Masaworm

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Masaworm uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Masaworm is an anthelmintic drug indicated for:

1.1 Neurocysticercosis

Masaworm is indicated for the treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis due to active lesions caused by larval forms of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium.

1.2 Hydatid Disease

Masaworm is indicated for the treatment of cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum, caused by the larval form of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Patients weighing 60 kg or greater, 400 mg twice daily; less than 60 kg, 15 mg/kg/day in divided doses twice daily. Masaworm tablets and Masaworm chewable tablets should be taken with food. (2)


See additional important information in the Full Prescribing Information. (2)

2.1 Dosage

Dosing of Masaworm will vary depending upon the indication. Masaworm tablets may be crushed or chewed and swallowed with a drink of water. Masaworm chewable tablets are also available for children and patients who may experience swallowing difficulties. Masaworm tablets and Masaworm chewable tablets should be taken with food [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Indication Patient Weight Dose Duration
Hydatid Disease 60 kg or greater 400 mg twice daily, with meals 28-day cycle followed by a 14-day albendazole-free interval, for a total of 3 cycles
Less than 60 kg 15 mg/kg/day given in divided doses twice daily with meals (maximum total daily dose 800 mg)
Neurocysticercosis 60 kg or greater 400 mg twice daily, with meals 8 to 30 days
Less than 60 kg 15 mg/kg/day given in divided doses twice daily with meals (maximum total daily dose 800 mg)

2.2 Concomitant Medication to Avoid Adverse Reactions

Patients being treated for neurocysticercosis should receive appropriate steroid and anticonvulsant therapy as required. Oral or intravenous corticosteroids should be considered to prevent cerebral hypertensive episodes during the first week of treatment [see Warnings and Precautions ].

2.3 Monitoring for Safety Before and During Treatment

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Masaworm is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the benzimidazole class of compounds or any components of Masaworm.

Patients with known hypersensitivity to the benzimidazole class of compounds or any components of Masaworm.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Bone Marrow Suppression

Fatalities associated with the use of Masaworm have been reported due to granulocytopenia or pancytopenia Masaworm may cause bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, and agranulocytosis. Monitor blood counts at the beginning of each 28-day cycle of therapy, and every 2 weeks while on therapy with Masaworm in all patients. Patients with liver disease and patients with hepatic echinococcosis are at increased risk for bone marrow suppression and warrant more frequent monitoring of blood counts. Discontinue Masaworm if clinically significant decreases in blood cell counts occur.

5.2 Teratogenic Effects

Masaworm may cause fetal harm and should not be used in pregnant women except in clinical circumstances where no alternative management is appropriate. Obtain pregnancy test prior to prescribing Masaworm to women of reproductive potential. Advise women of reproductive potential to use effective birth control for the duration of Masaworm therapy and for one month after end of therapy. Immediately discontinue Masaworm if a patient becomes pregnant and apprise the patient of the potential hazard to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations ].

5.3 Risk of Neurologic Symptoms in Neurocysticercosis

Patients being treated for neurocysticercosis should receive steroid and anticonvulsant therapy to prevent neurological symptoms (e.g. seizures, increased intracranial pressure and focal signs) as a result of an inflammatory reaction caused by death of the parasite within the brain.

5.4 Risk of Retinal Damage in Patients with Retinal Neurocysticercosis

Cysticercosis may involve the retina. Before initiating therapy for neurocysticercosis, examine the patient for the presence of retinal lesions. If such lesions are visualized, weigh the need for anticysticeral therapy against the possibility of retinal damage resulting from inflammatory damage caused by ALBENZA-induced death of the parasite.

5.5 Hepatic Effects

In clinical trials, treatment with Masaworm has been associated with mild to moderate elevations of hepatic enzymes in approximately 16% of patients. These elevations have generally returned to normal upon discontinuation of therapy. There have also been case reports of acute liver failure of uncertain causality and hepatitis [see Adverse Reactions ].

Monitor liver enzymes (transaminases) before the start of each treatment cycle and at least every 2 weeks during treatment. If hepatic enzymes exceed twice the upper limit of normal, consideration should be given to discontinuing Masaworm therapy based on individual patient circumstances. Restarting Masaworm treatment in patients whose hepatic enzymes have normalized off treatment is an individual decision that should take into account the risk/benefit of further Masaworm usage. Perform laboratory tests frequently if Masaworm treatment is restarted.

Patients with elevated liver enzyme test results are at increased risk for hepatotoxicity and bone marrow suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. Discontinue therapy if liver enzymes are significantly increased or if clinically significant decreases in blood cell counts occur.

5.6 Unmasking of Neurocysticercosis in Hydatid Patients

Undiagnosed neurocysticercosis may be uncovered in patients treated with Masaworm for other conditions. Patients with epidemiologic factors who are at risk for neurocysticercosis should be evaluated prior to initiation of therapy.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC at 1-888-894-6528 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch .

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

The adverse reaction profile of Masaworm differs between hydatid disease and neurocysticercosis. Adverse reactions occurring with a frequency of 1% or greater in either disease are described in Table 2 below.

These symptoms were usually mild and resolved without treatment. Treatment discontinuations were predominantly due to leukopenia (0.7%) or hepatic abnormalities (3.8% in hydatid disease). The following incidence reflects adverse reactions that were reported to be at least possibly or probably related to Masaworm.

Adverse Reaction Hydatid Disease Neurocysticercosis
Gastrointestinal
Abdominal Pain 6 0
Nausea 4 6
Vomiting 4 6
General disorders and administration site conditions
Fever 1 0
Investigations
Elevated Hepatic Enzymes 16 less than 1
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness 1 less than 1
Headache 1 11
Meningeal Signs 0 1
Raised Intracranial Pressure 0 2
Vertigo 1 less than 1
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Reversible Alopecia 2 less than 1

The following adverse events were observed at an incidence of less than 1%:

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: There have been reports of leukopenia, granulocytopenia, pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, or thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity reactions, including rash and urticaria.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Masaworm. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression, neutropenia.

Eye Disorders: Vision blurred.

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Diarrhea.

General System Disorders: Asthenia.

Hepatobiliary Disorders: Elevations of hepatic enzymes, hepatitis, acute liver failure.

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Rhabdomyolysis.

Nervous System Disorders: Somnolence, convulsion.

Renal and Urinary Disorders: Acute renal failure.

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

7.1 Dexamethasone

Steady-state trough concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide were about 56% higher when 8 mg dexamethasone was co-administered with each dose of Masaworm (15 mg/kg/day) in 8 neurocysticercosis patients.

7.2 Praziquantel

In the fed state, praziquantel increased mean maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of Masaworm sulfoxide by about 50% in healthy subjects (n = 10) compared with a separate group of subjects (n = 6) given Masaworm alone. Mean Tmax and mean plasma elimination half-life of Masaworm sulfoxide were unchanged. The pharmacokinetics of praziquantel were unchanged following co-administration with Masaworm (400 mg).

7.3 Cimetidine

Masaworm sulfoxide concentrations in bile and cystic fluid were increased (about 2-fold) in hydatid cyst patients treated with cimetidine (10 mg/kg/day) (n = 7) compared with Masaworm (20 mg/kg/day) alone (n = 12). Masaworm sulfoxide plasma concentrations were unchanged 4 hours after dosing.

7.4 Theophylline

Following a single dose of Masaworm (400 mg), the pharmacokinetics of theophylline (aminophylline 5.8 mg/kg infused over 20 minutes) were unchanged. Masaworm induces cytochrome P450 1A in human hepatoma cells; therefore, it is recommended that plasma concentrations of theophylline be monitored during and after treatment.

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8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category C.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Masaworm administration in pregnant women. Masaworm should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Masaworm should not be used in pregnant women except in clinical circumstances where no alternative management is appropriate. Obtain pregnancy test prior to prescribing Masaworm to women of reproductive potential. Advise women of reproductive potential to use effective birth control for the duration of Masaworm therapy and for one month after end of therapy. If a patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, Masaworm should be discontinued immediately. If pregnancy occurs while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

Masaworm has been shown to be teratogenic in pregnant rats and rabbits. The teratogenic response in the rat was shown at oral doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg/day (0.10 times and 0.32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area in mg/m2, respectively) during gestation days 6 to 15 and in pregnant rabbits at oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day (0.60 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area in mg/m2) administered during gestation days 7 to 19. In the rabbit study, maternal toxicity (33% mortality) was noted at 30 mg/kg/day. In mice, no teratogenic effects were observed at oral doses up to 30 mg/kg/day (0.16 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area in mg/m2), administered during gestation days 6 to 15.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

Masaworm is excreted in animal milk. It is not known whether it is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Masaworm is administered to a nursing woman.

