work while taking this drug.

Dicyclomine is contraindicated in infants less than 6 months of age and in nursing mothers..

In the presence of a high environmental temperature, heat prostration can occur with drug use (fever and heat stroke due to decreased sweating).

If symptoms occur, the drug should be discontinued and a physician contacted.

Drug Interactions

The following agents may increase certain actions or side effects of anticholinergic drugs: amantadine, antiarrhythmic agents of Class I, antihistamines, antipsychotic agents (e.g., phenothiazines), benzodiazepines, MAO inhibitors, narcotic analgesics (e.g., meperidine), nitrates and nitrites, sympathomimetic agents, tricyclic antidepressants, and other drugs having anticholinergic activity.

Anticholinergics antagonize the effects of antiglaucoma agents. Anticholinergic drugs in the presence of increased intraocular pressure may be hazardous when taken concurrently with agents such as corticosteroids.

Anticholinergic agents may affect gastrointestinal absorption of various drugs, such as slowly dissolving dosage forms of digoxin; increased serum digoxin concentrations may result. Anticholinergic drugs may antagonize the effects of the drugs that alter gastrointestinal motility, such as metoclopramide. Because antacids may interfere with the absorption of anticholinergic agents, simultaneous use of these drugs should be avoided.

The inhibiting effects of anticholinergic drugs on gastric hydrochloric acid secretion are antagonized by agents used to treat achlorhydria and those used to test gastric secretion.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

There are no known human data on long-term potential for carcinogenicity or mutagenicity.

Long-term studies in animals to determine carcinogenic potential are not known to have been conducted.

In studies in rats at doses of up to 100 mg/kg/day, dicyclomine produced no deleterious effects on breeding, conception, or parturition.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category B.

Reproduction studies have been performed in rats and rabbits at doses up to 33 times the maximum recommended human dose based on 160 mg/day and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to dicyclomine. Epidemiologic studies in pregnant women with products containing Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) (at doses up to 40 mg/day) have not shown that dicyclomine increases the risk of fetal abnormalities if administered during the first trimester of pregnancy. There are, however, no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women at the recommended doses (80-160 mg/day). Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, dicyclomine as indicated for functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers

Since dicyclomine has been reported to be excreted in human milk, Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) IS CONTRAINDICATED IN NURSING MOTHERS..

Pediatric Use

DICYCLOMINE IS CONTRAINDICATED IN INFANTS LESS THAN 6 MONTHS OF AGE.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Controlled clinical trials have provided frequency information for reported adverse effects of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) listed in a decreasing order of frequency.

Not all of the following adverse reactions have been reported with Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride). Adverse reactions are included here that have been reported for pharmacologically similar drugs with anticholinergic/antispasmodic action.

Gastrointestinal: dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, bloated feeling, abdominal pain, taste loss, anorexia

Central Nervous System: dizziness, light-headedness, tingling, headache, drowsiness, weakness, nervousness, numbness, mental confusion and/or excitement (especially in elderly persons), dyskinesia, lethargy, syncope, speech disturbance, insomnia

Ophthalmologic: blurred vision, diplopia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, increased ocular tension

Dermatological/Allergic: rash, urticaria, itching, and other dermal manifestations; severe allergic reaction or drug idiosyncrasies including anaphylaxis

Genitourinary: urinary hesitancy, urinary retention

Cardiovascular: tachycardia, palpitations

Respiratory: Dyspnea, apnea, asphyxia

Other: decreased sweating, nasal stuffiness or congestion, sneezing, throat congestion, impotence, suppression of lactation

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Abuse of and/or dependence on dicyclomine for anticholinergic effects have been rarely reported.

OVERDOSAGE

Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of overdosage are headache; nausea; vomiting; blurred vision; dilated pupils; hot, dry skin; dizziness; dryness of the mouth; difficulty in swallowing; and CNS stimulation. A curare-like action may occur.

A 37-year-old female reported numbness on the left side, cold fingertips, blurred vision, abdominal and flank pain, decreased appetite, dry mouth, and nervousness following ingestion of 320 mg daily (four 20 mg tablets QID) for four days. These events resolved after discontinuing the dicyclomine.

Oral LD50

The acute oral LD50 of the drug is 625 mg/kg in mice.

Minimum Human Lethal Dose/Maximum Human Dose Recorded

The amount of drug in a single dose that is ordinarily associated with symptoms of overdosage or that is Iikely to be life threatening, has not been defined. The maximum human oral dose recorded was 600 mg by mouth in a 10-month-old child and approximately 1500 mg in an adult, each of whom survived.

In three of the infants who died following administration of Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride), the blood concentrations of drug were 200, 220, and 505 ng/mL, respectively.

Dialysis

It is not known if dicyclomine is dialyzable.

Treatment

Treatment should consist of gastric lavage, emetics, and activated charcoal. Sedatives (e.g., short-acting barbiturates, benzodiazepines) may be used for management of overt signs of excitement. If indicated, an appropriate parenteral cholinergic agent may be used as an antidote.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

DOSAGE MUST BE ADJUSTED TO INDIVIDUAL PATIENT NEEDS.

The only oral dose clearly shown to be effective is 160 mg per day (in 4 equally divided doses). Since this dose is associated with a significant incidence of side effects, it is prudent to begin with 80 mg per day (in 4 equally divided doses). Depending upon the patient's response during the first week of therapy, the dose should be increased to 160 mg per day unless side effects limit dosage escalation.

If efficacy is not achieved within 2 weeks or side effects require doses below 80 mg per day, the drug should be discontinued. Documented safety data are not available for doses above 80 mg daily for periods longer than 2 weeks.

The intramuscular dosage form is to be used temporarily when the patient cannot take oral medication. Intramuscular injection is about twice as bioavailable as oral dosage forms; consequently, the recommended intramuscular dose is 80 mg daily (in 4 equally divided doses).

Oral Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) should be started as soon as possible and the intramuscular form should not be used for periods longer than 1 or 2 days.

HOW SUPPLIED

Normaxin Capsules USP and Normaxin (Dicyclomine Hydrochloride) Tablets USP are supplied as follows:

10 mg capsules: Clear Dark Blue cap/Clear Dark Blue body hard gelatin capsules, imprinted with white ink WATSON over 794 on cap and 10 mg on the body, in bottles of 100 and 1000.

20 mg tablets: Blue, round, unscored, flat-faced, beveled-edge tablets, debossed WATSON and 795 on the periphery on one side and plain on the other side, in bottles of 100 and 1000.

Storage

Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Dispense in a well-closed container as defined in USP/NF.

Manufactured for:

Watson Laboratories, Inc.

Corona, CA 92880 USA

Manufactured by:

Patheon Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Cincinnati, OH 45215 USA

Normaxin pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Normaxin available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Normaxin destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Normaxin Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Normaxin pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET [LAKE ERIE MEDICAL DBA QUALITY CARE PRODUCTS LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."AMITRIPTYLINE HYDROCHLORIDE; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "dicyclomine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Normaxin?

Depending on the reaction of the Normaxin after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Normaxin not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Normaxin addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Normaxin, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Normaxin consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

Visitor reports

One visitor reported useful

How is the drug Normaxin useful in reducing or relieving the symptoms? How useful is it?
According to the survey conducted by the website sdrugs.com, there are variable results and below are the percentages of the users that say the medicine is useful to them and that say it is not helping them much. It is not ideal to continue taking the medication if you feel it is not helping you much. Contact your healthcare provider to check if there is a need to change the medicine or if there is a need to re-evaluate your condition. The usefulness of the medicine may vary from patient to patient, depending on the other diseases he is suffering from and slightly depends on the brand name.
Visitors%
Useful1
100.0%

Visitor reported side effects

No survey data has been collected yet

Visitor reported price estimates

No survey data has been collected yet

Two visitors reported frequency of use

How often in a day do you take the medicine?
Are you taking the Normaxin drug as prescribed by the doctor?

Few medications can be taken 3 times in a day more than prescribed when the doctor's advice mentions the medicine can be taken according to frequency or severity of symptoms. Most times, be very careful and clear about the number of times you are taking the medication. The report of sdrugs.com website users about the frequency of taking the drug Normaxin is mentioned below.
Visitors%
3 times in a day1
50.0%
Once in a day1
50.0%

One visitor reported doses

What is the dose of Normaxin drug you are taking?
According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 1-5mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
Visitors%
1-5mg1
100.0%

Visitor reported time for results

No survey data has been collected yet

Two visitors reported administration

The drugs are administered in various routes, like oral or injection form. They are administered before food or after food. How are you taking Normaxin drug, before food or after food?
Click here to find out how other users of our website are taking it. For any doubts or queries on how and when the medicine is administered, contact your health care provider immediately.
Visitors%
After food1
50.0%
Before food1
50.0%

Three visitors reported age

Visitors%
30-452
66.7%
> 601
33.3%

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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