Linoladiol-H N

Estradiol:

• Linoladiol-H N information
• Linoladiol-H N indications
• Linoladiol-H N warnings
• Linoladiol-H N intake guidelines
• Linoladiol-H N dosage
• Linoladiol-H N overdose
• Linoladiol-H N missed dose
• Linoladiol-H N side effects
• Linoladiol-H N drug reactions
• Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) reviews

Linoladiol-H N information

Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) is a female sex hormone that regulates many functions in the female organism. This medicine is currently available under the form of tablets in two concentrations - 1 mg and 2 mg, respectively.

Linoladiol-H N indications

Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) is used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms such as vaginal dryness, irritation or burning, or hot flushes - other symptoms that are not listed here may be treated with this medicine as well. Also, this pharmaceutical preparation can be used as a prophylactic agent for the prevention of a medical condition known as osteoporosis in both female and male patients. In some cases, this medicine may also be employed in conjunction with other drugs as part of the treatment for certain types of cancer, both in the case of women and men.

There may be other uses for Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol), which are not covered in this leaflet. If you are interested to find out more about the possible uses of this product, it is recommended that you consult with a pharmacist or a specialized physician.

Linoladiol-H N warnings

Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) should not be administered to patients that are suffering from any type of disorder involving blood clots, or from circulatory / cardiac disorders. Patients who present an undiagnosed, abnormal vaginal bleeding may not start taking this medicine until they undergo medical examination and receive their physician's approval. Also, patients that have uterine cancer, breast cancer or any type of hormone-dependant cancer may not start a treatment with Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol).

Before you start a therapy course with this drug, it is strongly advised to inform your personal physician of any health problems you may be suffering from. In particular, affections such as hypertension, heart disease, angina, high triglyceride / cholesterol levels, renal or hepatic disease, asthma, migraines, epilepsy (or any other disorder involving seizures), diabetes or gallbladder disease should be mentioned, as well as past surgical procedures such as a hysterectomy. Patients suffering from these conditions may require special dosage adjustments or monitoring during the treatment.

Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) may not be administered during pregnancy. Also, for the duration of the therapy you will need to employ an effective, non-hormonal contraceptive method.

Pharmaceutical products based on Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) (including Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol)) increase the patients' risk of developing an affection known as endometrial hyperplasia. This can be countered by administration of progestin medication. It is recommended that you consult with your doctor for more information.

Linoladiol-H N intake guidelines

You need to take Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) exactly as directed by your health care specialist. You may take the tablets with a glass of water or with food to reduce stomach upset; however you may not chew, crush or break the tablets.

While following a treatment course with Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) you will need to undergo regular medical examination, typically on a monthly basis. Also, you will need to regularly self-examine your breasts for the presence of lumps.

Linoladiol-H N dosage

Your health care specialist will determine the Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) dosage appropriate for your case by taking into consideration a number of factors, most of which are characteristic to you; as such, your medication dosage is very likely to be different from that of other patients'. Because of that, you should never use the Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) dosage that has been prescribed to another patient - you may not obtain the desired results unless you employ the medication dosage best suited for your situation.

At the same time, your physician will inform you regarding the duration of the Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) therapy and the number of daily intakes. Make sure that you understand all of his or her indications. If you have trouble understanding or remembering any of the dosage directions, you should ask your physician to assist you by providing additional information.

Linoladiol-H N overdose

If an overdose with Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) is suspected, immediately contact the nearest hospital as the patient may need emergency medical assistance. The most common signs of an overdose are vaginal bleeding, nausea and vomiting.

Linoladiol-H N missed dose

In the event that you miss taking one of your Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) doses, take it when you remember before returning to your normal dosing schedule. However, you should skip taking the missed dose if it is almost time for another dose of the medicine. Consult with your physician if you have missed two or more intakes.

