Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula

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Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula uses

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula consists of Beta-Carotene, Calcium (Calcium Phosphate), Chromium (Yeast), Copper (Copper Sulfate), Folic Acid, Iron (Ferrous Fumarate), Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide), Manganese (Manganese Sulfate), Molybdenum (Sodium Molybdate), Potassium (Potassium Chloride), Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Selenium (Yeast), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Nicotinamide), Vitamin B5 (Calcium D-Pantothenate), Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine Hydrochloride), Vitamin C, Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol), Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate), Vitamin H (Biotin).

Calcium (Calcium Phosphate):


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate is a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).

- Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The recommended initial dose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate for the adult dialysis patient is 2 capsules with each meal. Increase the dose gradually to lower serum phosphorus levels to the target range, as long as hypercalcemia does not develop. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal.

- Starting dose is 2 capsules with each meal. (2)

- Titrate the dose every 2 to 3 weeks until acceptable serum phosphorus level is reached. Most patients require 3 to 4 capsules with each meal. (2)

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Capsule: 667 mg Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate capsule.

- Capsule: 667 mg Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate capsule. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Patients with hypercalcemia.

- Hypercalcemia. (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

- Treat mild hypercalcemia by reducing or interrupting Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) acetate and Vitamin D. Severe hypercalcemia may require hemodialysis and discontinuation of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate. (5.1)

- Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity. (5.2)

5.1 Hypercalcemia

Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia when treated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)), including Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate. Avoid the use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) supplements, including Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) based nonprescription antacids, concurrently with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate.

An overdose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate may lead to progressive hypercalcemia, which may require emergency measures. Therefore, early in the treatment phase during the dosage adjustment period, monitor serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) levels twice weekly. Should hypercalcemia develop, reduce the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate dosage, or discontinue the treatment, depending on the severity of hypercalcemia

More severe hypercalcemia (Ca >12 mg/dL) is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor and coma. Severe hypercalcemia can be treated by acute hemodialysis and discontinuing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate therapy.

Mild hypercalcemia (10.5 to 11.9 mg/dL) may be asymptomatic or manifest as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Mild hypercalcemia is usually controlled by reducing the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate dose or temporarily discontinuing therapy. Decreasing or discontinuing Vitamin D therapy is recommended as well.

Chronic hypercalcemia may lead to vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. Radiographic evaluation of suspected anatomical regions may be helpful in early detection of soft tissue calcification. The long term effect of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate on the progression of vascular or soft tissue calcification has not been determined.

Hypercalcemia (>11 mg/dL) was reported in 16% of patients in a 3 month study of solid dose formulation of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate; all cases resolved upon lowering the dose or discontinuing treatment.

Maintain the serum calcium-phosphorus (Ca x P) product below 55 mg2/dL2.

5.2 Concomitant Use with Medications

Hypercalcemia may aggravate digitalis toxicity.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

Hypercalcemia is discussed elsewhere [see Warnings and Precautions ].

- The most common (>10%) adverse reactions are hypercalcemia, nausea and vomiting. (6.1)

- In clinical studies, patients have occasionally experienced nausea during Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate therapy. (6)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp. at 1-800-962-8364 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch

6.1 Clinical Trial Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In clinical studies, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate has been generally well tolerated.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate was studied in a 3 month, open-label, non-randomized study of 98 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients and an alternate liquid formulation of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate was studied in a two week double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study with 69 enrolled ESRD hemodialysis patients. Adverse reactions (>2% on treatment) from these trials are presented in Table 1.


Preferred Term


Total adverse reactions reported for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate

N=167

N (%)


3 month, open label study of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate

N=98

N (%)


Double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of liquid Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate

N=69


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate

N (%)


Placebo

N (%)


Nausea


6 (3.6)


6 (6.1)


0 (0)


0 (0)


Vomiting


4 (2.4)


4 (4.1)


0 (0)


0 (0)


Hypercalcemia


21 (12.6)


16 (16.3)


5 (7.2)


0 (0)


Mild hypercalcemia may be asymptomatic or manifest itself as constipation, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia is associated with confusion, delirium, stupor, and coma. Decreasing dialysate Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) concentration could reduce the incidence and severity of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate-induced hypercalcemia. Isolated cases pruritus have been reported, which may represent allergic reactions.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate: dizziness, edema, and weakness.

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

The drug interaction of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) acetate is characterized by the potential of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) to bind to drugs with anionic functions (e.g., carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups). Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones via this mechanism.

There are no empirical data on avoiding drug interactions between Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate and most concomitant drugs. When administering an oral medication with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate where a reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have a clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy, administer the drug one hour before or three hours after Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate. Monitor blood levels of the concomitant drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range. Patients taking anti-arrhythmic medications for the control of arrhythmias and anti-seizure medications for the control of seizure disorders were excluded from the clinical trials with all forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate.

- Calcium acetate may decrease the bioavailability of tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones. (7)

- When clinically significant drug interactions are expected, administer the drug at least one hour before or at least three hours after Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate or consider monitoring blood levels of the drug. (7)

7.1 Ciprofloxacin

In a study of 15 healthy subjects, a co-administered single dose of 4 Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate tablets, approximately 2.7g, decreased the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin by approximately 50%.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C:

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) acetate capsules contains Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate, and there are no adequate and well controlled studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate use in pregnant women. Patients with end stage renal disease may develop hypercalcemia with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1 ) ]. Maintenance of normal serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) levels is important for maternal and fetal well being. Hypercalcemia during pregnancy may increase the risk for maternal and neonatal complications such as stillbirth, preterm delivery, and neonatal hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate treatment, as recommended, is not expected to harm a fetus if maternal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) levels are properly monitored during and following treatment.

8.2 Labor and Delivery

The effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate on labor and delivery are unknown.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) Acetate Capsules contains Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate and is excreted in human milk. Human milk feeding by a mother receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate is not expected to harm an infant, provided maternal serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) levels are appropriately monitored.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

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10 OVERDOSAGE

Administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate in excess of the appropriate daily dosage may result in hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

11 DESCRIPTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate acts as a phosphate binder. Its chemical name is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate. Its molecular formula is C4H6CaO4, and its molecular weight is 158.17. Its structural formula is:


Each white opaque/blue opaque capsule contains 667 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate USP (anhydrous; Ca(CH3COO)2; MW=158.17 grams) equal to 169 mg (8.45 mEq) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)), polyethylene glycol 8000 and magnesium stearate. Each capsule shell contains: black monogramming ink, FD&C Blue #1, FD&C Red #3, gelatin and titanium dioxide. The black monogramming ink contains: ammonium hydroxide, iron oxide black, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac glaze.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) Acetate Capsules are administered orally for the control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal failure.

Chemical Structure

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Patients with ESRD retain phosphorus and can develop hyperphosphatemia. High serum phosphorus can precipitate serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) resulting in ectopic calcification. Hyperphosphatemia also plays a role in the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with ESRD.

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate, when taken with meals, combines with dietary phosphate to form an insoluble Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) phosphate complex, which is excreted in the feces, resulting in decreased serum phosphorus concentration.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Orally administered Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate from pharmaceutical dosage forms is systemically absorbed up to approximately 40% under fasting conditions and up to approximately 30% under nonfasting conditions. This range represents data from both healthy subjects and renal dialysis patients under various conditions.

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13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or fertility studies have been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Effectiveness of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate in decreasing serum phosphorus has been demonstrated in two studies of the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate solid oral dosage form.

Ninety-one patients with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis and were hyperphosphatemic (serum phosphorus >5.5 mg/dL) following a 1 week phosphate binder washout period contributed efficacy data to an open-label, non-randomized study.

The patients received Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate 667 mg tablets at each meal for a period of 12 weeks. The initial starting dose was 2 tablets per meal for 3 meals a day, and the dose was adjusted as necessary to control serum phosphorus levels. The average final dose after 12 weeks of treatment was 3.4 tablets per meal. Although there was a decrease in serum phosphorus, in the absence of a control group the true magnitude of effect is uncertain.

The data presented in Table 2 demonstrate the efficacy of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease patients. The effects on serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) levels are also presented.


* Ninety-one patients completed at least 6 weeks of the study.

ANOVA of difference in values at pre-study and study completion.

‡ Values expressed as mean ± SE.


Parameter


Pre-Study


Week 4*


Week 8


Week 12


p-value†


Phosphorus (mg/dL)‡


7.4 ± 0.17


5.9 ± 0.16


5.6 ± 0.17


5.2 ± 0.17


≤0.01


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) (mg/dL)‡


8.9 ± 0.09


9.5 ± 0.10


9.7 ± 0.10


9.7 ± 0.10


≤0.01


There was a 30% decrease in serum phosphorus levels during the 12 week study period (p<0.01). Two-thirds of the decline occurred in the first month of the study. Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) increased 9% during the study mostly in the first month of the study.

Treatment with the phosphate binder was discontinued for patients from the open-label study, and those patients whose serum phosphorus exceeded 5.5 mg/dL were eligible for entry into a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Patients were randomized to receive Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate or placebo, and each continued to receive the same number of tablets as had been individually established during the previous study. Following 2 weeks of treatment, patients switched to the alternative therapy for an additional 2 weeks.

The phosphate binding effect of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate is shown in the Table 3.


* ANOVA of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate vs. placebo after 2 weeks of treatment.

Values expressed as mean ± SEM.


Parameter


Pre-Study


Post-Treatment


p-value*


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) Acetate


Placebo


Phosphorus (mg/dL)


7.3 ± 0.18


5.9 ± 0.24


7.8 ± 0.22


<0.01


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) (mg/dL)


8.9 ± 0.11


9.5 ± 0.13


8.8 ± 0.12


<0.01


Overall, 2 weeks of treatment with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate statistically significantly (p<0.01) decreased serum phosphorus by a mean of 19% and increased serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) by a statistically significant (p<0.01) but clinically unimportant mean of 7%.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) Acetate Capsules

667 mg capsule is supplied as a white opaque/blue opaque capsule, imprinted with “54 215” on the cap and body.

NDC 0615-2303-39: Blistercards of 30 Capsules

NDC 0615-2303-30: Unit-dose Boxes of 30 Capsules

STORAGE

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Inform patients to take Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate capsules with meals, adhere to their prescribed diets, and avoid the use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) supplements including nonprescription antacids. Inform the patients about the symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) and Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].

Advise patients who are taking an oral medication where reduction in the bioavailability of that medication would have clinically significant effect on its safety or efficacy to take the drug one hour before or three hours after Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Calcium (Calcium Phosphate)) acetate capsules.

Distr. by: West-Ward

Pharmaceuticals Corp.

Eatontown, NJ 07724

10003705/05

Revised April 2016

Copper (Copper Sulfate):



Water-Resistant Protection Without Bandaging

Recommended as an Aid in Treating Horses and Ponies With Thrush Due to Organisms Susceptible to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate)) Naphthenate.

For Animal Use Only.

INDICATIONS:

ThrushTox® is indicated in the treatment of thrush in horses and ponies.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS:

Clean the hoof thoroughly, removing debris and necrotic material prior to application of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate))®. Apply daily to affected hoofs with a narrow paint brush (about 1”) until fully healed. Caution: Do not allow runoff of excess Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® onto hair since contact with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® may cause some hair loss. Do not contaminate feed.

NOTE: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate))® is easily removed from hands, clothing and surfaces with light grade fuel oil or any type of lighter fluid.

CONTAINS FOIL SEAL – REMOVE BEFORE USE.

SHAKE WELL BEFORE USE.

To report suspected adverse reactions or to obtain technical assistance, call 1-800-650-4899.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Copper (Copper Sulfate)) Naphthenate...37.5% w/w

INACTIVE INGREDIENTS:

Inert Ingredients...62.5% w/w

Total... 100.0%

CAUTION:

Do not use in horses intended for human consumption.

CAUTION: COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURE.

Use in a well-ventilated place. Avoid fire, flame, sparks or heaters.

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call physician immediately. Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN AND PETS.

STORAGE:

Store at controlled room temperature 15º to 30ºC (59º to 86ºF). Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Manufactured for:

Aspen Veterinary Resources,® Ltd.

Liberty, MO 64068, USA

FC163FP 11/13

Manufactured by:

First Priority, Inc.

Elgin, IL 60123-1146, USA

NET CONTENTS:

16 OZ (473 mL)

ANADA 200-304, Approved by FDA

Image of 473 mL bottle/case label

Folic Acid:


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid)® is a prescription iron supplement indicated for use in improving the nutritional status of iron deficiency.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This product is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients. Hemochromatosis and hemosiderosis are contraindications to iron therapy.