8.4 Pediatric Use

Hydatid disease is uncommon in infants and young children. In neurocysticercosis, the efficacy of Masaworm in children appears to be similar to that in adults.

8.5 Geriatric Use

In patients aged 65 and older with either hydatid disease or neurocysticercosis, there was insufficient data to determine whether the safety and effectiveness of Masaworm is different from that of younger patients.

8.6 Patients with Impaired Renal Function

The pharmacokinetics of Masaworm in patients with impaired renal function has not been studied.

8.7 Patients with Extra-Hepatic Obstruction

In patients with evidence of extrahepatic obstruction (n = 5), the systemic availability of Masaworm sulfoxide was increased, as indicated by a 2-fold increase in maximum serum concentration and a 7-fold increase in area under the curve. The rate of absorption/conversion and elimination of Masaworm sulfoxide appeared to be prolonged with mean Tmax and serum elimination half-life values of 10 hours and 31.7 hours, respectively. Plasma concentrations of parent Masaworm were measurable in only 1 of 5 patients.

10 OVERDOSAGE

In case of overdosage, symptomatic therapy and general supportive measures are recommended.

11 DESCRIPTION

Masaworm (albendazole) is an orally administered anthelmintic drug. Chemically, it is methyl 5-(propylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate. Its molecular formula is C12H15N3O2S. Its molecular weight is 265.34. It has the following chemical structure:

Masaworm is a white to yellowish powder. It is freely soluble in anhydrous formic acid and very slightly soluble in ether and in methylene chloride. Masaworm is practically insoluble in alcohol and in water.

Tablets

Each white to off-white, circular, biconvex, bevel-edged film coated, TILTAB tablet is debossed with “ap” and “550” and contains 200 mg of Masaworm.

Inactive ingredients consist of: carnauba wax, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium saccharin, sodium starch glycolate, and starch.

Chewable Tablets

Each round, mottled pink, concave chewable tablet is debossed with “ap” above “551” and contains 200 mg of Masaworm.

Inactive ingredients consist of: lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, D-mannitol, sodium starch glycolate, povidone, N-C Wild Berry Type Flavor, magnesium stearate, crospovidone, polyvinyl acetate, sucralose, colloidal silicone dioxide, sodium lauryl sulfate, D&C Red #30/Helendon Pink Aluminum Lake.

methyl 5-(propylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Masaworm is a synthetic, antihelminthic drug of the class benzimidazole [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)].

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

Masaworm is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract due to its low aqueous solubility. Masaworm concentrations are negligible or undetectable in plasma as it is rapidly converted to the sulfoxide metabolite prior to reaching the systemic circulation. The systemic anthelmintic activity has been attributed to the primary metabolite, Masaworm sulfoxide. Oral bioavailability appears to be enhanced when Masaworm is coadministered with a fatty meal (estimated fat content 40 grams) as evidenced by higher (up to 5-fold on average) plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide as compared to the fasted state.

Maximal plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide were achieved 2 hours to 5 hours after dosing and were on average 1310 ng/mL (range 460 ng/mL to 1580 ng/mL) following oral doses of Masaworm (400 mg) in 6 hydatid disease patients, when administered with a fatty meal. Plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide increased in a dose-proportional manner over the therapeutic dose range following ingestion of a high-fat meal (fat content 43.1 grams). The mean apparent terminal elimination half-life of Masaworm sulfoxide ranged from 8 hours to 12 hours in 25 healthy subjects, as well as in 14 hydatid and 8 neurocysticercosis patients.

In a study conducted in 113 fed and 117 fasted healthy subjects, Masaworm chewable tablets were bioequivalent to Masaworm tablets following single 400 mg oral doses of Masaworm. In this study, the average time to reach the maximal plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide was 4.5 hours (range 2 to 10 hours) with a fatty meal (fat content 60 grams) and at 3 hours (range 1 to 5 hours) in the fasted state. Following administration of Masaworm chewable tablets, average maximal plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide were 804 ng/mL (range 202 to 2244 ng/mL) and 218 ng/mL (range 54 to 592 ng/mL) in the fed and fasted states, respectively. The apparent elimination half-life of Masaworm sulfoxide was comparable between Masaworm chewable tablets and Masaworm tablets when both were given either under fed or fasted conditions.

