Nisolid

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Nisolid uses


DESCRIPTION

Nisolid Nasal Solution USP, 0.025% is intended for administration as a spray to the nasal mucosa. Nisolid, the active component of Nisolid Nasal Solution, is an anti-inflammatory steroid.

Nisolid is represented by the following structural formula:

C24H31FO6 - 1/2H2O

Mol. Wt. 443.52

Chemical Name:

6α-fluoro-11β 16α,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone (USAN).

Nisolid is a white to creamy white crystalline powder. It is soluble in acetone, sparingly soluble in chloroform, slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in water. It has a melting point of about 245°C.

After initial priming (5 to 6 sprays), each spray of the unit delivers a metered droplet spray of 100 mg formulation containing 25 mcg of Nisolid. The size of the droplets produced by the unit is in excess of 8 microns to facilitate deposition on the nasal mucosa. The contents of one nasal spray bottle delivers 200 sprays.

Each mL contains: ACTIVE: Nisolid 0.25 mg (0.025%); INACTIVES: Propylene Glycol, Polyethylene Glycol 3350, Butylated Hydroxyanisole, Edetate Disodium, Sodium Citrate, Citric Acid, and Purified Water. Sodium Hydroxide and/or Hydrochloric Acid may be added to adjust pH (5.1–5.4). PRESERVATIVE: Benzalkonium Chloride 0.01%.

Nisolid (Structural formula)

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Nisolid has demonstrated potent glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid activity in classical animal test systems. As a glucocorticoid, it is several hundred times more potent than the cortisol standard. Clinical studies with Nisolid have shown therapeutic activity on nasal mucous membranes with minimal evidence of systemic activity at the recommended doses.

A study in approximately 100 patients that compared the recommended dose of Nisolid Nasal Solution with an oral dose providing equivalent systemic amounts of Nisolid has shown that the clinical effectiveness of Nisolid Nasal Solution, when used topically as recommended, is due to its direct local effect and not to an indirect effect through systemic absorption.

Following administration of Nisolid to man, approximately half of the administered dose is recovered in the urine and half in the stool: 65 to 70% of the dose recovered in urine is the primary metabolite, which has undergone loss of the 6α fluorine and addition of a 6β hydroxy group. Nisolid is well absorbed but is rapidly converted by the liver to the much less active primary metabolite and to glucuronate and/or sulfate conjugates. Because of first-pass liver metabolism, only 20% of the Nisolid reaches the systemic circulation when it is given orally whereas 50% of the Nisolid administered intranasally reaches the systemic circulation unmetabolized. The plasma half-life of Nisolid is 1 to 2 hours.

The effects of Nisolid on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function have been studied in adult volunteers. Nisolid was administered intranasally as a spray in total doses over 7 times the recommended dose (2200 mcg, equivalent to 88 sprays/day) in 2 subjects for 4 days, about 3 times the recommended dose (800 mcg, equivalent to 32 sprays/day) in 4 subjects for 4 days, and over twice the recommended dose (700 mcg, equivalent to 28 sprays/day) in 6 subjects for 10 days. Early morning plasma cortisol concentrations and 24-hour urinary 17-ketogenic steroids were measured daily. There was evidence of decreased endogenous cortisol production at all three doses.

In controlled studies, Nisolid Nasal Solution was found to be effective in reducing symptoms of stuffy nose, runny nose and sneezing in most patients. These controlled clinical studies have been conducted in 488 adult patients at doses ranging from 8 to 16 sprays (200-400 mcg) per day and 127 pediatric patients at doses ranging from 6 to 8 sprays (150 to 200 mcg) per day for periods as long as 3 months. In 170 patients who had cortisol levels evaluated at baseline and after 3 months or more of Nisolid treatment, there was no unequivocal flunisolide-related depression of plasma cortisol levels.

Clinical studies have shown that improvement is usually apparent within a few days after starting Nisolid Nasal Solution.

The mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of corticosteroids and for the activity of the aerosolized drug on the nasal mucosa are unknown.

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INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Nisolid Nasal Solution is indicated for the treatment of the nasal symptoms of seasonal or perennial rhinitis. Nisolid Nasal Solution should not be used in the presence of untreated localized infection involving nasal mucosa.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.

WARNINGS

The replacement of a systemic corticosteroid with a topical corticoid can be accompanied by signs of adrenal insufficiency, and in addition some patients may experience symptoms of withdrawal, e.g., joint and/or muscular pain, lassitude and/or depression. Patients previously treated for prolonged periods with systemic corticosteroids and transferred to Nisolid should be carefully monitored to avoid acute adrenal insufficiency in response to stress.