WARNING: Accidental overdose of iron-containing products is a leading cause of fatal poisoning in children under 6. Keep this product out of reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, call a doctor or poison control center immediately.

PRECAUTIONS

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid) acid when administered as a single agent in doses above 0.1 mg daily may obscure pernicious anemia in that hematological remission can occur while neurological manifestations remain progressive. While prescribing this nutritional supplement for pregnant women, nursing mothers, or for women prior to conception, their medical condition and other drugs, herbs, and/or supplements consumption should be considered.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Allergic sensitization has been reported following both oral and parenteral administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid) acid.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

One tablet daily with or without food or as prescribed by a licensed healthcare provider with prescribing authority.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid)® tablets are supplied in child-resistant bottles of 90 tablets (NDC 0037-6885-90)

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

STORAGE

Store at controlled room temperature 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). Excursions permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container to protect from light and moisture.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-888-349-5556 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch

Distributed by:

Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Somerset New Jersey 08873-4120

© 2014 Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

U.S. Patent Nos. 7,585,527 and 8,080,520

Proferrin® is a registered trademark of Colorado BioLabs, Inc., Cozad, NE.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid) and the BIFERA logo are registered trademarks and the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Folic Acid) logo is a trademark of Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC, used under license by Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc.

MEDA PHARMACEUTICALS mark and logo are trademarks of Meda AB.

IN-6885-02 Rev 6/2014

Iron (Ferrous Fumarate):


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is indicated for the treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is an Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement product indicated for the treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) must only be administered intravenously either by slow injection or by infusion. The dosage of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is expressed in mg of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Each mL contains 20 mg of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)).

Population Dose
Adult patients Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD) (2.1) 100 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (NDD-CKD) (2.2) 200 mg slow intravenous injection or infusion
Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (PDD-CKD) (2.3) 300 mg or 400 mg intravenous infusion
Pediatric patients HDD-CKD (2.4), PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD (2.5) 0.5 mg/kg slow intravenous injection or infusion

2.1 Adult Patients with Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD-CKD)

Administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 100 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes, or as an infusion of 100 mg diluted in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of at least 15 minutes, per consecutive hemodialysis session. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) should be administered early during the dialysis session. The usual total treatment course of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is 1000 mg. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.2 Adult Patients with Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 200 mg undiluted as a slow intravenous injection over 2 to 5 minutes or as an infusion of 200 mg in a maximum of 100 mL of 0.9% NaCl over a period of 15 minutes. Administer on 5 different occasions over a 14 day period. There is limited experience with administration of an infusion of 500 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), diluted in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl, over a period of 3.5 to 4 hours on Day 1 and Day 14. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.3 Adult Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 3 divided doses, given by slow intravenous infusion, within a 28 day period: 2 infusions each of 300 mg over 1.5 hours 14 days apart followed by one 400 mg infusion over 2.5 hours 14 days later. Dilute Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in a maximum of 250 mL of 0.9% NaCl. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency reoccurs.

2.4 Pediatric Patients with HDD-CKD for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with HDD-CKD has not been established.

For Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every two weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

2.5 Pediatric Patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD who are on erythropoietin therapy for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment

The dosing for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with NDD-CKD or PDD-CKD has not been established.

For Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment: Administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, not to exceed 100 mg per dose, every four weeks for 12 weeks given undiluted by slow intravenous injection over 5 minutes or diluted in 25 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administered over 5 to 60 minutes. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment may be repeated if necessary.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL)
  • 10 mL single-use vial / 200 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 5 mL single-use vial / 100 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)
  • 2.5 mL single-use vial / 50 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL) (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

  • Known hypersensitivity to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))
  • Known hypersensitivity to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (4)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Observe for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of each administration. Only administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. (5.1)
  • Hypotension: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may cause hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension during and following each administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). (5.2)
  • Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Overload: Regularly monitor hematologic responses during Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) therapy. Do not administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload. (5.3)

5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic-type reactions, some of which have been life-threatening and fatal, have been reported in patients receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Patients may present with shock, clinically significant hypotension, loss of consciousness, and/or collapse. If hypersensitivity reactions or signs of intolerance occur during administration, stop Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) immediately. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity during and after Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration for at least 30 minutes and until clinically stable following completion of the infusion. Only administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) when personnel and therapies are immediately available for the treatment of serious hypersensitivity reactions. Most reactions associated with intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) preparations occur within 30 minutes of the completion of the infusion .

5.2 Hypotension

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) may cause clinically significant hypotension. Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypotension following each administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Hypotension following administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may be related to the rate of administration and/or total dose administered .

5.3 Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Overload

Excessive therapy with parenteral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) can lead to excess storage of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) with the possibility of iatrogenic hemosiderosis. All adult and pediatric patients receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) require periodic monitoring of hematologic and Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation). Do not administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with evidence of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) values increase rapidly after intravenous administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose; do not perform serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) measurements for at least 48 hours after intravenous dosing .

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions associated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) are described in other sections .

  • The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) following the administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, hypotension, pruritus, pain in extremity, arthralgia, back pain, muscle cramp, injection site reactions, chest pain, and peripheral edema. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact American Regent, Inc. at 1-800-734-9236 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Adverse Reactions in Clinical Trials

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

Adverse Reactions in Adults Patients with CKD

Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with CKD

The frequency of adverse reactions associated with the use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) has been documented in six clinical trials involving 231 patients with HDD-CKD, 139 patients with NDD-CKD and 75 patients with PDD-CKD. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions reported by ≥ 2% of treated patients in the six clinical trials for which the rate for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) exceeds the rate for comparator are listed by indication in Table 1. Patients with HDD-CKD received 100 mg doses at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions until a cumulative dose of 1000 mg was administered. Patients with NDD-CKD received either 5 doses of 200 mg over 2 weeks or 2 doses of 500 mg separated by fourteen days, and patients with PDD-CKD received 2 doses of 300 mg followed by a dose of 400 mg over a period of 4 weeks.


* EPO=Erythropoietin

Adverse Reactions

(Preferred Term)

HDD-CKD NDD-CKD PDD-CKD
Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) EPO* Only
(N=231) (N=139) (N=139) (N=75) (N=46)
% % % % %
Subjects with any adverse reaction 78.8 76.3 73.4 72.0 65.2
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Ear Pain 0 2.2 0.7 0 0
Eye Disorders
Conjunctivitis 0.4 0 0 2.7 0
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Abdominal pain 3.5 1.4 2.9 4.0 6.5
Diarrhea 5.2 7.2 10.1 8.0 4.3
Dysgeusia 0.9 7.9 0 0 0
Nausea 14.7 8.6 12.2 5.3 4.3
Vomiting 9.1 5.0 8.6 8.0 2.2
General Disorders and
Administration Site Conditions
Asthenia 2.2 0.7 2.2 2.7 0
Chest pain 6.1 1.4 0 2.7 0
Feeling abnormal 3.0 0 0 0 0
Infusion site pain or burning 0 5.8 0 0 0
Injection site extravasation 0 2.2 0 0 0
Peripheral edema 2.6 7.2 5.0 5.3 10.9
Pyrexia 3.0 0.7 0.7 1.3 0
Infections and Infestations
Nasopharyngitis, Sinusitis, Upper

respiratory tract infections, Pharyngitis

2.6 2.2 4.3 16.0 4.3
Injury, Poisoning and Procedural
Complications
Graft complication 9.5 1.4 0 0 0
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Fluid overload 3.0 1.4 0.7 1.3 0
Gout 0 2.9 1.4 0 0
Hyperglycemia 0 2.9 0 0 2.2
Hypoglycemia 0.4 0.7 0.7 4.0 0
Musculoskeletal and Connective
Tissue Disorders
Arthralgia 3.5 1.4 2.2 4.0 4.3
Back pain 2.2 2.2 3.6 1.3 4.3
Muscle cramp 29.4 0.7 0.7 2.7 0
Myalgia 0 3.6 0 1.3 0
Pain in extremity 5.6 4.3 0 2.7 6.5
Nervous System Disorders
Dizziness 6.5 6.5 1.4 1.3 4.3
Headache 12.6 2.9 0.7 4.0 0
Respiratory, Thoracic and
Mediastinal Disorders
Cough 3.0 2.2 0.7 1.3 0
Dyspnea 3.5 5.8 1.4 1.3 2.2
Nasal congestion 0 1.4 2.2 1.3 0
Skin and Subcutaneous
Tissue Disorders
Pruritus 3.9 2.2 4.3 2.7 0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 6.5 6.5 4.3 8.0 6.5
Hypotension 39.4 2.2 0.7 2.7 2.2

One hundred thirty (11%) of the 1,151 patients evaluated in the 4 U.S. trials in HDD-CKD patients (studies A, B and the two post marketing studies) had prior other intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) therapy and were reported to be intolerant (defined as precluding further use of that Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) product). When these patients were treated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) there were no occurrences of adverse reactions that precluded further use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) .

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with CKD (ages 2 years and older)

In a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging trial for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in pediatric patients with CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy , at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction was experienced by 57% (27/47) of the patients receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 53% (25/47) of the patients receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 1.0 mg/kg, and 55% (26/47) of the patients receiving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 2.0 mg/kg.

A total of 5 (11%) subjects in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg group, 10 (21%) patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 1.0 mg/kg group, and 10 (21%) patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 2.0 mg/kg group experienced at least 1 serious adverse reaction during the study. The most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions (> 2% of patients) in all patients were headache (6%), respiratory tract viral infection (4%), peritonitis (4%), vomiting (4%), pyrexia (4%), dizziness (4%), cough (4%), renal transplant (4%), nausea (3%), arteriovenous fistula thrombosis (2%), hypotension (2%), and hypertension (2.1%).

6.2 Adverse Reactions from Post-Marketing Experience

Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

In the post-marketing safety studies in 1,051 treated patients with HDD-CKD, the adverse reactions reported by > 1% were: cardiac failure congestive, sepsis and dysgeusia.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: Anaphylactic-type reactions, shock, loss of consciousness, collapse, bronchospasm, dyspnea, convulsions, light-headedness, confusion, angioedema, swelling of the joints, hyperhidrosis, back pain, bradycardia, and chromaturia.

Symptoms associated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) total dosage or infusing too rapidly included hypotension, dyspnea, headache, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, joint aches, paresthesia, abdominal and muscle pain, edema, and cardiovascular collapse. These adverse reactions have occurred up to 30 minutes after the administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) injection. Reactions have occurred following the first dose or subsequent doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Symptoms may respond to intravenous fluids, hydrocortisone, and/or antihistamines. Slowing the infusion rate may alleviate symptoms.

Injection site discoloration has been reported following extravasation. Assure stable intravenous access to avoid extravasation.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Drug interactions involving Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) have not been studied. However, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may reduce the absorption of concomitantly administered oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) preparations.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category B

Pregnancy Category B

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. In animal reproduction studies, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) sucrose was administered intravenously to rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 13 mg/kg/day of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (half or equivalent to the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, respectively) and revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus due to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human response, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is excreted in human milk. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is secreted into the milk of lactating rats. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD have not been established.

Safety and effectiveness of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD receiving erythropoietin therapy were studied. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg was administered. All three doses maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL in about 50% of subjects over the 12-week treatment period with stable EPO dosing. [See Clinical Studies (14.6)]

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) has not been studied in patients younger than 2 years of age.

In a country where Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is available for use in children, at a single site, five premature infants (weight less than 1,250 g) developed necrotizing enterocolitis and two of the five died during or following a period when they received Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), several other medications and erythropoietin. Necrotizing enterocolitis may be a complication of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. No causal relationship to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) or any other drugs could be established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Of the 1,051 patients in two post-marketing safety studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), 40% were 65 years and older. No overall differences in safety were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. In general, dose administration to an elderly patient should be cautious, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

10 OVERDOSAGE

No data are available regarding overdosage of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in humans. Excessive dosages of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) may lead to accumulation of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in storage sites potentially leading to hemosiderosis. Do not administer Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) overload.

Toxicities in single-dose studies in mice and rats, at intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose doses up to 8 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area, included sedation, hypoactivity, pale eyes, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, and mortality.

11 DESCRIPTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (iron sucrose injection, USP), an Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) replacement product, is a brown, sterile, aqueous, complex of polynuclear Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose for intravenous use. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose injection has a molecular weight of approximately 34,000 to 60,000 daltons and a proposed structural formula:

[Na2Fe5O8(OH) ·3(H2O)]n ·m(C12H22O11)

where: n is the degree of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide.