Following 4 weeks of treatment with Masaworm (200 mg three times daily), 12 patients’ plasma concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide were approximately 20% lower than those observed during the first half of the treatment period, suggesting that Masaworm may induce its own metabolism.

Distribution

Masaworm sulfoxide is 70% bound to plasma protein and is widely distributed throughout the body; it has been detected in urine, bile, liver, cyst wall, cyst fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Concentrations in plasma were 3-fold to 10-fold and 2-fold to 4-fold higher than those simultaneously determined in cyst fluid and CSF, respectively.

Metabolism and Excretion

Masaworm is rapidly converted in the liver to the primary metabolite, Masaworm sulfoxide, which is further metabolized to Masaworm sulfone and other primary oxidative metabolites that have been identified in human urine. Following oral administration, Masaworm has not been detected in human urine. Urinary excretion of Masaworm sulfoxide is a minor elimination pathway with less than 1% of the dose recovered in the urine. Biliary elimination presumably accounts for a portion of the elimination as evidenced by biliary concentrations of Masaworm sulfoxide similar to those achieved in plasma.

Specific Populations

Pediatrics

Following single-dose administration of 200 mg to 300 mg (approximately 10 mg/kg) Masaworm to 3 fasted and 2 fed pediatric patients with hydatid cyst disease (age range 6 to 13 years), Masaworm sulfoxide pharmacokinetics were similar to those observed in fed adults.

Geriatrics

Although no studies have investigated the effect of age on Masaworm sulfoxide pharmacokinetics, data in 26 hydatid cyst patients (up to 79 years) suggest pharmacokinetics similar to those in young healthy subjects.

12.4 Microbiology

Mechanism of Action

Masaworm binds to the colchicine-sensitive site of β-tubulin inhibiting their polymerization into microtubules. The decrease in microtubules in the intestinal cells of the parasites decreases their absorptive function, especially the uptake of glucose by the adult and larval forms of the parasites, and also depletes glycogen storage. Insufficient glucose results in insufficient energy for the production of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) and the parasite eventually dies.

Mechanism of Resistance

Parasitic resistance to Masaworm is caused by changes in amino acids that result in changes in the β-tubulin protein. This causes reduced binding of the drug to β-tubulin.

In the specified treatment indications Masaworm appears to be active against the larval forms of the following organisms:

Echinococcus granulosus

Taenia solium

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term carcinogenicity studies were conducted in mice and rats.

No evidence of increased incidence of tumors was found in the mice or rats at up to 400 mg/kg/day or 20 mg/kg/day respectively (2 times and 0.2 times the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis).

In genotoxicity tests, Masaworm was found negative in an Ames Salmonella/Microsome Plate mutation assay, Chinese Hamster Ovary chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse micronucleus test. In the in vitro BALB/3T3 cells transformation assay, Masaworm produced weak activity in the presence of metabolic activation while no activity was found in the absence of metabolic activation.

Masaworm did not adversely affect male or female fertility in the rat at an oral dose of 30 mg/kg/day (0.32 times the recommended human dose based on body surface area in mg/m2).

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

16.1 How Supplied

Tablets

Each white to off-white, circular, biconvex, bevel-edged film coated, TILTAB tablet is debossed with “ap” and “550” and contains 200 mg of Masaworm.

Bottles of 2 Tablets NDC 52054-550-22

Bottles of 28 Tablets NDC 52054-550-28

Chewable Tablets

Each round, mottled pink, concave chewable tablet is debossed with “ap” above “551” and contains 200 mg of Masaworm.

2 Tablets in 1 Blister Pack NDC 52054-551-22

6 Tablets in 1 Blister Pack; 2 Blister Packs in 1 Carton NDC 52054-551-12

16.2 Storage and Handling

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F).

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Patients should be advised that:


Masaworm and TILTAB are registered trademarks of GlaxoSmithKline, used with permission.

Distributed by:

Amedra Pharmaceuticals LLC

Horsham, PA 19044

LB# 799-04

Masaworm 2 count Masaworm 28 count

Masaworm pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Masaworm available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Masaworm destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Masaworm Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Masaworm pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."ALBENZA (ALBENDAZOLE) TABLET, FILM COATED ALBENZA (ALBENDAZOLE) TABLET, CHEWABLE [AMEDRA PHARMACEUTICALS LLC]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. Dailymed."ALBENDAZOLE: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "albendazole". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Masaworm?

Depending on the reaction of the Masaworm after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Masaworm not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Masaworm addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Masaworm, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Masaworm consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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