Linoladiol-H N side effects

Side effects of a treatment with Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) include nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, swelling of the breasts, sex drive changes, impotence (in the case of men), abnormal vaginal bleeding, vaginal dryness, discomfort or pain, break-through bleeding, menstrual period changes, jaundice, sudden weakness or numbness, breast lumps. These are not all the signs and symptoms that may appear. It is best that you check with your doctor at any point during the course of your therapy if anything unusual occurs.

Although uncommon, allergic reactions to Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) are possible. It is strongly recommended that you cease taking the medicine and contact your personal health care provider if you begin experiencing any of the characteristic symptoms - breathing difficulties, swelling of the throat, lips, tongue or face, rashes and hives.

Linoladiol-H N drug reactions

Linoladiol-H N (Estradiol) may interact with Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Ritonavir, Cimetidine, Carbamazepine, Rifampin, blood thinning agents such as Warfarin or with antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Ketoconazole or Itraconazole). Also, this product may interact with the herbal remedy St. John's wort. These are not all the possible drug reactions; it is best that you tell your prescriber about any other drugs you are currently taking prior to starting your treatment. In most cases, an adjustment to the medication dosage will ensure the safety of the treatment, reducing the risk of accidental interactions.

Prednisolone:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Linoladiol-H N prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) side effects, adverse reactions
• Linoladiol-H N contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Linoladiol-H N drug interactions
• Linoladiol-H N in case of emergency / overdose
• Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) reviews

Pharmacological action

Linoladiol-H N is a glucocorticosteroid (GCS). This medication inhibits the function of leukocytes and tissue macrophages. Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) restricts the migration of leukocytes in the area of inflammation. This drug violates the ability of macrophages to phagocytosis and the formation of interleukin-1. Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) contributes to the stabilization of lysosomal membranes, thereby reducing the concentration of proteolytic enzymes in inflammation. This medicine decreases capillary permeability caused by histamine release. Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) inhibits the activity of fibroblasts and collagen formation.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2 which leads to suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This medication inhibits the release of COX (especially COX-2), which also helps reduce the production of prostaglandins.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) reduces the number of circulating lymphocytes (T-and B-cells), monocytes, eosinophils and basophils as a result of their displacement from the bloodstream into lymphoid tissue; suppresses the formation of antibodies.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) inhibits the release of pituitary ACTH and beta-lipotropina but it does not reduces the level of circulating beta-endorphin. This drug also inhibits the secretion of TSH and FSH.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) has a vasoconstrictor effect with direct application to the vessels.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) has a pronounced dose-dependent effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. It stimulates gluconeogenesis, amino acid contributes to the capture of the liver and kidneys and increases the activity of enzymes of gluconeogenesis. In the liver, Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) enhances the deposition of glycogen by stimulating the activity of glikogensintetazy and synthesis of glucose from the products of protein metabolism. This medicine increases blood glucose activates the secretion of insulin.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) inhibits glucose uptake by fat cells that leads to the activation of lipolysis. However, due to an increase in insulin secretion is stimulated lipogenesis which contributes to the accumulation of fat.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) also has catabolic effects in lymphoid and connective tissue, muscle, adipose tissue, skin, bone tissue. To a lesser extent than hydrocortisone Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) affects the processes of water and electrolyte metabolism: promotes the excretion of potassium and calcium, delay in the body of sodium and water. Osteoporosis and Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome are the main factors limiting the long-term therapy with corticosteroids. As a result of the catabolic actions it may suppress growth in children.

In high doses prednisone can increase the excitability of brain tissue and contributes to lowering the threshold of convulsive readiness. This medication stimulates the excessive production of hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach which leads to the development of peptic ulcers.

When systemic use the therapeutic activity of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative action.

For external and local application the therapeutic activity of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiexudative (due to vasoconstrictor effect) effect.

As compared with hydrocortisone the anti-inflammatory activity of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is 4 times greater, the mineralocorticoid activity is 0.6 times smaller.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. C_max in plasma observed after 90 min. In plasma most of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is associated with transcortin (cortisol binding globulin). This drug metabolized primarily in the liver.