Each mL contains 20 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose in water for injection. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is available in 10 mL single-use vials (200 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 10 mL), 5 mL single-use vials (100 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 5 mL), and 2.5 mL single-use vials (50 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per 2.5 mL). The drug product contains approximately 30% sucrose w/v (300 mg/mL) and has a pH of 10.5 to 11.1. The product contains no preservatives. The osmolarity of the injection is 1,250 mOsmol/L.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) is an aqueous complex of poly-nuclear Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (III)-hydroxide in sucrose. Following intravenous administration, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is dissociated into Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose and the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is transported as a complex with transferrin to target cells including erythroid precursor cells. The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in the precursor cells is incorporated into hemoglobin as the cells mature into red blood cells.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following intravenous administration, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is dissociated into Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose. In 22 patients undergoing hemodialysis and receiving erythropoietin (recombinant human erythropoietin) therapy treated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose containing 100 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), three times weekly for three weeks, significant increases in serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and serum ferritin and significant decreases in total Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) binding capacity occurred four weeks from the initiation of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose treatment.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

In healthy adults administered intravenous doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ), its Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) component exhibited first order kinetics with an elimination half-life of 6 h, total clearance of 1.2 L/h, and steady state apparent volume of distribution of 7.9 L. The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) component appeared to distribute mainly in blood and to some extent in extravascular fluid. A study evaluating Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) containing 100 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) labeled with 52Fe/59Fe in patients with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency showed that a significant amount of the administered Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow and that the bone marrow is an irreversible Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) trapping compartment.

Following intravenous administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose is dissociated into Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) and sucrose. The sucrose component is eliminated mainly by urinary excretion. In a study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) containing 1,510 mg of sucrose and 100 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 12 healthy adults (9 female, 3 male: age range 32 to 52), 68.3% of the sucrose was eliminated in urine in 4 h and 75.4% in 24 h. Some Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was also eliminated in the urine. Neither transferrin nor transferrin receptor levels changed immediately after the dose administration. In this study and another study evaluating a single intravenous dose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose containing 500 to 700 mg of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 26 patients with anemia on erythropoietin therapy (23 female, 3 male; age range 16 to 60), approximately 5% of the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was eliminated in urine in 24 h at each dose level. The effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) have not been studied.

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients

In a single-dose PK study of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), patients with NDD-CDK ages 12 to 16 (N=11) received intravenous bolus doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) at 7 mg/kg (maximum 200 mg) administered over 5 minutes. Following single dose Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), the half-life of total serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was 8 hours. The mean Cmax and AUC values were 8545 μg/dl and 31305 hr-μg/dL, respectively, which were 1.42- and 1.67-fold higher than dose adjusted adult Cmax and AUC values.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is not dialyzable through CA210 (Baxter) High Efficiency or Fresenius F80A High Flux dialysis membranes. In in vitro studies, the amount of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose in the dialysate fluid was below the levels of detection of the assay (less than 2 parts per million).

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been performed with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose was not mutagenic in vitro in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) or the mouse lymphoma assay. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human lymphocytes or in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) sucrose at intravenous doses up to 15 mg/kg/day of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (1.2 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) had no effect on fertility and reproductive function of male and female rats.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

Five clinical trials involving 647 adult patients and one clinical trial involving 131 pediatric patients were conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ).

14.1 Study A: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease (HDD–CKD)

Study A was a multicenter, open-label, historically-controlled study in 101 patients with HDD-CKD (77 patients with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment and 24 in the historical control group) with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency anemia. Eligibility criteria for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treatment included patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, receiving erythropoietin, hemoglobin level between 8.0 and 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation < 20%, and serum ferritin < 300 ng/mL. The mean age of the patients was 65 years with the age range of 31 to 85 years. Of the 77 patients, 44 (57%) were male and 33 (43%) were female.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 100 mg was administered at 10 consecutive dialysis sessions either as slow injection or a slow infusion. The historical control population consisted of 24 patients with similar ferritin levels as patients treated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), who were off intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) for at least 2 weeks and who had received erythropoietin therapy with hematocrit averaging 31 to 36 for at least two months prior to study entry. The mean age of patients in the historical control group was 56 years, with an age range of 29 to 80 years. Patient age and serum ferritin level were similar between treatment and historical control patients.

Patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) treated population showed a greater increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit than did patients in the historical control population. See Table 2.


**p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 compared to historical control from ANCOVA analysis with baseline hemoglobin, serum ferritin and erythropoietin dose as covariates.


Efficacy

parameters

End of treatment 2 week follow-up 5 week follow-up
Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (n=69 Historical Control (n=18) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))

(n=73)

Historical Control

(n=18)

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))

(n=71)

Historical

Control

(n=15)

Hemoglobin (g/dL) 1.0 ± 0.12** 0.0 ± 0.21 1.3 ± 0.14** -0.6 ± 0.24 1.2 ± 0.17* -0.1 ± 0.23
Hematocrit (%) 3.1 ± 0.37** -0.3 ± 0.65 3.6 ± 0.44** -1.2 ± 0.76 3.3 ± 0.54 0.2 ± 0.86

Serum ferritin increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (165.3 ± 24.2 ng/mL) compared to the historical control population (-27.6 ± 9.5 ng/mL). Transferrin saturation also increased at endpoint of study from baseline in the Venofer-treated population (8.8 ± 1.6%) compared to this historical control population (-5.1 ± 4.3%).

14.2 Study B: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study B was a multicenter, open label study of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in 23 patients with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) deficiency and HDD-CKD who had been discontinued from Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) dextran due to intolerance. Eligibility criteria were otherwise identical to Study A. The mean age of the patients in this study was 53 years, with ages ranging from 21 to 79 years. Of the 23 patients enrolled in the study, 10 (44%) were male and 13 (56%) were female.

All 23 enrolled patients were evaluated for efficacy. Increases in mean hemoglobin (1.1 ± 0.2 g/dL), hematocrit (3.6 ± 0.6%), serum ferritin (266.3 ± 30.3 ng/mL) and transferrin saturation (8.7 ± 2.0%) were observed from baseline to end of treatment.

14.3 Study C: Hemodialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study C was a multicenter, open-label study in patients with HDD-CKD. This study enrolled patients with a hemoglobin ≤ 10 g/dL, a serum transferrin saturation ≤ 20%, and a serum ferritin ≤ 200 ng/mL, who were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis 2 to 3 times weekly. The mean age of the patients enrolled in this study was 41 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 70 years. Of 130 patients evaluated for efficacy in this study, 68 (52%) were male and 62 (48%) were female. Forty-eight percent of the patients had previously been treated with oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)). Exclusion criteria were similar to those in studies A and B. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was administered in doses of 100 mg during sequential dialysis sessions until a pre-determined (calculated) total dose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) was administered. A 50 mg dose (2.5 mL) was given to patients within two weeks of study entry as a test dose. Twenty-seven patients (20%) were receiving erythropoietin treatment at study entry and they continued to receive the same erythropoietin dose for the duration of the study.

The modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population consisted of 131 patients. Increases from baseline in mean hemoglobin (1.7 g/dL), hematocrit (5%), serum ferritin (434.6 ng/mL), and serum transferrin saturation (14%) were observed at week 2 of the observation period and these values remained increased at week 4 of the observation period.

14.4 Study D: Non-Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study D was a randomized, open-label, multicenter, active-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) versus Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) in patients with NDD-CKD with or without erythropoietin therapy. Erythropoietin therapy was stable for 8 weeks prior to randomization. In the study 188 patients with NDD-CKD, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.0 g/dL, transferrin saturation ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 300 ng/mL were randomized to receive oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (325 mg ferrous sulfate three times daily for 56 days); or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (either 200 mg over 2 to 5 minutes 5 times within 14 days or two 500 mg infusions on Day 1 and Day 14, administered over 3.5 to 4 hours). The mean age of the 91 treated patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) group was 61.6 years (range 25 to 86 years) and 64 years (range 21 to 86 years) for the 91 patients in the oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) group.

A statistically significantly greater proportion of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) subjects (35/79; 44.3%) compared to oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) subjects (23/82; 28%) had an increase in hemoglobin ≥ 1 g/dL at anytime during the study (p = 0.03).

14.5 Study E: Peritoneal Dialysis Dependent-Chronic Kidney Disease

Study E was a randomized, open-label, multicenter study comparing patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin and intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) to patients with PDD-CKD receiving an erythropoietin alone without Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) supplementation. Patients with PDD-CKD, stable erythropoietin for 8 weeks, hemoglobin of ≤ 11.5 g/dL, TSAT ≤ 25%, ferritin ≤ 500 ng/mL were randomized to receive either no Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (300 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 1.5 hours on Day 1 and 15 and 400 mg in 250 mL 0.9% NaCl over 2.5 hours on Day 29). The mean age of the 75 treated patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin group was 51.9 years (range 21 to 81 years) vs. 52.8 years (range 23 to 77 years) for 46 patients in the erythropoietin alone group.

Patients in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin group had statistically significantly greater mean change from baseline to the highest hemoglobin value (1.3 g/dL), compared to subjects who received erythropoietin alone (0.6 g/dL) (p < 0.01). A greater proportion of subjects treated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) / erythropoietin (59.1 %) had an increase in hemoglobin of ≥ 1 g/dL at any time during the study compared to the subjects who received erythropoietin only (33.3%).

14.6 Study F: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) Maintenance Treatment Dosing in Pediatric Patients Ages 2 years and Older with Chronic Kidney Disease

Study F was a randomized, open-label, dose-ranging study for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) maintenance treatment in pediatric patients with dialysis-dependent or non-dialysis-dependent CKD on stable erythropoietin therapy. The study randomized patients to one of three doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg). The mean age was 13 years (range 2 to 20 years). Over 70% of patients were 12 years or older in all three groups. There were 84 males and 61 females. About 60% of patients underwent hemodialysis and 25% underwent peritoneal dialysis in all three dose groups. At baseline, the mean hemoglobin was 12 g/dL, the mean TSAT was 33% and the mean ferritin was 300 ng/mL. Patients with HDD-CKD received Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) once every other week for 6 doses. Patients with PDD-CKD or NDD-CKD received Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) once every 4 weeks for 3 doses. Among 131 evaluable patients with stable erythropoietin dosing, the proportion of patients who maintained hemoglobin between 10.5 g/dL and 14.0 g/dL during the 12-week treatment period was 58.7%, 46.7%, and 45.0% in the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, and 2.0 mg/kg groups, respectively. A dose-response relationship was not demonstrated.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/storage and handling

16.1 How Supplied

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) is supplied sterile in 10 mL, 5 mL, and 2.5 mL single-use vials. Each 10 mL vial contains 200 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), each 5 mL vial contains 100 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), and each 2.5 mL vial contains 50 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) (20 mg/mL).

NDC-0517-2310-05 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 5
NDC-0517-2310-10 200 mg/10 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-01 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Individually Boxed
NDC-0517-2340-10 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2340-25 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25
NDC-0517-2340-99 100 mg/5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-10 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 10
NDC-0517-2325-25 50 mg/2.5 mL Single-Use Vial Packages of 25

16.2 Stability and Storage

Contains no preservatives. Store in original carton at 20°C to 25°C (68° F to 77° F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).. Do not freeze.

Syringe Stability: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), when diluted with 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 2 mg to 10 mg of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL, or undiluted (20 mg elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL) and stored in a plastic syringe, was found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) and under refrigeration (4°C ± 2°C).

Intravenous Admixture Stability: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)), when added to intravenous infusion bags (PVC or non-PVC) containing 0.9% NaCl at concentrations ranging from 1 mg to 2 mg of elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) per mL, has been found to be physically and chemically stable for 7 days at controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C).

Do not dilute to concentrations below 1 mg/mL.

Do not mix Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) with other medications or add to parenteral nutrition solutions for intravenous infusion.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to infusion.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Prior to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration:

  • Question patients regarding any prior history of reactions to parenteral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) products
  • Advise patients of the risks associated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate))
  • Advise patients to report any symptoms of hypersensitivity that may develop during and following Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) administration, such as rash, itching, dizziness, light-headedness, swelling, and breathing problems [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Iron (Ferrous Fumarate)) is manufactured under license from Vifor (International) Inc., Switzerland.

PremierProRx® is a trademark of Premier, Inc., used under license.

PREMIERProRx®

IN2340

MG #15727

Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide):



Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate

Injection, USP

Ansyr Plastic Syringe

Rx only

Hospira Logo

DESCRIPTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is a sterile solution of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate heptahydrate in Water for Injection, USP administered by the intravenous or intramuscular routes as an electrolyte replenisher or anticonvulsant. Must be diluted before intravenous use. May contain sulfuric acid and/or sodium hydroxide for pH adjustment. The pH is 5.5 to 7.0. The 50% concentration has an osmolarity of 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

The solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except for pH adjustment) and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded with the entire unit.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate, USP heptahydrate is chemically designated MgSO4 - 7H2O with molecular weight of 246.48 and occurs as colorless crystals or white powder freely soluble in water.

The plastic syringe is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates from inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of the syringe material.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (Mg++) is an important cofactor for enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability.

As a nutritional adjunct in hyperalimentation, the precise mechanism of action for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is uncertain. Early symptoms of hypomagnesemia (less than 1.5 mEq/liter) may develop as early as three to four days or within weeks.

Predominant deficiency effects are neurological, e.g., muscle irritability, clonic twitching and tremors. Hypocalcemia and hypokalemia often follow low serum levels of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). While there are large stores of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) present intracellularly and in the bones of adults, these stores often are not mobilized sufficiently to maintain plasma levels. Parenteral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) therapy repairs the plasma deficit and causes deficiency symptoms and signs to cease.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) prevents or controls convulsions by blocking neuromuscular transmission and decreasing the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is said to have a depressant effect on the central nervous system (CNS), but it does not adversely affect the woman, fetus or neonate when used as directed in eclampsia or pre-eclampsia. Normal plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels range from 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter.

As plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) rises above 4 mEq/liter, the deep tendon reflexes are first decreased and then disappear as the plasma level approaches 10 mEq/liter. At this level respiratory paralysis may occur. Heart block also may occur at this or lower plasma levels of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) concentrations in excess of 12 mEq/L may be fatal.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) acts peripherally to produce vasodilation. With low doses only flushing and sweating occur, but larger doses cause lowering of blood pressure. The central and peripheral effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) poisoning are antagonized to some extent by intravenous administration of calcium.

Pharmacokinetics

With intravenous administration the onset of anticonvulsant action is immediate and lasts about 30 minutes. Following intramuscular administration the onset of action occurs in about one hour and persists for three to four hours. Effective anticonvulsant serum levels range from 2.5 to 7.5 mEq/liter. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is excreted solely by the kidneys at a rate proportional to the plasma concentration and glomerular filtration.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is suitable for replacement therapy in Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia. In such cases, the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (Mg++) level is usually below the lower limit of normal (1.5 to 2.5 mEq/liter) and the serum calcium (Ca++) level is normal (4.3 to 5.3 mEq/liter) or elevated.

In total parenteral nutrition (TPN), Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate may be added to the nutrient admixture to correct or prevent hypomagnesemia which can arise during the course of therapy.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is also indicated for the prevention and control of seizures (convulsions) in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Parenteral administration of the drug is contraindicated in patients with heart block or myocardial damage.

WARNINGS

FETAL HARM: Continuous administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women can lead to hypocalcemia and bone abnormalities in the developing fetus. These bone abnormalities include skeletal demineralization and osteopenia. In addition, cases of neonatal fracture have been reported. The shortest duration of treatment that can lead to fetal harm is not known. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is given for treatment of preterm labor, the woman should be informed that the efficacy and safety of such use have not been established and that use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate beyond 5 to 7 days may cause fetal abnormalities.

ALUMINUM TOXICITY: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Parenteral use in the presence of renal insufficiency may lead to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. Intravenous use in the eclampsia should be reserved for immediate control of life-threatening convulsions.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Administer with caution if flushing and sweating occurs. When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics) are to be given in conjunction with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)).

Because Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is removed from the body solely by the kidneys, the drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment. Urine output should be maintained at a level of 100 mL or more during the four hours preceding each dose. Monitoring serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels and the patient's clinical status is essential to avoid the consequences of overdosage in toxemia. Clinical indications of a safe dosage regimen include the presence of the patellar reflex (knee jerk) and absence of respiratory depression (approximately 16 breaths or more/minute). When repeated doses of the drug are given parenterally, knee jerk reflexes should be tested before each dose and if they are absent, no additional Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be given until they return. Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels usually sufficient to control convulsions range from 3 to 6 mg/100 mL (2.5 to 5 mEq/liter). The strength of the deep tendon reflexes begins to diminish when Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) levels exceed 4 mEq/liter. Reflexes may be absent at 10 mEq magnesium/liter, where respiratory paralysis is a potential hazard. An injectable calcium salt should be immediately available to counteract the potential hazards of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication in eclampsia.

50% Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to intravenous infusion. Rate of administration should be slow and cautious, to avoid producing hypermagnesemia. The 50% solution also should be diluted to 20% or less for intramuscular injection in infants and children.

Laboratory Tests

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate injection should not be given unless hypomagnesemia has been confirmed and the serum concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is monitored. The normal serum level is 1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L.

Drug Interactions

CNS Depressants - When barbiturates, narcotics or other hypnotics (or systemic anesthetics), or other CNS depressants are to be given in conjunction with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)), their dosage should be adjusted with caution because of additive CNS depressant effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)). CNS depression and peripheral transmission defects produced by Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) may be antagonized by calcium.

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents - Excessive neuromuscular block has occurred in patients receiving parenteral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate and a neuromuscular blocking agent; these drugs should be administered concomitantly with caution.

Cardiac Glycosides - Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate should be administered with extreme caution in digitalized patients, because serious changes in cardiac conduction which can result in heart block may occur if administration of calcium is required to treat Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category D (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS )

See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate can cause fetal abnormalities when administered beyond 5 to 7 days to pregnant women. There are retrospective epidemiological studies and case reports documenting fetal abnormalities such as hypocalcemia, skeletal demineralization, osteopenia and other skeletal abnormalities with continuous maternal administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate for more than 5 to 7 days.1-10 Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate injection should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. If this drug is used during pregnancy, the woman should be apprised of the potential harm to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic Effects

When administered by continuous intravenous infusion (especially for more than 24 hours preceding delivery) to control convulsions in a toxemic woman, the newborn may show signs of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity, including neuromuscular or respiratory depression (See OVERDOSAGE ).

Labor and Delivery

Continuous administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is an unapproved treatment for preterm labor. The safety and efficacy of such use have not been established. The administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate outside of its approved indication in pregnant women should be by trained obstetrical personnel in a hospital setting with appropriate obstetrical care facilities.

Nursing Mothers

Since Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) is distributed into milk during parenteral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate administration, the drug should be used with caution in nursing women.

Geriatrics

Geriatric patients often require reduced dosage because of impaired renal function. In patients with severe impairment, dosage should not exceed 20 grams in 48 hours. Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be monitored in such patients.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The adverse effects of parenterally administered Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) usually are the result of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. These include flushing, sweating, hypotension, depressed reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, cardiac and central nervous system depression proceeding to respiratory paralysis. Hypocalcemia with signs of tetany secondary to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate therapy for eclampsia has been reported.

OVERDOSAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication is manifested by a sharp drop in blood pressure and respiratory paralysis. Disappearance of the patellar reflex is a useful clinical sign to detect the onset of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) intoxication. In the event of overdosage, artificial ventilation must be provided until a calcium salt can be injected intravenously to antagonize the effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)).

For Treatment of Overdose

Artificial respiration is often required. Intravenous calcium, 10 to 20 mL of a 5% solution (diluted if desirable with isotonic sodium chloride for injection) is used to counteract effects of hypermagnesemia. Subcutaneous physostigmine, 0.5 to 1 mg may be helpful.

Hypermagnesemia in the newborn may require resuscitation and assisted ventilation via endotracheal intubation or intermittent positive pressure ventilation as well as intravenous calcium.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate must be carefully adjusted according to individual requirements and response, and administration of the drug should be discontinued as soon as the desired effect is obtained.

Both intravenous and intramuscular administration are appropriate. Intramuscular administration of the undiluted 50% solution results in therapeutic plasma levels in 60 minutes, whereas intravenous doses will provide a therapeutic level almost immediately. The rate of intravenous injection should generally not exceed 150 mg/minute (1.5 mL of a 10% concentration or its equivalent), except in severe eclampsia with seizures. Continuous maternal administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Solutions for intravenous infusion must be diluted to a concentration of 20% or less prior to administration. The diluents commonly used are 5% Dextrose Injection, USP and 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Deep intramuscular injection of the undiluted (50%) solution is appropriate for adults, but the solution should be diluted to a 20% or less concentration prior to such injection in children.

In Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Deficiency

In the treatment of mild Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) deficiency, the usual adult dose is 1 gram, equivalent to 8.12 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) (2 mL of the 50% solution) injected intramuscularly every six hours for four doses (equivalent to a total of 32.5 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) per 24 hours). For severe hypomagnesemia, as much as 250 mg (approximately 2 mEq) per kg of body weight (0.5 mL of the 50% solution) may be given intramuscularly within a period of four hours if necessary. Alternatively, 5 grams, (approximately 40 mEq) can be added to one liter of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP for slow intravenous infusion over a three-hour period. In the treatment of deficiency states, caution must be observed to prevent exceeding the renal excretory capacity.

In Hyperalimentation

In total parenteral nutrition, maintenance requirements for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) are not precisely known. The maintenance dose used in adults ranges from 8 to 24 mEq (1 gram to 3 grams) daily; for infants, the range is 2 to 10 mEq (0.25 gram to 1.25 grams) daily.

In Pre-eclampsia or Eclampsia

In severe pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, the total initial dose is 10 grams to 14 grams of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate. Intravenously, a dose of 4 grams to 5 grams in 250 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP or 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP may be infused. Simultaneously, intramuscular doses of up to 10 grams (5 grams or 10 mL of the undiluted 50% solution in each buttock) are given. Alternatively, the initial intravenous dose of 4 grams may be given by diluting the 50% solution to a 10 or 20% concentration; the diluted fluid (40 mL of a 10% solution or 20 mL of a 20% solution) may then be injected intravenously over a period of three to four minutes. Subsequently, 4 grams to 5 grams (8 to 10 mL of the 50% solution) are injected intramuscularly into alternate buttocks every four hours as needed, depending on the continuing presence of the patellar reflex and adequate respiratory function. Alternatively, after the initial intravenous dose, some clinicians administer 1 gram to 2 grams/hour by constant intravenous infusion. Therapy should continue until paroxysms cease. A serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) level of 6 mg/100 mL is considered optimal for control of seizures. A total daily (24 hr) dose of 30 grams to 40 grams should not be exceeded. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, the maximum dosage of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is 20 grams/48 hours and frequent serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) concentrations must be obtained. Continuous use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in pregnancy beyond 5 to 7 days can cause fetal abnormalities.

Other Uses

In counteracting the muscle-stimulating effects of barium poisoning, the usual dose of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate is 1 gram to 2 grams given intravenously.

For controlling seizures associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis or hypothyroidism, the usual adult dose is 1 gram administered intramuscularly or intravenously.

In paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) should be used only if simpler measures have failed and there is no evidence of myocardial damage. The usual dose is 3 grams to 4 grams (30 to 40 mL of a 10% solution) administered intravenously over 30 seconds with extreme caution.

For reduction of cerebral edema, 2.5 grams (25 mL of a 10% solution) is given intravenously.

Incompatibilities

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate in solution may result in a precipitate formation when mixed with solutions containing:

Alcohol (in high Heavy Metals

concentrations) Hydrocortisone sodium

Alkali carbonates and succinate

bicarbonates Phosphates

Alkali hydroxides Polymixin B sulfate

Arsenates Procaine hydrochloride

Barium Salicylates

Calcium Strontium

Clindamycin phosphate Tartrates

The potential incompatibility will often be influenced by the changes in the concentration of reactants and the pH of the solutions.

It has been reported that Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) may reduce the antibiotic activity of streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin when given together.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose containers as follows:


NDC No.


Container


Total

Amount


Concentration


mEq

Mg++/mL


0409-1754-10


Ansyr

Plastic Syringe


5 g/10 mL


50%


4 mEq/mL


Do not administer unless solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

REFERENCES

  • Yokoyama K, Takahashi N, Yada Y. Prolonged maternal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) administration and bone metabolism in neonates. Early Hum Dev. 2010;86(3):187-91. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
  • Wedig KE, Kogan J, Schorry EK et al. Skeletal demineralization and fractures caused by fetal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) toxicity. J. Perinatol. 2006; 26(6):371-4.
  • Nassar AH, Sakhel K, Maarouf H, et al. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcome of prolonged course of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate tocolysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scan. 2006;85(9):1099-103.
  • Malaeb SN, Rassi A, Haddad MC. Bone mineralization in newborns whose mothers received Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulphate for tocolysis of premature labor. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34(5):384-6. Epub 2004 Feb 18.
  • Matsuda Y, Maeda Y, Ito M, et al. Effect of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on neonatal bone abnormalities. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;44(2):82-8.
  • Schanler RJ, Smith LG, Burns PA. Effects of long-term maternal intravenous Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate therapy on neonatal calcium metabolism and bone mineral content. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1997;43(4):236-41.
  • Santi MD, Henry GW, Douglas GL. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment of preterm labor as a cause of abnormal neonatal bone mineralization. J Pediatr Orthrop. 1994;14(2):249-53.
  • Holcomb WL, Shackelford GD, Petrie RH. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) tocolysis and neonatal bone abnormalities; a controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 78(4):611-4.
  • Cumming WA, Thomas VJ. Hypermagnesemia: a cause of abnormal metaphyses in the neonate. Am J Roentgenol. 1989; 152(5):1071-2.
  • Lamm CL, Norton KL, Murphy RJ. Congenital rickets associated with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate infusion for tocolysis. J Pediatr. 1988; 113(6):1078-82.
  • McGuinness GA, Weinstein MM, Cruikshank DP, et al. Effects of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on perinatal calcium metabolism. II. Neonatal responses. Obstet Gynecol. 1980; 56(5): 595-600.
  • Riaz M, Porat R, Brodsky NL, et al. The effects of maternal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) sulfate treatment on newborns: a prospective controlled study. J. Perinatol. 1998;18(6 pt 1):449-54.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

LAB-1024-1.0

April 2017

Hospira Logo

50% Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate 5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL)

Rx only

NDC 0409-1754-10

10 mL Single-dose syringe

50% Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Magnesium (Magnesium Oxide)) Sulfate Injection, USP

5 g/10 mL (500 mg/mL) (4 mEq Mg++/mL)

MUST BE DILUTED FOR INTRAVENOUS USE.

For Intravenous or Intramuscular Use. Sterile. 4.06 mOsmol/mL (calc.).

Contains no more than 75 mcg/L of aluminum.

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

Hospira

RL-6891

Manganese (Manganese Sulfate):


INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

Administration helps to maintain Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (pH 2.0) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Liver and/or biliary tract dysfunction may require omission or reduction of copper and Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the bile.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless solution is clear and seal is intact.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Laboratory Tests

Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) levels can be measured periodically at the discretion of the investigator. Because of the low serum concentration normally present, samples will usually be analyzed by a reference laboratory.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) additive is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Pregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride. It is also not known whether Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproductive capacity. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly indicated.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) toxicity in TPN patients has not been reported.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) contains 0.1 mg manganese/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be administered in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the adult receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) is 0.15 to 0.8 mg/day (1.5 to 8 mL/day). For pediatric patients, a dosage of 2 to 10 mcg manganese/kg/day (0.02 to 0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended.

Periodic monitoring of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) plasma levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration.

Parenteral products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. (See PRECAUTIONS .)

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Manganese (Manganese Sulfate)) 0.1 mg/mL (Manganese Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (NDC No. 0409-4091-01).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F)

Revised: November, 2009

Printed in USA EN-2320

Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

RL-0104


Potassium (Potassium Chloride):



Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) CHLORIDE EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS USP 20 mEq K

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION

The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq product is an immediately dispersing extended release oral dosage form of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride containing 1500 mg of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride, USP equivalent to 20 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) in a tablet.

These formulations are intended to slow the release of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) so that the likelihood of a high localized concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride within the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is an electrolyte replenisher. The chemical name of the active ingredient is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride, USP occurs as a white, granular powder or as colorless crystals. It is odorless and has a saline taste. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulation (not enteric coated or wax matrix) containing individually microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride crystals which disperse upon tablet disintegration. In simulated gastric fluid at 37°C and in the absence of outside agitation, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq begin disintegrating into microencapsulated crystals within seconds and completely disintegrates within 1 minute. The microencapsulated crystals are formulated to provide an extended release of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride.

Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, diethyl phthalate, ethyl-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function.

The intracellular concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) is 50 to 100 mEq per day.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion will occur whenever the rate of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by a concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances or cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine.

If Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, eg, where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) in the form of high Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) food or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride may be able to restore normal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) levels.

In rare circumstances (eg, patients with renal tubular acidosis) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) replacement should be accomplished with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts other than the chloride, such as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) bicarbonate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) citrate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) acetate, or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) gluconate.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

BECAUSE OF REPORTS OF INTESTINAL AND GASTRIC ULCERATION AND BLEEDING WITH CONTROLLED-RELEASE Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) CHLORIDE PREPARATIONS, THESE DRUGS SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR THOSE PATIENTS WHO CANNOT TOLERATE OR REFUSE TO TAKE LIQUID OR EFFERVESCENT Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) PREPARATIONS OR FOR PATIENTS IN WHOM THERE IS A PROBLEM OF COMPLIANCE WITH THESE PREPARATIONS.

1. For the treatment of patients with hypokalemia with or without metabolic alkalosis, in digitalis intoxication, and in patients with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis. If hypokalemia is the result of diuretic therapy, consideration should be given to the use of a lower dose of diuretic, which may be sufficient without leading to hypokalemia.

2. For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop, eg, digitalized patients or patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias.

The use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts in patients receiving diuretics for uncomplicated essential hypertension is often unnecessary when such patients have a normal dietary pattern and when low doses of the diuretic are used. Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) should be checked periodically, however, and if hypokalemia occurs, dietary supplementation with potassium-containing foods may be adequate to control milder cases. In more severe cases, and if dose adjustment of the diuretic is ineffective or unwarranted, supplementation with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts may be indicated.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) supplements are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia since a further increase in serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) concentration in such patients can produce cardiac arrest. Hyperkalemia may complicate any of the following conditions: chronic renal failure, systemic acidosis, such as diabetic acidosis, acute dehydration, extensive tissue breakdown as in severe burns, adrenal insufficiency, or the administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) (see OVERDOSAGE ).

Controlled-release formulations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride have produced esophageal ulceration in certain cardiac patients with esophageal compression due to enlarged left atrium. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) supplementation, when indicated in such patients, should be given as a liquid preparation or as an aqueous (water) suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients , and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections).

All solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride are contraindicated in any patient in whom there is structural, pathological (eg, diabetic gastroparesis), or pharmacologic (use of anticholinergic agents or other agents with anticholinergic properties at sufficient doses to exert anticholinergic effects) cause for arrest or delay in tablet passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

WARNINGS

Hyperkalemia (see OVERDOSAGE )

In patients with impaired mechanisms for excreting Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)), the administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts can produce hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. This occurs most commonly in patients given Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) by the intravenous route but may also occur in patients given Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) orally. Potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and be asymptomatic. The use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts in patients with chronic renal disease, or any other condition which impairs Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) excretion, requires particularly careful monitoring of the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) concentration and appropriate dosage adjustment.

Interaction with Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Hypokalemia should not be treated by the concomitant administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts and a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride) since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia.

Interaction with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) will produce some Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) retention by inhibiting aldosterone production. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) supplements should be given to patients receiving ACE inhibitors only with close monitoring.

Gastrointestinal Lesions

Solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride can produce ulcerative and/or stenotic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on spontaneous adverse reaction reports, enteric-coated preparations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride are associated with an increased frequency of small bowel lesions (40-50 per 100,000 patient years) compared to sustained release wax matrix formulations (less than one per 100,000 patient years). Because of the lack of extensive marketing experience with microencapsulated products, a comparison between such products and wax matrix or enteric-coated products is not available. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulated to provide a controlled rate of release of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride and thus to minimize the possibility of a high local concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) near the gastrointestinal wall.

Prospective trials have been conducted in normal human volunteers in which the upper gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by endoscopic inspection before and after 1 week of solid oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride therapy. The ability of this model to predict events occurring in usual clinical practice is unknown. Trials which approximated usual clinical practice did not reveal any clear differences between the wax matrix and microencapsulated dosage forms. In contrast, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in subjects receiving a high dose of a wax matrix controlled-release formulation under conditions which did not resemble usual or recommended clinical practice (ie, 96 mEq per day in divided doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride administered to fasted patients, in the presence of an anticholinergic drug to delay gastric emptying). The upper gastrointestinal lesions observed by endoscopy were asymptomatic and were not accompanied by evidence of bleeding (Hemoccult testing). The relevance of these findings to the usual conditions (ie, non-fasting, no anticholinergic agent, smaller doses) under which controlled-release Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride products are used is uncertain; epidemiologic studies have not identified an elevated risk, compared to microencapsulated products, for upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients receiving wax matrix formulations. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be discontinued immediately and the possibility of ulceration, obstruction, or perforation should be considered if severe vomiting, abdominal pain, distention, or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs.

Metabolic Acidosis

Hypokalemia in patients with metabolic acidosis should be treated with an alkalinizing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salt such as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) bicarbonate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) citrate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) acetate, or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) gluconate.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The diagnosis of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) depletion is ordinarily made by demonstrating hypokalemia in a patient with a clinical history suggesting some cause for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion. In interpreting the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) level, the physician should bear in mind that acute alkalosis per se can produce hypokalemia in the absence of a deficit in total body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) while acute acidosis per se can increase the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) concentration into the normal range even in the presence of a reduced total body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)). The treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion, particularly in the presence of cardiac disease, renal disease, or acidosis requires careful attention to acid-base balance and appropriate monitoring of serum electrolytes, the electrocardiogram, and the clinical status of the patient.

Information for Patients

Physicians should consider reminding the patient of the following: To take each dose with meals and with a full glass of water or other liquid. To take each dose without crushing, chewing, or sucking the tablets. If those patients are having difficulty swallowing whole tablets, they may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:

    1. Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).

    2. Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.

    3. Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.

    4. Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.

    5. Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

    6. Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.


Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

To take this medicine following the frequency and amount prescribed by the physician. This is especially important if the patient is also taking diuretics and/or digitalis preparations.

To check with the physician at once if tarry stools or other evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is noticed.

Laboratory Tests

When blood is drawn for analysis of plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) it is important to recognize that artifactual elevations can occur after improper venipuncture technique or as a result of in vitro hemolysis of the sample.

Drug Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (see WARNINGS ).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies in animals have not been performed. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) is a normal dietary constituent.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq. It is unlikely that Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) supplementation that does not lead to hyperkalemia would have an adverse effect on the fetus or would affect reproductive capacity.

Nursing Mothers

The normal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) ion content of human milk is about 13 mEq per liter. Since oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) becomes part of the body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) pool, so long as body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) is not excessive, the contribution of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride supplementation should have little or no effect on the level in human milk.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection; and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

One of the most severe adverse effects is hyperkalemia (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and OVERDOSAGE ). There have also been reports of upper and lower gastrointestinal conditions including obstruction, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). The most common adverse reactions to oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts are nausea, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal pain/discomfort, and diarrhea. These symptoms are due to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and are best managed by diluting the preparation further, taking the dose with meals or reducing the amount taken at one time.

OVERDOSAGE

The administration of oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired or if Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-waves, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT-interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).

Treatment measures for hyperkalemia include the following:

  • Patients should be closely monitored for arrhythmias and electrolyte changes.
  • Elimination of foods and medications containing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) and of any agents with potassium-sparing properties such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ARBS, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, certain nutritional supplements and many others.
  • Intravenous calcium gluconate if the patient is at no risk of developing digitalis toxicity.
  • Intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL/hr of 10% dextrose solution containing 10-20 units of crystalline insulin per 1,000 mL.
  • Correction of acidosis, if present, with intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
  • Use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis.

In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, too rapid a lowering of the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) concentration can produce digitalis toxicity.

The extended release feature means that absorption and toxic effects may be delayed for hours.

Consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The usual dietary intake of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) by the average adult is 50 to 100 mEq per day. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion sufficient to cause hypokalemia usually requires the loss of 200 or more mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) from the total body store.

Dosage must be adjusted to the individual needs of each patient. The dose for the prevention of hypokalemia is typically in the range of 20 mEq per day. Doses of 40-100 mEq per day or more are used for the treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) depletion. Dosage should be divided if more than 20 mEq per day is given such that no more than 20 mEq is given in a single dose.

Each Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablet USP, 20 mEq provides 20 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be taken with meals and with a glass of water or other liquid. This product should not be taken on an empty stomach because of its potential for gastric irritation (see WARNINGS ).

Patients having difficulty swallowing whole tablets may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:
    • Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).
    • Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.
    • Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.
    • Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.
    • Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.
    • Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are available in bottles of 100 (NDC 62037-999-01), bottles of 500 (NDC 62037-999-05), and bottles of 1000 (NDC 62037-999-10). Potassium Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are capsule shaped, white to off-white tablets, with “ABRS-123” imprinted on one side and scored on the other side for flexibility of dosing.

Storage Conditions

Keep tightly closed. Store at controlled room temperature, 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).

Manufactured by:

Eurand, Inc.

Vandalia, OH 45377 USA

Distributed by:

Watson Pharma, Inc.

Rev. Date (01/09) 173714

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium (Potassium Chloride)) chloride 20 Meq

Potassium Chloride:



Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS USP 20 mEq K

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION

The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq product is an immediately dispersing extended release oral dosage form of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) containing 1500 mg of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride), USP equivalent to 20 mEq of potassium in a tablet.

These formulations are intended to slow the release of potassium so that the likelihood of a high localized concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) within the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is an electrolyte replenisher. The chemical name of the active ingredient is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride), and the structural formula is KCl. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride), USP occurs as a white, granular powder or as colorless crystals. It is odorless and has a saline taste. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulation (not enteric coated or wax matrix) containing individually microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) crystals which disperse upon tablet disintegration. In simulated gastric fluid at 37°C and in the absence of outside agitation, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq begin disintegrating into microencapsulated crystals within seconds and completely disintegrates within 1 minute. The microencapsulated crystals are formulated to provide an extended release of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride).

Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, diethyl phthalate, ethyl-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The potassium ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Potassium ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function.

The intracellular concentration of potassium is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane.

Potassium is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of potassium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of potassium is 50 to 100 mEq per day.

Potassium depletion will occur whenever the rate of potassium loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of potassium intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of potassium in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Potassium depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by a concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Potassium depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances or cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine.

If potassium depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, eg, where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental potassium in the form of high potassium food or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) may be able to restore normal potassium levels.

In rare circumstances (eg, patients with renal tubular acidosis) potassium depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients potassium replacement should be accomplished with potassium salts other than the chloride, such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, or potassium gluconate.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

BECAUSE OF REPORTS OF INTESTINAL AND GASTRIC ULCERATION AND BLEEDING WITH CONTROLLED-RELEASE Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) PREPARATIONS, THESE DRUGS SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR THOSE PATIENTS WHO CANNOT TOLERATE OR REFUSE TO TAKE LIQUID OR EFFERVESCENT POTASSIUM PREPARATIONS OR FOR PATIENTS IN WHOM THERE IS A PROBLEM OF COMPLIANCE WITH THESE PREPARATIONS.

1. For the treatment of patients with hypokalemia with or without metabolic alkalosis, in digitalis intoxication, and in patients with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis. If hypokalemia is the result of diuretic therapy, consideration should be given to the use of a lower dose of diuretic, which may be sufficient without leading to hypokalemia.

2. For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop, eg, digitalized patients or patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias.

The use of potassium salts in patients receiving diuretics for uncomplicated essential hypertension is often unnecessary when such patients have a normal dietary pattern and when low doses of the diuretic are used. Serum potassium should be checked periodically, however, and if hypokalemia occurs, dietary supplementation with potassium-containing foods may be adequate to control milder cases. In more severe cases, and if dose adjustment of the diuretic is ineffective or unwarranted, supplementation with potassium salts may be indicated.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Potassium supplements are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia since a further increase in serum potassium concentration in such patients can produce cardiac arrest. Hyperkalemia may complicate any of the following conditions: chronic renal failure, systemic acidosis, such as diabetic acidosis, acute dehydration, extensive tissue breakdown as in severe burns, adrenal insufficiency, or the administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) (see OVERDOSAGE ).

Controlled-release formulations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) have produced esophageal ulceration in certain cardiac patients with esophageal compression due to enlarged left atrium. Potassium supplementation, when indicated in such patients, should be given as a liquid preparation or as an aqueous (water) suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients , and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections).

All solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) are contraindicated in any patient in whom there is structural, pathological (eg, diabetic gastroparesis), or pharmacologic (use of anticholinergic agents or other agents with anticholinergic properties at sufficient doses to exert anticholinergic effects) cause for arrest or delay in tablet passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

WARNINGS

Hyperkalemia (see OVERDOSAGE )

In patients with impaired mechanisms for excreting potassium, the administration of potassium salts can produce hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. This occurs most commonly in patients given potassium by the intravenous route but may also occur in patients given potassium orally. Potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and be asymptomatic. The use of potassium salts in patients with chronic renal disease, or any other condition which impairs potassium excretion, requires particularly careful monitoring of the serum potassium concentration and appropriate dosage adjustment.

Interaction with Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Hypokalemia should not be treated by the concomitant administration of potassium salts and a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride) since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia.

Interaction with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) will produce some potassium retention by inhibiting aldosterone production. Potassium supplements should be given to patients receiving ACE inhibitors only with close monitoring.

Gastrointestinal Lesions

Solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) can produce ulcerative and/or stenotic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on spontaneous adverse reaction reports, enteric-coated preparations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) are associated with an increased frequency of small bowel lesions (40-50 per 100,000 patient years) compared to sustained release wax matrix formulations (less than one per 100,000 patient years). Because of the lack of extensive marketing experience with microencapsulated products, a comparison between such products and wax matrix or enteric-coated products is not available. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulated to provide a controlled rate of release of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) and thus to minimize the possibility of a high local concentration of potassium near the gastrointestinal wall.

Prospective trials have been conducted in normal human volunteers in which the upper gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by endoscopic inspection before and after 1 week of solid oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) therapy. The ability of this model to predict events occurring in usual clinical practice is unknown. Trials which approximated usual clinical practice did not reveal any clear differences between the wax matrix and microencapsulated dosage forms. In contrast, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in subjects receiving a high dose of a wax matrix controlled-release formulation under conditions which did not resemble usual or recommended clinical practice (ie, 96 mEq per day in divided doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) administered to fasted patients, in the presence of an anticholinergic drug to delay gastric emptying). The upper gastrointestinal lesions observed by endoscopy were asymptomatic and were not accompanied by evidence of bleeding (Hemoccult testing). The relevance of these findings to the usual conditions (ie, non-fasting, no anticholinergic agent, smaller doses) under which controlled-release Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) products are used is uncertain; epidemiologic studies have not identified an elevated risk, compared to microencapsulated products, for upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients receiving wax matrix formulations. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be discontinued immediately and the possibility of ulceration, obstruction, or perforation should be considered if severe vomiting, abdominal pain, distention, or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs.

Metabolic Acidosis

Hypokalemia in patients with metabolic acidosis should be treated with an alkalinizing potassium salt such as potassium bicarbonate, potassium citrate, potassium acetate, or potassium gluconate.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The diagnosis of potassium depletion is ordinarily made by demonstrating hypokalemia in a patient with a clinical history suggesting some cause for potassium depletion. In interpreting the serum potassium level, the physician should bear in mind that acute alkalosis per se can produce hypokalemia in the absence of a deficit in total body potassium while acute acidosis per se can increase the serum potassium concentration into the normal range even in the presence of a reduced total body potassium. The treatment of potassium depletion, particularly in the presence of cardiac disease, renal disease, or acidosis requires careful attention to acid-base balance and appropriate monitoring of serum electrolytes, the electrocardiogram, and the clinical status of the patient.

Information for Patients

Physicians should consider reminding the patient of the following: To take each dose with meals and with a full glass of water or other liquid. To take each dose without crushing, chewing, or sucking the tablets. If those patients are having difficulty swallowing whole tablets, they may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous suspension as follows:

    1. Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).

    2. Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.

    3. Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.

    4. Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.

    5. Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

    6. Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.


Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

To take this medicine following the frequency and amount prescribed by the physician. This is especially important if the patient is also taking diuretics and/or digitalis preparations.

To check with the physician at once if tarry stools or other evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is noticed.

Laboratory Tests

When blood is drawn for analysis of plasma potassium it is important to recognize that artifactual elevations can occur after improper venipuncture technique or as a result of in vitro hemolysis of the sample.

Drug Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies in animals have not been performed. Potassium is a normal dietary constituent.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq. It is unlikely that potassium supplementation that does not lead to hyperkalemia would have an adverse effect on the fetus or would affect reproductive capacity.

Nursing Mothers

The normal potassium ion content of human milk is about 13 mEq per liter. Since oral potassium becomes part of the body potassium pool, so long as body potassium is not excessive, the contribution of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) supplementation should have little or no effect on the level in human milk.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection; and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

One of the most severe adverse effects is hyperkalemia (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and OVERDOSAGE ). There have also been reports of upper and lower gastrointestinal conditions including obstruction, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). The most common adverse reactions to oral potassium salts are nausea, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal pain/discomfort, and diarrhea. These symptoms are due to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and are best managed by diluting the preparation further, taking the dose with meals or reducing the amount taken at one time.

OVERDOSAGE

The administration of oral potassium salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for potassium rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired or if potassium is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum potassium concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-waves, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT-interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).

Treatment measures for hyperkalemia include the following:

  • Patients should be closely monitored for arrhythmias and electrolyte changes.
  • Elimination of foods and medications containing potassium and of any agents with potassium-sparing properties such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ARBS, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, certain nutritional supplements and many others.
  • Intravenous calcium gluconate if the patient is at no risk of developing digitalis toxicity.
  • Intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL/hr of 10% dextrose solution containing 10-20 units of crystalline insulin per 1,000 mL.
  • Correction of acidosis, if present, with intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
  • Use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis.

In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, too rapid a lowering of the serum potassium concentration can produce digitalis toxicity.

The extended release feature means that absorption and toxic effects may be delayed for hours.

Consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The usual dietary intake of potassium by the average adult is 50 to 100 mEq per day. Potassium depletion sufficient to cause hypokalemia usually requires the loss of 200 or more mEq of potassium from the total body store.

Dosage must be adjusted to the individual needs of each patient. The dose for the prevention of hypokalemia is typically in the range of 20 mEq per day. Doses of 40-100 mEq per day or more are used for the treatment of potassium depletion. Dosage should be divided if more than 20 mEq per day is given such that no more than 20 mEq is given in a single dose.

Each Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablet USP, 20 mEq provides 20 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride).

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be taken with meals and with a glass of water or other liquid. This product should not be taken on an empty stomach because of its potential for gastric irritation (see WARNINGS ).

Patients having difficulty swallowing whole tablets may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:
    • Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).
    • Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.
    • Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.
    • Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.
    • Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.
    • Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are available in bottles of 100 (NDC 62037-999-01), bottles of 500 (NDC 62037-999-05), and bottles of 1000 (NDC 62037-999-10). Potassium Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are capsule shaped, white to off-white tablets, with “ABRS-123” imprinted on one side and scored on the other side for flexibility of dosing.

Storage Conditions

Keep tightly closed. Store at controlled room temperature, 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).

Manufactured by:

Eurand, Inc.

Vandalia, OH 45377 USA

Distributed by:

Watson Pharma, Inc.

Rev. Date (01/09) 173714

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Chloride) 20 Meq

Potassium Iodide:



Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) CHLORIDE EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS USP 20 mEq K

Rx Only

DESCRIPTION

The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq product is an immediately dispersing extended release oral dosage form of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride containing 1500 mg of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride, USP equivalent to 20 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) in a tablet.

These formulations are intended to slow the release of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) so that the likelihood of a high localized concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride within the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is an electrolyte replenisher. The chemical name of the active ingredient is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride, and the structural formula is KCl. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride, USP occurs as a white, granular powder or as colorless crystals. It is odorless and has a saline taste. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. It is freely soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulation (not enteric coated or wax matrix) containing individually microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride crystals which disperse upon tablet disintegration. In simulated gastric fluid at 37°C and in the absence of outside agitation, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq begin disintegrating into microencapsulated crystals within seconds and completely disintegrates within 1 minute. The microencapsulated crystals are formulated to provide an extended release of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride.

Inactive Ingredients: Colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, diethyl phthalate, ethyl-cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

The Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) ion is the principal intracellular cation of most body tissues. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) ions participate in a number of essential physiological processes including the maintenance of intracellular tonicity; the transmission of nerve impulses; the contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; and the maintenance of normal renal function.

The intracellular concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) is approximately 150 to 160 mEq per liter. The normal adult plasma concentration is 3.5 to 5 mEq per liter. An active ion transport system maintains this gradient across the plasma membrane.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) is a normal dietary constituent and under steady-state conditions the amount of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract is equal to the amount excreted in the urine. The usual dietary intake of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) is 50 to 100 mEq per day.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion will occur whenever the rate of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) loss through renal excretion and/or loss from the gastrointestinal tract exceeds the rate of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) intake. Such depletion usually develops as a consequence of therapy with diuretics, primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism, diabetic ketoacidosis, or inadequate replacement of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) in patients on prolonged parenteral nutrition. Depletion can develop rapidly with severe diarrhea, especially if associated with vomiting. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion due to these causes is usually accompanied by a concomitant loss of chloride and is manifested by hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion may produce weakness, fatigue, disturbances or cardiac rhythm (primarily ectopic beats), prominent U-waves in the electrocardiogram, and in advanced cases, flaccid paralysis and/or impaired ability to concentrate urine.

If Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion associated with metabolic alkalosis cannot be managed by correcting the fundamental cause of the deficiency, eg, where the patient requires long-term diuretic therapy, supplemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) in the form of high Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) food or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride may be able to restore normal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) levels.

In rare circumstances (eg, patients with renal tubular acidosis) Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion may be associated with metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia. In such patients Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) replacement should be accomplished with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts other than the chloride, such as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) bicarbonate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) citrate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) acetate, or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) gluconate.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

BECAUSE OF REPORTS OF INTESTINAL AND GASTRIC ULCERATION AND BLEEDING WITH CONTROLLED-RELEASE Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) CHLORIDE PREPARATIONS, THESE DRUGS SHOULD BE RESERVED FOR THOSE PATIENTS WHO CANNOT TOLERATE OR REFUSE TO TAKE LIQUID OR EFFERVESCENT Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) PREPARATIONS OR FOR PATIENTS IN WHOM THERE IS A PROBLEM OF COMPLIANCE WITH THESE PREPARATIONS.

1. For the treatment of patients with hypokalemia with or without metabolic alkalosis, in digitalis intoxication, and in patients with hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis. If hypokalemia is the result of diuretic therapy, consideration should be given to the use of a lower dose of diuretic, which may be sufficient without leading to hypokalemia.

2. For the prevention of hypokalemia in patients who would be at particular risk if hypokalemia were to develop, eg, digitalized patients or patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias.

The use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts in patients receiving diuretics for uncomplicated essential hypertension is often unnecessary when such patients have a normal dietary pattern and when low doses of the diuretic are used. Serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) should be checked periodically, however, and if hypokalemia occurs, dietary supplementation with potassium-containing foods may be adequate to control milder cases. In more severe cases, and if dose adjustment of the diuretic is ineffective or unwarranted, supplementation with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts may be indicated.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) supplements are contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia since a further increase in serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) concentration in such patients can produce cardiac arrest. Hyperkalemia may complicate any of the following conditions: chronic renal failure, systemic acidosis, such as diabetic acidosis, acute dehydration, extensive tissue breakdown as in severe burns, adrenal insufficiency, or the administration of a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride) (see OVERDOSAGE ).

Controlled-release formulations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride have produced esophageal ulceration in certain cardiac patients with esophageal compression due to enlarged left atrium. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) supplementation, when indicated in such patients, should be given as a liquid preparation or as an aqueous (water) suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride (see PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients , and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION sections).

All solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride are contraindicated in any patient in whom there is structural, pathological (eg, diabetic gastroparesis), or pharmacologic (use of anticholinergic agents or other agents with anticholinergic properties at sufficient doses to exert anticholinergic effects) cause for arrest or delay in tablet passage through the gastrointestinal tract.

WARNINGS

Hyperkalemia (see OVERDOSAGE )

In patients with impaired mechanisms for excreting Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide), the administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts can produce hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest. This occurs most commonly in patients given Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) by the intravenous route but may also occur in patients given Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) orally. Potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and be asymptomatic. The use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts in patients with chronic renal disease, or any other condition which impairs Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) excretion, requires particularly careful monitoring of the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) concentration and appropriate dosage adjustment.

Interaction with Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Hypokalemia should not be treated by the concomitant administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts and a potassium-sparing diuretic (eg, spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride) since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia.

Interaction with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril) will produce some Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) retention by inhibiting aldosterone production. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) supplements should be given to patients receiving ACE inhibitors only with close monitoring.

Gastrointestinal Lesions

Solid oral dosage forms of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride can produce ulcerative and/or stenotic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on spontaneous adverse reaction reports, enteric-coated preparations of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride are associated with an increased frequency of small bowel lesions (40-50 per 100,000 patient years) compared to sustained release wax matrix formulations (less than one per 100,000 patient years). Because of the lack of extensive marketing experience with microencapsulated products, a comparison between such products and wax matrix or enteric-coated products is not available. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is a tablet formulated to provide a controlled rate of release of microencapsulated Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride and thus to minimize the possibility of a high local concentration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) near the gastrointestinal wall.

Prospective trials have been conducted in normal human volunteers in which the upper gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by endoscopic inspection before and after 1 week of solid oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride therapy. The ability of this model to predict events occurring in usual clinical practice is unknown. Trials which approximated usual clinical practice did not reveal any clear differences between the wax matrix and microencapsulated dosage forms. In contrast, there was a higher incidence of gastric and duodenal lesions in subjects receiving a high dose of a wax matrix controlled-release formulation under conditions which did not resemble usual or recommended clinical practice (ie, 96 mEq per day in divided doses of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride administered to fasted patients, in the presence of an anticholinergic drug to delay gastric emptying). The upper gastrointestinal lesions observed by endoscopy were asymptomatic and were not accompanied by evidence of bleeding (Hemoccult testing). The relevance of these findings to the usual conditions (ie, non-fasting, no anticholinergic agent, smaller doses) under which controlled-release Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride products are used is uncertain; epidemiologic studies have not identified an elevated risk, compared to microencapsulated products, for upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients receiving wax matrix formulations. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be discontinued immediately and the possibility of ulceration, obstruction, or perforation should be considered if severe vomiting, abdominal pain, distention, or gastrointestinal bleeding occurs.

Metabolic Acidosis

Hypokalemia in patients with metabolic acidosis should be treated with an alkalinizing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salt such as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) bicarbonate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) citrate, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) acetate, or Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) gluconate.

PRECAUTIONS

General

The diagnosis of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula depletion is ordinarily made by demonstrating hypokalemia in a patient with a clinical history suggesting some cause for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion. In interpreting the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) level, the physician should bear in mind that acute alkalosis per se can produce hypokalemia in the absence of a deficit in total body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) while acute acidosis per se can increase the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) concentration into the normal range even in the presence of a reduced total body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide). The treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion, particularly in the presence of cardiac disease, renal disease, or acidosis requires careful attention to acid-base balance and appropriate monitoring of serum electrolytes, the electrocardiogram, and the clinical status of the patient.

Information for Patients

Physicians should consider reminding the patient of the following: To take each dose with meals and with a full glass of water or other liquid. To take each dose without crushing, chewing, or sucking the tablets. If those patients are having difficulty swallowing whole tablets, they may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:

    1. Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).

    2. Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.

    3. Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.

    4. Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.

    5. Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

    6. Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.


Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

To take this medicine following the frequency and amount prescribed by the physician. This is especially important if the patient is also taking diuretics and/or digitalis preparations.

To check with the physician at once if tarry stools or other evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is noticed.

Laboratory Tests

When blood is drawn for analysis of plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula it is important to recognize that artifactual elevations can occur after improper venipuncture technique or as a result of in vitro hemolysis of the sample.

Drug Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (see WARNINGS ).

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies in animals have not been performed. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula is a normal dietary constituent.

Pregnancy Category C

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq. It is unlikely that Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) supplementation that does not lead to hyperkalemia would have an adverse effect on the fetus or would affect reproductive capacity.

Nursing Mothers

The normal Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ion content of human milk is about 13 mEq per liter. Since oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) becomes part of the body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) pool, so long as body Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) is not excessive, the contribution of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride supplementation should have little or no effect on the level in human milk.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.

Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection; and it may be useful to monitor renal function.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

One of the most severe adverse effects is hyperkalemia (see CONTRAINDICATIONS , WARNINGS , and OVERDOSAGE ). There have also been reports of upper and lower gastrointestinal conditions including obstruction, bleeding, ulceration, and perforation (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). The most common adverse reactions to oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts are nausea, vomiting, flatulence, abdominal pain/discomfort, and diarrhea. These symptoms are due to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and are best managed by diluting the preparation further, taking the dose with meals or reducing the amount taken at one time.

OVERDOSAGE

The administration of oral Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) salts to persons with normal excretory mechanisms for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) rarely causes serious hyperkalemia. However, if excretory mechanisms are impaired or if Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) is administered too rapidly intravenously, potentially fatal hyperkalemia can result (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ). It is important to recognize that hyperkalemia is usually asymptomatic and may be manifested only by an increased serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) concentration (6.5-8.0 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T-waves, loss of P-waves, depression of S-T segment, and prolongation of the QT-interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9-12 mEq/L).

Treatment measures for hyperkalemia include the following:

  • Patients should be closely monitored for arrhythmias and electrolyte changes.
  • Elimination of foods and medications containing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) and of any agents with potassium-sparing properties such as potassium-sparing diuretics, ARBS, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS, certain nutritional supplements and many others.
  • Intravenous calcium gluconate if the patient is at no risk of developing digitalis toxicity.
  • Intravenous administration of 300 to 500 mL/hr of 10% dextrose solution containing 10-20 units of crystalline insulin per 1,000 mL.
  • Correction of acidosis, if present, with intravenous sodium bicarbonate.
  • Use of exchange resins, hemodialysis, or peritoneal dialysis.

In treating hyperkalemia, it should be recalled that in patients who have been stabilized on digitalis, too rapid a lowering of the serum Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) concentration can produce digitalis toxicity.

The extended release feature means that absorption and toxic effects may be delayed for hours.

Consider standard measures to remove any unabsorbed drug.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

The usual dietary intake of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) by the average adult is 50 to 100 mEq per day. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion sufficient to cause hypokalemia usually requires the loss of 200 or more mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) from the total body store.

Dosage must be adjusted to the individual needs of each patient. The dose for the prevention of hypokalemia is typically in the range of 20 mEq per day. Doses of 40-100 mEq per day or more are used for the treatment of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) depletion. Dosage should be divided if more than 20 mEq per day is given such that no more than 20 mEq is given in a single dose.

Each Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablet USP, 20 mEq provides 20 mEq of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq should be taken with meals and with a glass of water or other liquid. This product should not be taken on an empty stomach because of its potential for gastric irritation (see WARNINGS ).

Patients having difficulty swallowing whole tablets may try one of the following alternate methods of administration:

  • Break the tablet in half, and take each half separately with a glass of water.
  • Prepare an aqueous (water) suspension as follows:
    • Place the whole tablet(s) in approximately 1/2 glass of water (4 fluid ounces).
    • Allow approximately 2 minutes for the tablet(s) to disintegrate.
    • Stir for about half a minute after the tablet(s) has disintegrated.
    • Swirl the suspension and consume the entire contents of the glass immediately by drinking or by the use of a straw.
    • Add another 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.
    • Then, add an additional 1 fluid ounce of water, swirl, and consume immediately.

Aqueous suspension of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride that is not taken immediately should be discarded. The use of other liquids for suspending Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq is not recommended.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are available in bottles of 100 (NDC 62037-999-01), bottles of 500 (NDC 62037-999-05), and bottles of 1000 (NDC 62037-999-10). Potassium Chloride Extended Release Tablets USP, 20 mEq are capsule shaped, white to off-white tablets, with “ABRS-123” imprinted on one side and scored on the other side for flexibility of dosing.

Storage Conditions

Keep tightly closed. Store at controlled room temperature, 20°-25°C (68°-77°F).

Manufactured by:

Eurand, Inc.

Vandalia, OH 45377 USA

Distributed by:

Watson Pharma, Inc.

Rev. Date (01/09) 173714

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Potassium Iodide) chloride 20 Meq

Selenium (Yeast):



Rx Only

TRACE ELEMENT ADDITIVE FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

DESCRIPTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Each mL contains Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg (equivalent to elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) 40 mcg/mL) and Water for Injection q.s. pH may be adjusted with nitric acid to 1.8 to 2.4.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) is part of glutathione peroxidase which protects cell components from oxidative damage due to peroxides produced in cellular metabolism.

Prolonged TPN support in humans has resulted in Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) deficiency symptoms which include muscle pain and tenderness. The symptoms have been reported to respond to supplementation of TPN solutions with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)).

Pediatric conditions, Keshan disease, and Kwashiorkor, have been associated with low dietary intake of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)). The conditions are endemic to geographical areas with low Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) soil content. Dietary supplementation with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) salts has been reported to reduce the incidence of the conditions among affected children.

Normal blood levels of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) in different human populations have been found to vary and depend on the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) content of the food consumed. Results of surveys carried out in some countries are tabulated below:



COUNTRY


Number of

Samples

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) (mcg/100 mL) (a)

Whole Blood


Blood Cells

Plasma/

Serum

(a) Mean values with or without standard deviation in parentheses, all other ranges.
(b) Age group unknown.
(c) Three children recovered from Kwashiorkor and the other six under treatment for other diseases.
(d) Low selenium-content soil area.
(e) Well nourished children, three recovered from Kwashiorkor and the other six under treatment for other diseases.
(f) Mean values from seven subjects.
Canada 254 Adults (37.9 ± 7.8) (23.6 ± 6.0) (14.4 ± 2.9)
England 8 (b) 26-37 (32) -- --
Guatemala &

Southern USA

10 Adults

9 Children (c)

19-28 (22)

(23 ± 5)

--

(36 ± 12)

--

(15 ± 5)

New Zealand (d) 113 Adults (5.4 ± 0.1) (6.6 ± 0.3) (4.3 ± 0.1)
Thailand 3 Adults

9 Children (e)

14.4-20.2

(12.0 ± 3.6) (f)

17.8-35.8

(19.5 ± 8.2)

8.1-12.5

(8.3 ± 2.2)

USA 210 Adults 15.7-25.6

(20.6)

-- --

Plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) levels of 0.3 and 0.9 mcg/100 mL have been reported to produce deficiency symptoms in humans.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) is eliminated primarily in urine. However, significant endogenous losses through feces also occur. The rate of excretion and the relative importance of two routes varies with the chemical form of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) used in supplementation. Ancillary routes of elimination are lungs and skin.

