Kamitrin

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Kamitrin uses


Pharmacological action

Kamitrin is an antidepressant tricyclic group of compounds derived dibenzocycloheptadiene.

The mechanism of antidepressant action is associated with an increased concentration of norepinephrine in the synapses and / or serotonin in the central nervous system depression due to reverse neuronal capture of these mediators. When anxiety and depressive states this medication reduces anxiety, agitation and depressive symptoms.

Also this drug has some analgesic effect, which is believed to be associated with changes in the concentrations of monoamines in the central nervous system, especially serotonin, and the influence on the endogenous opioid system.

It has distinct peripheral and central anticholinergic action, due to a high affinity for m-cholinergic receptors, a strong sedative effect connected with affinity for histamine H1-receptors and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking action.

Has antiulcer effect mechanism is due to the ability to block histamine H2-receptors in parietal cells of the stomach and provide a sedative and m-anticholinergic action. Its efficiency in the bed-wetting is caused, apparently, anticholinergic activity, which leads to an increase in the ability of the bladder to stretch, direct beta-adrenergic stimulation, the activity of alpha-adrenergic agonists, accompanied by increased tone of the sphincter and the central blockade of serotonin reuptake.

The mechanism of therapeutic action for bulimia nervosa is not installed (possibly similar to that for depression). It shown a clear efficacy of Kamitrin in bulimia patients without depression, as well as in its presence, and the reduction of bulimia can be observed without a concomitant weakening of the most depressed.

With general anesthesia reduces blood pressure and body temperature. Kamitrin does not inhibit MAO.

The antidepressant effect develops within 2-3 weeks after application.

Pharmacokinetics

The bioavailability of Kamitrin is 30-60%. The plasma protein binding is 82-96%. Vd is 5-10 L / kg. This medicine is metabolized to the active metabolite nortriptyline. T1/2 is 31-46 hours. Kamitrin excreted primarily by the kidneys.

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Why is Kamitrin prescribed?

Depression, schizophrenic psychoses, mixed emotional disorders, behavioral disorders (activity and attention), nocturnal enuresis (except in patients with hypotonia of the bladder), bulimia nervosa, chronic pain syndrome (chronic pain in cancer patients, migraine, rheumatic pain, atypical facial pain, postherpetic neuralgia, posttraumatic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy), prophylaxis of migraine, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer.

Dosage and administration

For oral administration the initial dose is 25-50 mg at night. Then, within 5-6 days the dose was increased to an individual 150-200 mg / day (most of the dose taken at night). If, during the second week of the improvement has not come, the daily dose increased to 300 mg. With the disappearance of symptoms of depression to reduce the dose of 50-100 mg / day and continue therapy for at least 3 months. In elderly patients with lung disorders the dose is 30-100 mg / day is usually 1 time / at night, after achieving the therapeutic effect switching to the minimum effective dose - 25-50 mg / day.

When nocturnal enuresis in children aged 6-10 years - 10-20 mg / overnight; at the age of 11-16 years - 25-50 mg / day.

For IM injections the initial dose is 50-100 mg / injection in 2-4 injections. If necessary, the dose can be gradually increased to 300 mg / day, in exceptional cases up to 400 mg / day.

Kamitrin side effects, adverse reactions

CNS and peripheral nervous system: drowsiness, fatigue, fainting, anxiety, confusion, agitation, hallucinations, anxiety, restlessness, mania, hypomania state, aggression, memory impairment, depersonalization, increased depression, decreased ability to concentrate, insomnia, nightmares, yawning, activation of psychosis symptoms, headache, myoclonus, dysarthria, tremor (especially of hands, head and tongue), peripheral neuropathy (paresthesia), myasthenia gravis, myoclonus, ataxia, extrapyramidal syndrome, acceleration and intensification of epileptic seizures, EEG changes.

Cardiovascular system: orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, conduction disturbances, dizziness, nonspecific ECG changes (ST interval or spike T), arrhythmias, blood pressure lability, impaired intraventricular conduction (widening complex QRS, change the interval PQ, block bundle-branch block).

Digestive system: nausea, heartburn, vomiting, gastralgia, increase or decrease in appetite (increase or decrease in body weight), disease, change in taste, diarrhea, darkening of the tongue, rarely - liver dysfunction, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis.

Endocrine: testicular swelling, gynecomastia, breast enlargement, galactorrhea, changes in libido, reduced potency, hypo-or hyperglycemia, hyponatremia (decreased production of vasopressin), a syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH.

Hematopoietic system: agranulocytosis, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, purpura, eosinophilia.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, rash, photosensitivity, swelling of the face and tongue.

Effects due to the anticholinergic activity: dry mouth, tachycardia, accommodation disturbances, blurred vision, mydriasis, increased intraocular pressure (only those with a narrow anterior chamber angle), constipation, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, decreased sweating, confusion, delirium or hallucinations.

Other: Hair loss, tinnitus, edema, hyperpyrexia, swollen lymph nodes, pollakiuria, hypoproteinemia.

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Kamitrin contraindications

The acute period and early recovery period after myocardial infarction, acute alcohol intoxication, acute poisoning with soporific, analgesic and psychotropic drugs, angle-closure glaucoma, severe AV- and intraventricular conduction (bundle branch block feet, AV-block II degree), lactation, children under 6 years of age (for oral administration), children under 12 years (for IV and IM injections), simultaneous treatment with inhibitors and a period of 2 weeks prior to their use, increased sensitivity to Kamitrin Actavis.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Kamitrin should not be used during pregnancy, especially in the I and III trimester, except in cases of extreme necessity. Adequate and well controlled clinical studies on the safety of Kamitrin during pregnancy was not conducted.

This drug excreted in breast milk and may cause drowsiness in infants.

Taking of Kamitrin should be phased out, at least 7 weeks prior to delivery to avoid the development of withdrawal syndrome in the newborn.

In experimental studies this medicine exerted teratogenic effects.

Special instructions

Use Kamitrin with caution in coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart block, heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke, chronic alcoholism, thyrotoxicosis, against the background of therapy with thyroid cancer.

The therapy Kamitrin it needed a caution when sharp transition in the vertical position of the "lying" or "sitting".

With a sharp stop taking may develop withdrawal symptoms.

Kamitrin in doses of 150 mg / day lowers the threshold of convulsive readiness; it possible a risk of epileptic seizures in susceptible patients, as well as the presence of other factors that increase the risk of seizures.

It should be noted that patients with depression may attempt suicide.

In conjunction with electroconvulsive therapy it should only be used with careful medical supervision.

In predisposed patients and elderly patients may provoke the development of drug psychosis, mainly at night (after the withdrawal of the drug are within a few days).

Kamitrin can cause paralytic ileus, mainly in patients with chronic constipation who are elderly or in patients who have to comply with bed rest.

Prior to the general or local anesthesia, the anesthesiologist it should be warned that patients taking Kamitrin.

With prolonged use, an increase the frequency of dental caries. May increase the need for riboflavin.

Kamitrin may be taken no earlier than 14 days after discontinuation of MAO inhibitors.

The drug should not be used in combination with adrenergic and sympathomimetic, including with epinephrine, ephedrine, isoprenaline, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine.

Use Kamitrin with caution in conjunction with other drugs, which have anticholinergic action.

While receiving Kamitrin to avoid drinking alcohol.

During the period of treatment you should refrain from potentially hazardous activities requiring increased attention and rapid psychomotor reactions.

Kamitrin drug interactions

When this drug applied simultaneously with:

- drugs have a depressing effect on the central nervous system, it is possibly a significant increase in inhibitory action on the central nervous system, hypotensive effect, respiratory depression.

- drugs with anticholinergic activity may increase anticholinergic effects.

- it may be enhance the action of sympathomimetic funds for the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmia, tachycardia, severe hypertension.

- antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) are relatively suppressed metabolism, with a reduction in the threshold of convulsive readiness.

- antihypertensive drugs (except clonidine, guanethidine and their derivatives) may increase the antihypertensive action and the risk of orthostatic hypotension.

- with MAO inhibitors may been developed a hypertensive crisis; with clonidine, guanethidine it may be decreased the hypotensive effect of clonidine or guanethidine; with barbiturates, carbamazepine it may be decreased the action of Kamitrin by increasing its metabolism.

- with sucralfate decreases absorption of Kamitrin; with fluvoxamine - increases the concentration of Kamitrin in blood plasma and the risk of toxic effects; with fluoxetine - increased concentration of Kamitrin in plasma and develop toxic reactions due to inhibition of isoenzyme CYP2D6 under the influence of fluoxetine; with quinidine - may slow metabolism of Kamitrin; with cimetidine - may slow metabolism of Kamitrin, increasing its concentration in blood plasma and the development of toxic effects.

While taking alcohol the action of ethanol increases, especially during the first few days of therapy.

There was described a case of serotonin syndrome with simultaneously use with sertraline.

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Kamitrin pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Kamitrin available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Kamitrin destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Kamitrin Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Kamitrin pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. "amitriptyline". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  2. "amitriptyline". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0032... (accessed August 28, 2018).
  3. "1806D8D52K: The UNique Ingredient Identifier (UNII) is an alphanumeric substance identifier from the joint FDA/USP Substance Registration System (SRS).". https://www.fda.gov/ForIndustry/Dat... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Kamitrin?

Depending on the reaction of the Kamitrin after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Kamitrin not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Kamitrin addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Kamitrin, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Kamitrin consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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