When transferred to Nisolid, careful attention must be given to patients previously treated for prolonged periods with systemic corticosteroids. This is particularly important in those patients who have associated asthma or other clinical conditions, where too rapid a decrease in systemic corticosteroids may cause a severe exacerbation of their symptoms.

The use of Nisolid with alternate-day prednisone systemic treatment could increase the likelihood of HPA suppression compared to a therapeutic dose of either one alone. Therefore, Nisolid treatment should be used with caution in patients already on alternate-day prednisone regimens for any disease.

Persons who are on drugs that suppress the immune system are more susceptible to infections than healthy individuals. Chicken pox and measles, for example, can have a more serious or even fatal course in non-immune pediatric patients or adults on corticosteroids. In such pediatric patients or adults who have not had these diseases, particular care should be taken to avoid exposure. How the dose, route and duration of corticosteroid administration affects the risk of developing a disseminated infection is not known. The contribution of the underlying disease and/or prior corticosteroid treatment to the risk is also not known. If a nonimmune patient is exposed to chickenpox, prophylaxis with varicella zoster immune globulin (VZIG) may be indicated. If exposed to measles, prophylaxis with pooled intramuscular immunoglobulin (IG) may be indicated. If chickenpox develops, treatment with antiviral agents may be considered.

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PRECAUTIONS

General

Intranasal corticosteroids may also cause a reduction in growth velocity when administered to pediatric patients.

Symptomatic relief may not occur in some patients for as long as 2 weeks. Although systemic effects are minimal at recommended doses, Nisolid should not be continued beyond 3 weeks in the absence of significant symptomatic improvement. In clinical studies with Nisolid administered intranasally, the development of localized infections of the nose and pharynx with Candida albicans has occurred only rarely. When such an infection develops, it may require treatment with appropriate local therapy or discontinuance of treatment with Nisolid.

Nisolid is absorbed into the circulation. Use of excessive doses of Nisolid may suppress HPA function. Nisolid should be used with caution, if at all, in patients with active or quiescent tuberculosis infection of the respiratory tract or in untreated fungal, bacterial or systemic viral infections or ocular herpes simplex.

Because of the inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on wound healing, in patients who have experienced recent nasal septal ulcers, recurrent epistaxis, nasal surgery or trauma, a nasal corticosteroid should be used with caution until healing has occurred.

Although systemic effects have been minimal with recommended doses, this potential increases with excessive dosages. Therefore, larger than recommended doses should be avoided.

Information for Patients

Patients should use Nisolid at regular intervals since its effectiveness depends on its regular use. The patient should take the medication as directed. It is not acutely effective and the prescribed dosage should not be increased. Instead, nasal vasoconstrictors or oral antihistamines may be needed until the effects of Nisolid are fully manifested. One to two weeks may pass before full relief is obtained. The patient should contact the physician if symptoms do not improve, or if the condition worsens, or if sneezing or nasal irritation occurs.

Persons who are on immunosuppressant doses of corticosteroids should be warned to avoid exposure to chickenpox or measles. Patients should also be advised that if they are exposed, medical advice should be sought without delay.

For the proper use of this unit and to attain maximum improvement, the patient should read and follow the accompanying Patient Instructions carefully.

Patients should be advised to clear their nasal passages of secretions prior to use.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

In mice, Nisolid at an oral dose of 500 mcg/kg/day for 21 months was negative for carcinogenic effects. In rats, administration of Nisolid at an oral dose of 2.5 mcg/kg/day (less than the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and children on a mg/m2 basis) for 24 months resulted in an increased incidence of mammary gland adenoma and islet cell adenoma of the pancreas in females. There were no significant increases in the incidence of any tumor type in rats at an oral dose of 1.0 mcg/kg (less than the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and children on a mg/m2 basis).

Nisolid showed no mutagenic activity in in vitro test systems including the Ames Assay and the Rec-Assay, and no clastogenic activity in either the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells or the in vivo mouse bone marrow chromosomal aberration assay.

Nisolid, at an oral dose of 200 mcg/kg/day (approximately 4 times the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis) produced impaired fertility in female rats, but was devoid of such effect at oral doses less than or equal to 40 mcg/kg/day (approximately equal to the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis).

Pregnancy

As with other corticosteroids, Nisolid has been shown to be teratogenic and fetotoxic in rabbits and rats at oral doses of 40 and 200 mcg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 2 and 4 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults on a mg/m2 basis). There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Nisolid should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because other corticosteroids are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Nisolid is administered to nursing women.

Pediatric Use

Nisolid Nasal Solution is not recommended for use in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age as safety and efficacy have not been assessed in this age group. Controlled clinical studies have shown that intranasal corticosteroids may cause a reduction in growth velocity in pediatric patients. This effect has been observed in the absence of laboratory evidence of HPA axis suppression, suggesting that growth velocity is a more sensitive indicator of systemic corticosteroid exposure in pediatric patients than some commonly used tests of HPA axis function. The long-term effects of this reduction in growth velocity associated with intranasal corticosteroids, including the impact on final adult height, are unknown. The potential for “catch up” growth following discontinuation of treatment with intranasal corticosteroids has not been adequately studied. The growth of pediatric patients receiving intranasal corticosteroids, including Nisolid Nasal Solution, should be monitored routinely. The potential growth effects of prolonged treatment should be weighed against clinical benefits obtained and the availability of safe and effective noncorticosteroid treatment alternatives. To minimize the systemic effects of intranasal corticosteroids, including Nisolid Nasal Solution, each patient should be titrated to the lowest dose that effectively controls his/her symptoms.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Nisolid Nasal Solution did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose reduction for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting a greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

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ADVERSE REACTIONS

Adverse reactions reported in controlled clinical trials and long-term open studies in 595 patients treated with Nisolid Nasal Solution are described below. Of these patients, 409 were treated for 3 months or longer, 323 for 6 months or longer, 259 for 1 year or longer, and 91 for 2 years or longer.

In general, side effects elicited in the clinical studies have been primarily associated with the nasal mucous membranes. The most frequent complaints were those of mild transient nasal burning and stinging, which were reported in approximately 45% of the patients treated with Nisolid Nasal Solution in placebo-controlled and long-term studies. These complaints do not usually interfere with treatment; in only 3% of patients was it necessary to decrease dosage or stop treatment because of these symptoms. Approximately the same incidence of mild transient nasal burning and stinging was reported in patients on placebo as was reported in patients treated with Nisolid Nasal Solution in controlled studies, implying that these complaints may be related to the vehicle or the delivery system. The incidence of complaints of nasal burning and stinging decreased with increasing duration of treatment.

Other side effects reported at a frequency of 5% or less were: nasal congestion, sneezing, epistaxis and/or bloody mucous, nasal irritation, watery eyes, sore throat, nausea and/or vomiting, and headaches. As with other nasally inhaled corticosteroids, nasal septal perforations have been reported in rare instances with the use of Nisolid Nasal Solutions. Temporary or permanent loss of the sense of smell and taste have also been reported with the use of Nisolid nasal solutions.

Systemic corticosteroid side effects were not reported during the controlled clinical trials. If recommended doses are exceeded, or if individuals are particularly sensitive, symptoms of hypercorticism, i.e., Cushing’s syndrome, could occur. Cases of growth suppression have been reported for intranasal corticosteroids (including Nisolid Nasal Solution) (see PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use).

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Bausch + Lomb, a division of Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC at 1-800-321-4576 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

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OVERDOSAGE

Nisolid, infused intravenously, at doses up to 4 mg/kg in mice, rats and dogs (approximately 45, 300 and 90 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily intranasal dose in adults and children on a mg/m2 basis) was without lethality.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Adults: The recommended starting dose of Nisolid Nasal Solution is 2 sprays (50 mcg) in each nostril 2 times a day (total dose 200 mcg/day). If needed, this dose may be increased to 2 sprays in each nostril 3 times a day (total dose 300 mcg/day).

Pediatric Patients 6 to 14 years: The recommended starting dose of Nisolid Nasal Solution is 1 spray (25 mcg) in each nostril 3 times a day or 2 sprays (50 mcg) in each nostril 2 times a day (total dose 150 to 200 mcg/day). Nisolid Nasal Solution is not recommended for use in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age as safety and efficacy studies, including possible adverse effects on growth, have not been conducted.

Maximum total daily doses should not exceed 8 sprays in each nostril for adults (total dose 400 mcg/day) and 4 sprays in each nostril for pediatric patients under 14 years of age (total dose 200 mcg/day). Since there is no evidence that exceeding the maximum recommended dosage is more effective and increased systemic absorption would occur, higher doses should be avoided.

After the desired clinical effect is obtained, the maintenance dose should be reduced to the smallest amount necessary to control the symptoms. Approximately 15% of patients with perennial rhinitis may be maintained on as little as 1 spray in each nostril per day.

For priming and repriming the nasal spray unit after storage: The patient should remove the dust cover. Put two fingers on “shoulders” of pump unit, and place thumb on bottom of bottle. Push bottle with thumb FIRMLY and QUICKLY 5-6 times or until fine spray appears. Now your pump is primed. The patient must prime the pump unit again if it has not been used for 5 days or more, or if it has been disassembled for cleaning.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE

A patient leaflet of instructions accompanies each package of Nisolid Nasal Solution.