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Administration of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) in TPN solutions helps to maintain plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the potential for infusion phlebitis.

WARNINGS

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection can be toxic if given in excessive amounts. Supplementation of TPN solution with Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) should be immediately discontinued if toxicity symptoms are observed. Frequent determination of plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) levels during TPN support and close medical supervision is recommended.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection is a hypotonic solution and should be administered in admixtures only.

This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

As Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula ) is eliminated in urine and feces, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) supplements may be adjusted, reduced or omitted in renal dysfunction and/or gastrointestinal malfunction. In patients receiving blood transfusions, contribution from such transfusions should also be considered. Frequent Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) plasma level determinations are suggested as a guideline.

In animals, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) has been reported to enhance the action of Vitamin E and decrease the toxicity of mercury, cadmium and arsenic.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) at high dose levels (15-30 mcg/egg) has been reported to have adverse embryological effects among chickens. There are however, no adequate and wellcontrolled studies in pregnant women. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection should be used during pregnancy only if potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Presence of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) in placenta and umbilical cord blood has been reported in humans.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

The amount of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) present in Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection is small. Symptoms of toxicity from Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) are unlikely to occur at the recommended dosage level.

OVERDOSAGE

Chronic toxicity in humans resulting from exposure to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) in industrial environments, intake of foods grown in seleniferous soils, use of selenium-contaminated water, and application of cosmetics containing Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) has been reported in literature. Toxicity symptoms include hair loss, weakened nails, dermatitis, dental defects, gastrointestinal disorders, nervousness, mental depression, metallic taste, vomiting, and garlic odor of breath and sweat. Acute poisoning due to ingestion of large amounts of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) compounds has resulted in death with histopathological changes including fulminating peripheral vascular collapse, internal vascular congestion, diffusely hemorrhagic, congested and edematus lungs, brick-red color gastric mucosa. The death was preceded by coma.

No effective antidote to Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) poisoning in humans is known. Animal studies have shown casein and linseed oil in feeds, reduced glutathione, arsenic, magnesium sulfate, and bromobenzene to afford limited protection.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection provides 40 mcg selenium/mL. For metabolically stable adults receiving TPN, the suggested additive dosage level is 20 to 40 mcg selenium/day. For pediatric patients, the suggested additive dosage level is 3 mcg/kg/day.

In adults, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) deficiency states resulting from long-term TPN support, Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) as selenomethionine or selenious acid, administered intravenously at 100 mcg/day for a period of 24 and 31 days, respectively, has been reported to reverse deficiency symptoms without toxicity.

Aseptic addition of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection to the TPN solution under laminar flow hood is recommended. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) is physically compatible with the electrolytes and other trace elements usually present in amino-acid/dextrose solution used for TPN. Frequent monitoring of plasma Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) levels is suggested as a guideline for subsequent administration. The normal whole blood range for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) is approximately 10 to 37 mcg/100 mL.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration, whenever solution and container permit.

HOW SUPPLIED

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) Injection containing selenious acid 65.4 mcg/mL (equivalent to elemental Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) 40 mcg/mL).

NDC 0517-6510-25 10 mL Single Dose Vial Packaged in boxes of 25

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).

AMERICAN

REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

IN6510

Rev. 11/15

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Container

NDC 0517-6510-25

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) INJECTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIAL

Trace Element Additive

FOR IV USE AFTER DILUTION

PRESERVATIVE FREE

Rx Only

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - Carton

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) INJECTION

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Selenium (Yeast)) 400 mcg/10 mL

(40 mcg/mL)

Trace Element Additive

NDC 0517-6510-25

25 x 10 mL

SINGLE DOSE VIALS

FOR INTRAVENOUS USE AFTER DILUTION PRESERVATIVE FREE Rx Only

Each mL contains: Selenious Acid 65.4 mcg, Water for Injection q.s.

pH adjusted with Nitric Acid. Sterile, nonpyrogenic.

WARNING: DISCARD UNUSED PORTION. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F); excursions

permitted to 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Directions for Use: See Package Insert.

AMERICAN REGENT, INC.

SHIRLEY, NY 11967

Rev. 11/05

Container Carton

Vitamin C:


Pharmacological action

Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of intracellular collagen, is required to strengthen the structure of teeth, bones, and the capillary walls. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) participates in redox reactions, the metabolism of tyrosine, converting folic acid into folinic acid, metabolism of carbohydrates, the synthesis of lipids and proteins, iron metabolism, processes of cellular respiration. Reduces the need for vitamins B1, B2, A, E, folic acid, pantothenic acid, enhances the body's resistance to infections; enhances iron absorption, contributing to its sequestration in reduced form. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) has antioxidant properties.

With intravaginal application of ascorbic acid lowers the vaginal pH, inhibiting the growth of bacteria and helps to restore and maintain normal pH and vaginal flora (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri).

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration ascorbic acid is completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Widely distributed in body tissues.

The concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma in normal amounts to approximately 10-20 mg / ml.

The concentration of ascorbic acid in white blood cells and platelets is higher than in erythrocytes and plasma. When deficient state of concentration in leucocytes is reduced later and more slowly and is regarded as the best criterion for evaluating the deficit than the concentration in plasma.

Plasma protein binding is about 25%.

Ascorbic acid is reversibly oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid, is metabolized with the formation of ascorbate-2-sulphate which is inactive and oxalic acid which is excreted in the urine.

Ascorbic acid taken in excessive quantities is rapidly excreted unchanged in urine, it usually happens when exceeding a daily dose is 200 mg.

Why is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula prescribed?

For systemic use of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) Kimia Farma: prevention and treatment of hypo- and avitaminosis of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C); providing increased need for Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) during growth, pregnancy, lactation, with heavy loads, fatigue and during recovery after prolonged severe illness; in winter with an increased risk of infectious diseases.

For intravaginal use: chronic or recurrent vaginitis (bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis) caused by the anaerobic flora (due to changes in pH of the vagina) in order to normalize disturbed vaginal microflora.

Dosage and administration

This medication administered orally, IM, IV, intravaginally.

For the prevention of deficiency conditions Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula dose is 25-75 mg / day, for the treatment - 250 mg / day or more in divided doses.

For intravaginal used ascorbic acid drugs in appropriate dosage forms.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) side effects, adverse reactions

CNS: headache, fatigue, insomnia.

Digestive system: stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting.

Allergic reaction: describes a few cases of skin reactions and manifestations of the respiratory system.

Urinary system: when used in high doses - hyperoxaluria and the formation of kidney stones of calcium oxalate.

Local reactions: with intravaginal application - a burning or itching in the vagina, increased mucous discharge, redness, swelling of the vulva. Other: sensation of heat.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula contraindications

Increased sensitivity to ascorbic acid.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

The minimum daily requirement of ascorbic acid in the II and III trimester of pregnancy is about 60 mg.

Ascorbic acid crosses the placental barrier. It should be borne in mind that the fetus can adapt to high doses of ascorbic acid, which takes a pregnant woman, and then a newborn baby may develop the ascorbic disease as the reaction of cancel. Therefore, during pregnancy should not to take ascorbic acid in high doses, except in cases where the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.

The minimum daily requirement during lactation is 80 mg. Ascorbic acid is excreted in breast milk. A mother's diet that contains adequate amounts of ascorbic acid, is sufficient to prevent deficiency in an infant. It is unknown whether dangerous to the child's mother use of ascorbic acid in high doses. Theoretically it is possible. Therefore, it is recommended not to exceed the maximum daily nursing mother needs to ascorbic acid, except when the expected benefit outweighs the potential risk.

Special instructions

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) is used with caution in patients with hyperoxaluria, renal impairment, a history of instructions on urolithiasis. Because ascorbic acid increases iron absorption, its use in high doses can be dangerous in patients with hemochromatosis, thalassemia, polycythemia, leukemia, and sideroblastic anemia.

Patients with high content body iron should apply ascorbic acid in minimal doses.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) is used with caution in patients with deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The use of ascorbic acid in high doses can cause exacerbation of sickle cell anemia.

Data on the diabetogenic action of ascorbic acid are contradictory. However, prolonged use of ascorbic acid should periodically monitor your blood glucose levels.

It is believed that the use of ascorbic acid in patients with rapidly proliferating and widely disseminated tumors may worsen during the process. It should therefore be used with caution in ascorbic acid in patients with advanced cancer.

Absorption of ascorbic acid decreased while use of fresh fruit or vegetable juices, alkaline drinking.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula drug interactions

In an application with barbiturates, primidone increases the excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives reduces the concentration of ascorbic acid in blood plasma.

In an application of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) with iron preparations ascorbic acid, due to its regenerative properties, transforms ferric iron in the bivalent, which improves its absorption.

Ascorbic acid in high doses can decrease urine pH that while the application reduces the tubular reabsorption of amphetamine and tricyclic antidepressants.

With the simultaneous use of aspirin reduces the absorption of ascorbic acid by about a third.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin C) in an application with warfarin may decrease effects of warfarin.

With the simultaneous application of ascorbic acid increases the excretion of iron in patients receiving deferoxamine. In the application of ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg / day possibly left ventricular dysfunction.

In an application with tetracycline is increased excretion of ascorbic acid in the urine.

There is a described case of reducing the concentration of fluphenazine in plasma in patients treated with ascorbic acid 500 mg 2 times / day.

May increase the concentration of ethinyl estradiol in the blood plasma in its simultaneous application in the oral contraceptives.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: long-term use of large doses (more than 1 g) - headache, increased CNS excitability, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, gastritis giperatsidnyh, ultseratsiya gastrointestinal mucosa, inhibition of the function insular apparatus of the pancreas (hyperglycemia, glycosuria), hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis (calcium oxalate), damage to the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys, moderate thamuria (when receiving a dose of 600 mg / day).

Decrease capillary permeability (possibly deteriorating trophic tissues, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, the development of microangiopathy).

When IV administration in high doses - the threat of termination of pregnancy (due to estrogenemia), hemolysis of red blood cells.

Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate):


A generic descriptor for all tocopherols and tocotrienols that exhibit alpha-tocopherol activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of isoprenoids.

Indication: Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)), known for its antioxidant activities, is protective against cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer and has also demonstrated immune-enhancing effects. It may be of limited benefit in some with asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. It may be helpful in some neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, some eye disorders including cataracts, and diabetes and premenstrual syndrome. It may also help protect skin from ultraviolet irradiation although claims that it reverses skin aging, enhances male fertility and exercise performance are poorly supported. It may help relieve some muscle cramps.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) has antioxidant activity. It may also have anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, anticoagulant, neuroprotective, antiviral, immunomodulatory, cell membrane-stabilizing and antiproliferative actions. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is a collective term used to describe eight separate forms, the best-known form being alpha-tocopherol. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is a fat-soluble vitamin and is an important antioxidant. It acts to protect cells against the effects of free radicals, which are potentially damaging by-products of the body's metabolism. Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. There are three specific situations when a Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) deficiency is likely to occur. It is seen in persons who cannot absorb dietary fat, has been found in premature, very low birth weight infants (birth weights less than 1500 grams, or 3½ pounds), and is seen in individuals with rare disorders of fat metabolism. A Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) deficiency is usually characterized by neurological problems due to poor nerve conduction. Symptoms may include infertility, neuromuscular impairment, menstrual problems, miscarriage and uterine degradation. Preliminary research has led to a widely held belief that Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) may help prevent or delay coronary heart disease. Antioxidants such as Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) help protect against the damaging effects of free radicals, which may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer. It also protects other fat-soluble vitamins (A and B group vitamins) from destruction by oxygen. Low levels of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula (Vitamin E (DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate)) have been linked to increased incidence of breast and colon cancer.

Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."FOLIC ACID INJECTION, SOLUTION [FRESENIUS KABI USA, LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."THYROSHIELD (POTASSIUM IODIDE) SOLUTION [FLEMING & COMPANY, PHARMACEUTICALS]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. Dailymed."POTASSIUM CHLORIDE TABLET, EXTENDED RELEASE [BRYANT RANCH PREPACK]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula?

Depending on the reaction of the Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Multivitamins, Multiminerals Adult Formula consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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