T_1/2 is about 200 minutes.

Why is Linoladiol-H N prescribed?

For oral and parenteral use: rheumatism; rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, periarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, asthma, asthmatic status, acute and chronic allergic diseases, anaphylaxis, Addison's disease, acute adrenal insufficiency, adrenogenital syndrome; hepatitis, hepatic coma, hypoglycemic states, lipid nephrosis; agranulocytosis, various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia; chorea; pemphigus, eczema, pruritus, exfoliative dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, seborrheic dermatitis, SLE, erythroderma, alopecia.

For intra-articular administration: chronic arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis of large joints, rheumatic destruction of individual joints, arthritis.

For the introduction of infiltration in the tissue: epicondylitis, tenosynovitis, bursitis, frozen shoulder, keloids, sciatica, Dupuytren's contracture, rheumatism and similar lesions of joints and various tissues.

For use in ophthalmology: allergies, chronic and atypical conjunctivitis and blepharitis; inflammation of the cornea with intact mucosa; acute and chronic inflammation of the anterior segment of the choroid, sclera and episcleritis; sympathetic inflammation of the eyeball; after injuries and operations during prolonged stimulation of eyeballs.

Dosage and administration

When Linoladiol-H N administered orally for replacement therapy in adults the initial dose is 20-30 mg, maintenance dose is 10.5 mg / day. If necessary, the initial dose is may be 15-100 mg / day, the maintenance one is 5-15 mg / day. The daily dose should be reduced gradually. For children the starting dose is 1-2 mg / kg in 4-6 receptions, the maintenance one is 300-600 mg / kg / day.

For IM or IV dose administration the multiplicity and duration of application are determined individually.

When intra-articular administration in large joints it used a dose of 25-50 mg, for medium-sized joints - 10-25 mg for small joints - 5-10 mg. For the introduction of infiltration into the tissues depending on disease severity and magnitude of the defeat use doses from 5 mg to 50 mg.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) used topically in ophthalmology 3 times / day, course of treatment is no more than 14 days; in dermatology - 1-3 times / day.

Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) side effects, adverse reactions

Endocrine system: menstrual irregularities, suppression of adrenal function, Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, suppression of pituitary-adrenal system, reduced tolerance to carbohydrates, steroid diabetes, or a manifestation of latent diabetes, growth retardation in children, delayed sexual development in children.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, steroid ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pancreatitis, esophagitis, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, increased or decreased appetite, flatulence, hiccups. In rare cases - elevated liver transaminases and alkaline phosphatase.

Metabolism: the negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism, increased excretion of calcium from the body, hypocalcemia, weight gain, increased sweating.

Cardiovascular system: the loss of potassium, hypokalemic alkalosis, arrhythmia, bradycardia (up to cardiac arrest); steroid myopathy, heart failure (the development or worsening of symptoms), ECG changes typical of hypokalemia, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, thrombosis. In patients with acute myocardial infarction - the spread of necrosis, slowing the formation of scar tissue that can lead to rupture of the heart muscle.

Musculoskeletal system: slowing growth and ossification processes in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones) and osteoporosis (very rarely - pathological fractures, aseptic necrosis of the humeral head and femoral), rupture of tendons of muscles, muscle weakness, steroid myopathy, loss of muscle mass (atrophy).

CNS: headache, increased intracranial pressure, delirium, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manic-depressive psychosis, depression, nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, pseudotumor cerebellum, and seizures.

Vision: the rear subcapsular cataracts, increased intraocular pressure (with the possible damage to the optic nerve), trophic changes of the cornea, exophthalmos, the propensity to develop secondary infections (bacterial, fungal, viral).

Dermatological reactions: petechiae, ecchymosis, thinning and fragility of the skin, hyper- or hypopigmentation, acne, stretch marks, susceptibility to the development of pyoderma and candidiasis.