WARNING

Do not spray in eyes.

HOW SUPPLIED

Nisolid Nasal Solution, USP 0.025% is supplied in a nasal pump dispenser with dust cover and with patient instructions in the following size:

25 mL bottle – NDC 24208-344-25

Each 25 mL Nisolid Nasal Solution spray bottle contains 6.25 mg (0.25 mg/mL), 200 metered sprays of Nisolid.

Storage

Store between 15°-25°C (59°-77°F).

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Bausch + Lomb, a division of

Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LLC

Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA

©Bausch & Lomb Incorporated

Revised: June 2016

9277302 (Folded)

9277402 (Flat)

Patient Instructions

PHARMACIST - DETACH HERE AND GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENT

Nisolid Nasal Solution, USP 0.025%

HOW TO USE YOUR NASAL PUMP UNIT –

Your nasal spray unit with the pump requires no assembly. Just follow the simple instructions below.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ON Nisolid NASAL SOLUTION:

1. You should use Nisolid Nasal Solution at regular intervals since its effectiveness depends on its regular use.

2. It may take 1-2 weeks before full relief is obtained.

3. You should contact your physician if symptoms do not improve, if the condition worsens, or if sneezing, nasal irritation, or bleeding occurs.

4. You should contact your physician if you know you have been exposed to chickenpox or measles.


TO PRIME:

1. Remove the dust cover. Put two fingers on “shoulders” of pump unit, and place thumb on bottom of bottle. Push bottle with thumb FIRMLY and QUICKLY 5-6 times or until a fine spray appears. Now your pump is primed. You must prime the pump unit again if you have not used it for 5 days or more, or if you have disassembled it for cleaning.

2. If the solution is delivered in a stream of liquid, it may fail to provide maximum benefit and cause some discomfort. A fine mist can be produced only by a rapid and firm pumping action.

3. Once your pump is primed, it‘s ready to use.

NOTE: Keep dust cover on the pump unit when not in use.

PHARMACIST - DETACH HERE AND GIVE INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENT

TO USE:

1. Gently blow nose to clear nostrils. If nose is blocked, use medicine your doctor has recommended to open nasal passages.

2. Remove the dust cover. Be sure the pump unit is primed.

3. Place the spray tip into one nostril (tip should not reach far into nose).

Bend head forward so spray will aim toward the back of the nose.

4. Hold pump as shown, resting back of index finger against upper lip.

BE CAREFUL THAT FINGERS DO NOT SLIP OFF THE PUMP AS YOU SPRAY.

5. Point the tip toward the BACK and OUTER SIDE of the nose. Close other nostril with finger. Pump the spray by pushing bottle with thumb FIRMLY and QUICKLY and sniff gently at the same time. Your doctor will tell you whether to pump once or twice in each nostril.

6. After spraying in nostril, remove unit from nose and bend head back for a few seconds to let spray spread over back of nose.

7. Repeat Steps 5 and 6 in other nostril. You may feel brief burning or stinging after using the spray.

8. Keep dust cover on the pump unit when not in use.

TO CLEAN:

1. If spray nozzle becomes clogged, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLEAR IT USING A POINTED OBJECT. Remove the pump unit from bottle.

2. Soak only the pump unit in warm water. Squirt several times while holding under water.

3. Make sure the pump unit is dry. Assemble as before with 5 or 6 sprays before use.

Revised: June 2016

Bausch + Lomb, a division of

Valeant Pharmaceuticals

North America LLC

Bridgewater, NJ 08807 USA

©Bausch & Lomb Incorporated

9277302 (Folded)

9277402 (Flat)

To prime nasal pump unit (Illustrated direction) Parts of nasal spray unit with the preassembled pump. Gently blow nose to clear (Illustrated direction) Remove the dust cover (Illustrated direction) Place the spray tip into one nostril (Illustrated direction) Hold pump as shown (Illustrated direction) After spraying in nostril, remove unit from nose and bend head back for a few seconds (Illustrated direction) Keep dust cover on the pump unit when not in use (Illustrated direction) Remove pump unit from bottle (Illustrated direction) Soak only the pump unit in warm water. Squirt several times while under water. (Illustrated direction)

Nisolid pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Nisolid available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Nisolid destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Nisolid Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Nisolid pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."FLUNISOLIDE SOLUTION [BAUSCH & LOMB INCORPORATED]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."FLUNISOLIDE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "flunisolide". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Nisolid?

Depending on the reaction of the Nisolid after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Nisolid not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Nisolid addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Nisolid, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Nisolid consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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