Reactions due to immunosuppressive effect: slow process of regeneration, reduced resistance to infections.

For parenteral administration: in rare cases of anaphylactic and allergic reactions, hyper- or hypopigmentation, atrophy of skin and subcutaneous tissue, exacerbation after intrasinovialnogo applications such as Charcot arthropathy, sterile abscesses, when injected into pockets on the head - blindness.

Linoladiol-H N contraindications

For short-term use for health reasons - increased sensitivity to Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone).

For intra-articular injection and injection directly into the lesion: previous arthroplasty, abnormal bleeding (endogenous or caused by the use of anticoagulants), intra-articular fracture, infection (sepsis) inflammation in the joints and periarticular infections (including in history), as well as general infectious disease marked juxta-articular osteoporosis, lack of signs of inflammation in the joints ("dry" joint, such as osteoarthritis without synovitis), severe bone destruction and deformity of the joint (a sharp narrowing of joint space, ankylosis), the instability of the joint as a result of arthritis, aseptic necrosis of the epiphyses of bones forming the joint.

For external use only: bacterial, viral, fungal skin diseases, tuberculosis, skin, cutaneous manifestations of syphilis, skin tumors, post-vaccination period, violation of the integrity of the skin (ulcers, wounds), children's age (up to 2 years, with itching in the anal area - up to 12 years), rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis.

For use in ophthalmology: bacterial, viral, fungal eye diseases, tuberculosis eye disease, trachoma, violating the integrity of ocular epithelium.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

During pregnancy Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) is used only for health reasons. If necessary use of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) during lactation should carefully weigh the potential benefits of treatment for both mother and child at risk.

Special instructions

With care use for parasitic and infectious diseases of viral, fungal or bacterial origin - herpes simplex, herpes zoster (viraemic phase), chicken pox, measles, amoebiasis, strongyloidiasis, systemic mycosis, active and latent tuberculosis.

Be wary of up to 8 weeks before and 2 weeks after vaccination, and lymphadenitis after BCG, with immunodeficiency (including AIDS or HIV infection).

Be wary of diseases in gastrointestinal tract: gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers, esophagitis, gastritis, acute or latent peptic ulcer, the newly created anastomosis intestinal ulcerative colitis with the threat of perforation or abstsedirovaniya, diverticulitis. Be wary of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) use in diseases of the cardiovascular system, including after recent myocardial infarction, with decompensated congestive heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, with endocrine diseases - diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, pituitary basophilia, with severe chronic renal and / or liver failure, nefrourolitiaze, with hypoalbuminemia, with systemic osteoporosis, myasthenia gravis, acute psychosis, obesity III-IV stage, in poliomyelitis, open- and closed-angle glaucoma.

If necessary, intra-articular injection with caution in patients with severe general condition, failure (or brevity) of the 2 previous injections (with regard to individual properties apply GCS). During treatment (especially long-term) it needed to monitor at eye specialist, blood pressure control and water-electrolyte balance, and the pattern of peripheral blood glucose levels; to reduce the side effects can be assigned anabolic steroids, antibiotics, and increase the flow of potassium in the body (diet, potassium containing medications).

It is recommended to clarify the need for injection of ACTH after treatment with prednisone (after a skin test).

When Addison's disease should avoid the simultaneous use of barbiturates.

After cessation of treatment it may be experience a withdrawal syndrome, adrenal insufficiency and exacerbation of the disease, about which he was appointed Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) Rotexmedica.

When intercurrent infections, septic conditions, and tuberculosis, must be simultaneous antibiotic therapy.

The children in the period of growth GCS should be used only if absolutely indicated and under close medical supervision.

Externally Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) should not be used for more than 14 days. In case of application for ordinary or pink acne perhaps exacerbation.

Linoladiol-H N drug interactions

Simultaneous administration of Linoladiol-H N (Prednisolone) with: