Eloxatin

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Eloxatin uses


1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Eloxatin, used in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, is indicated for:


Eloxatin is a platinum-based drug used in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil /leucovorin, which is indicated for:

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Eloxatin should be administered under the supervision of a qualified physician experienced in the use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Appropriate management of therapy and complications is possible only when adequate diagnostic and treatment facilities are readily available.

2.1 Dosage

Administer Eloxatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin every 2 weeks. For advanced disease, treatment is recommended until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. For adjuvant use, treatment is recommended for a total of 6 months (12 cycles):

Day 1: Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 intravenous infusion in 250-500 mL 5% Dextrose injection, USP and leucovorin 200 mg/m2 intravenous infusion in 5% Dextrose Injection, USP both given over 120 minutes at the same time in separate bags using a Y-line, followed by 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 intravenous bolus given over 2 to 4 minutes, followed by 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 intravenous infusion in 500 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP (recommended) as a 22-hour continuous infusion.

Day 2: Leucovorin 200 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 120 minutes, followed by 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 intravenous bolus given over 2 to 4 minutes, followed by 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 intravenous infusion in 500 mL 5% Dextrose Injection, USP (recommended) as a 22-hour continuous infusion.

The administration of Eloxatin does not require prehydration. Premedication with antiemetics, including 5-HT3 blockers with or without dexamethasone, is recommended.

For information on 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin, see the respective package inserts.

Figure 1

2.2 Dose Modification Recommendations

Prior to subsequent therapy cycles, patients should be evaluated for clinical toxicities and recommended laboratory tests [see Warnings and Precautions ]. Prolongation of infusion time for Eloxatin from 2 hours to 6 hours may mitigate acute toxicities. The infusion times for 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin do not need to be changed.

Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer

Neuropathy and other toxicities were graded using the NCI CTC scale version 1 [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ].

For patients who experience persistent Grade 2 neurosensory events that do not resolve, a dose reduction of Eloxatin to 75 mg/m2 should be considered. For patients with persistent Grade 3 neurosensory events, discontinuing therapy should be considered. The infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen need not be altered.

A dose reduction of Eloxatin to 75 mg/m2 and infusional 5-fluorouracil to 300 mg/m2 bolus and 500 mg/m2 22 hour infusion is recommended for patients after recovery from grade 3/4 gastrointestinal (despite prophylactic treatment), or grade 4 neutropenia, or febrile neutropenia, or grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. The next dose should be delayed until: neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 109/L and platelets ≥ 75 x 109/L.

Dose Modifications in Therapy in Previously Untreated and Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Neuropathy was graded using a study-specific neurotoxicity scale [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Other toxicities were graded by the NCI CTC, Version 2.0.

For patients who experience persistent Grade 2 neurosensory events that do not resolve, a dose reduction of Eloxatin to 65 mg/m2 should be considered. For patients with persistent Grade 3 neurosensory events, discontinuing therapy should be considered. The 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen need not be altered.

A dose reduction of Eloxatin to 65 mg/m2 and 5-fluorouracil by 20% (300 mg/m2 bolus and 500 mg/m2 22-hour infusion) is recommended for patients after recovery from grade 3/4 gastrointestinal (despite prophylactic treatment) or grade 4 neutropenia or grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. The next dose should be delayed until: neutrophils ≥ 1.5 x 109/L and platelets ≥ 75 x 109/L.

Dose Modifications in Therapy for Patients with Renal Impairment

In patients with normal renal function or mild to moderate renal impairment, the recommended dose of Eloxatin is 85 mg/m2. In patients with severe renal impairment, the initial recommended Eloxatin dose should be reduced to 65 mg/m2 [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].


2.3 Preparation of Infusion Solution

Reconstitution or final dilution must never be performed with a sodium chloride solution or other chloride containing solutions.

The lyophilized powder is reconstituted by adding 10 mL (for the 50 mg vial) or 20 mL (for the 100 mg vial) of Water for Injection, USP or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP. Do not administer the reconstituted solution without further dilution. The reconstituted solution must be further diluted in an infusion solution of 250-500 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP.

After reconstitution in the original vial, the solution may be stored up to 24 hours under refrigeration [2-8°C (36-46°F)]. After final dilution with 250-500 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, the shelf life is 6 hours at room temperature [20-25°C (68-77°F)] or up to 24 hours under refrigeration [2-8°C (36-46°F)].

Eloxatin for Injection, USP is not light sensitive.

Eloxatin Injection, USP is incompatible in solution with alkaline medications or media (such as basic solutions of 5-fluorouracil) and must not be mixed with these or administered simultaneously through the same infusion line. The infusion line should be flushed with 5% Dextrose Injection, USP prior to administration of any concomitant medication.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and discarded if present.

Needles or intravenous administration sets containing aluminum parts that may come in contact with Eloxatin Injection, USP should not be used for the preparation or mixing of the drug. Aluminum has been reported to cause degradation of platinum compounds.

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3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Eloxatin for Injection, USP is supplied in single-use vials containing 50 mg or 100 mg of Eloxatin as a sterile, preservative-free lyophilized powder for reconstitution.

Single-use vials of 50 mg or 100 mg Eloxatin as a sterile, preservative-free lyophilized powder for reconstitution. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Eloxatin should not be administered to patients with a history of known allergy to Eloxatin or other platinum compounds [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Allergic Reactions

See boxed warning

Grade 3/4 hypersensitivity, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, to Eloxatin has been observed in 2 to 3% of colon cancer patients. These allergic reactions which can be fatal, can occur within minutes of administration and at any cycle, and were similar in nature and severity to those reported with other platinum-containing compounds, such as rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritus, and, rarely, bronchospasm and hypotension. The symptoms associated with hypersensitivity reactions reported in the previously untreated patients were urticaria, pruritus, flushing of the face, diarrhea associated with Eloxatin infusion, shortness of breath, bronchospasm, diaphoresis, chest pains, hypotension, disorientation and syncope. These reactions are usually managed with standard epinephrine, corticosteroid, antihistamine therapy, and require discontinuation of therapy. Rechallenge is contraindicated in these patients [see Contraindications (4) ]. Drug-related deaths associated with platinum compounds from anaphylaxis have been reported.

5.2 Neurologic Toxicity

Neuropathy

Eloxatin is associated with two types of neuropathy:

An acute, reversible, primarily peripheral, sensory neuropathy that is of early onset, occurring within hours or one to two days of dosing, that resolves within 14 days, and that frequently recurs with further dosing. The symptoms may be precipitated or exacerbated by exposure to cold temperature or cold objects and they usually present as transient paresthesia, dysesthesia and hypoesthesia in the hands, feet, perioral area, or throat. Jaw spasm, abnormal tongue sensation, dysarthria, eye pain, and a feeling of chest pressure have also been observed. The acute, reversible pattern of sensory neuropathy was observed in about 56% of study patients who received Eloxatin with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. In any individual cycle acute neurotoxicity was observed in approximately 30% of patients. In adjuvant patients the median cycle of onset for grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy was 9 in the previously treated patients the median number of cycles administered on the Eloxatin with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm was 6.

An acute syndrome of pharyngolaryngeal dysesthesia seen in 1 to 2% of patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer, and the previously treated patients, is characterized by subjective sensations of dysphagia or dyspnea, without any laryngospasm or bronchospasm (no stridor or wheezing). Ice (mucositis prophylaxis) should be avoided during the infusion of Eloxatin because cold temperature can exacerbate acute neurological symptoms.

A persistent (> 14 days), primarily peripheral, sensory neuropathy that is usually characterized by paresthesias, dysesthesias, hypoesthesias, but may also include deficits in proprioception that can interfere with daily activities (e.g., writing, buttoning, swallowing, and difficulty walking from impaired proprioception). These forms of neuropathy occurred in 48% of the study patients receiving Eloxatin with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Persistent neuropathy can occur without any prior acute neuropathy event. The majority of the patients (80%) who developed grade 3 persistent neuropathy progressed from prior Grade 1 or 2 events. These symptoms may improve in some patients upon discontinuation of Eloxatin.

In the adjuvant colon cancer trial, neuropathy was graded using a prelisted module derived from the Neuro-Sensory section of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) scale, Version 1, as follows:


Grade


Definition


Grade 0


No change or none


Grade 1


Mild paresthesias, loss of deep tendon reflexes


Grade 2


Mild or moderate objective sensory loss, moderate paresthesias


Grade 3


Severe objective sensory loss or paresthesias that interfere with function


Grade 4


Not applicable


Peripheral sensory neuropathy was reported in adjuvant patients treated with the Eloxatin combination with a frequency of 92% (all grades) and 13% (grade 3). At the 28-day follow-up after the last treatment cycle, 60% of all patients had any grade (Grade 1=40%, Grade 2=16%, Grade 3=5%) peripheral sensory neuropathy decreasing to 39% at 6 months follow-up (Grade 1=31%, Grade 2=7%, Grade 3=1%) and 21% at 18 months of follow-up (Grade 1=17%, Grade 2=3%, Grade 3=1%).

In the advanced colorectal cancer studies, neuropathy was graded using a study-specific neurotoxicity scale, which was different from the NCI CTC scale, Version 2.0.


Grade


Definition


Grade 1


Resolved and did not interfere with functioning


Grade 2


Interfered with function but not daily activities


Grade 3


Pain or functional impairment that interfered with daily activities


Grade 4


Persistent impairment that is disabling or life-threatening


Overall, neuropathy was reported in patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer in 82% (all grades) and 19% (grade 3/4), and in the previously treated patients in 74% (all grades) and 7% (grade 3/4) events. Information regarding reversibility of neuropathy was not available from the trial for patients who had not been previously treated for colorectal cancer.

Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome

Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS, also known as PRES, Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome) has been observed in clinical trials (< 0.1%) and postmarketing experience. Signs and symptoms of RPLS could be headache, altered mental functioning, seizures, abnormal vision from blurriness to blindness, associated or not with hypertension [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ]. Diagnosis of RPLS is based upon confirmation by brain imaging.

5.3 Severe Neutropenia

Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 41 to 44% of patients with colorectal cancer treated with Eloxatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin compared to 5% with 5-FU plus leucovorin alone. Sepsis, neutropenic sepsis and septic shock have been reported in patients treated with Eloxatin, including fatal outcomes [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].

Delay Eloxatin until neutrophils are ≥1.5 x 109/L. Withhold Eloxatin for sepsis or septic shock. Dose reduce Eloxatin after recovery from Grade 4 neutropenia or febrile neutropenia [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ].

5.4 Pulmonary Toxicity

Eloxatin has been associated with pulmonary fibrosis, which may be fatal. The combined incidence of cough and dyspnea was 7.4% (any grade) and <1% (grade 3) with no grade 4 events in the Eloxatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm compared to 4.5% (any grade) and no grade 3 and 0.1% grade 4 events in the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone arm in adjuvant colon cancer patients. In this study, one patient died from eosinophilic pneumonia in the Eloxatin combination arm. The combined incidence of cough, dyspnea and hypoxia was 43% (any grade) and 7% (grade 3 and 4) in the Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm compared to 32% (any grade) and 5% (grade 3 and 4) in the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm of unknown duration for patients with previously untreated colorectal cancer. In case of unexplained respiratory symptoms such as non-productive cough, dyspnea, crackles, or radiological pulmonary infiltrates, Eloxatin should be discontinued until further pulmonary investigation excludes interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis.

5.5 Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity as evidenced in the adjuvant study, by increase in transaminases (57% vs. 34%) and alkaline phosphatase (42% vs. 20%) was observed more commonly in the Eloxatin combination arm than in the control arm. The incidence of increased bilirubin was similar on both arms. Changes noted on liver biopsies include: peliosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia or sinusoidal alterations, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and veno-occlusive lesions. Hepatic vascular disorders should be considered, and if appropriate, should be investigated in case of abnormal liver function test results or portal hypertension, which cannot be explained by liver metastases [ see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].

5.6 Cardiovascular Toxicity

QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias including fatal Torsade de Pointes have been reported in postmarketing experiences following Eloxatin administration. ECG monitoring is recommended if therapy is initiated in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics, and electrolyte abnormalities. Correct hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia prior to initiating Eloxatin and monitor these electrolytes periodically during therapy. Avoid Eloxatin in patients with congenital long QT syndrome [see Adverse Reactions ].

5.7 Rhabdomyolysis

Rhabdomyolysis, including fatal cases, has been reported in patients treated with Eloxatin. Discontinue Eloxatin if any signs or symptoms of rhabdomyolysis occur [see Adverse Reactions (6.2) ].

5.8 Use in Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category D

Eloxatin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Eloxatin in pregnant women. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant while receiving treatment with Eloxatin [ see Use in Specific Populations ].

5.9 Recommended Laboratory Tests

Standard monitoring of the white blood cell count with differential, hemoglobin, platelet count, and blood chemistries (including ALT, AST, bilirubin and creatinine) is recommended before each Eloxatin cycle [ see Dosage and Administration (2) ] .

There have been reports while on study and from post-marketing surveillance of prolonged prothrombin time and INR occasionally associated with hemorrhage in patients who received Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin while on anticoagulants. Patients receiving Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and requiring oral anticoagulants may require closer monitoring.

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following serious adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the label:


Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 40%) were peripheral sensory neuropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, increase in transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, diarrhea, emesis, fatigue and stomatitis. Other adverse reactions, including serious adverse reactions, have been reported. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Hospira, Inc. at 1-800-441-4100, or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

More than 1100 patients with stage II or III colon cancer and more than 4,000 patients with advanced colorectal cancer have been treated in clinical studies with Eloxatin. The most common adverse reactions in patients with stage II or III colon cancer receiving adjuvant therapy were peripheral sensory neuropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, increase in transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, diarrhea, emesis, fatigue and stomatitis. The most common adverse reactions in previously untreated and treated patients were peripheral sensory neuropathies, fatigue, neutropenia, nausea, emesis, and diarrhea [ see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] .

Combination Adjuvant Therapy with Eloxatin and Infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in Patients with Colon Cancer

One thousand one hundred and eight patients with stage II or III colon cancer, who had undergone complete resection of the primary tumor, have been treated in a clinical study with Eloxatin in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] . The incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions was 70% on the Eloxatin combination arm, and 31% on the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. The adverse reactions in this trial are shown in the tables below. Discontinuation of treatment due to adverse reactions occurred in 15% of the patients receiving Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Both 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and Eloxatin are associated with gastrointestinal or hematologic adverse reactions. When Eloxatin is administered in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, the incidence of these events is increased.

The incidence of death within 28 days of last treatment, regardless of causality, was 0.5% (n=6) in both the Eloxatin combination and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arms, respectively. Deaths within 60 days from initiation of therapy were 0.3% (n=3) in both the Eloxatin combination and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arms, respectively. On the Eloxatin combination arm, 3 deaths were due to sepsis/neutropenic sepsis, 2 from intracerebral bleeding and one from eosinophilic pneumonia. On the 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm, one death was due to suicide, 2 from Steven-Johnson Syndrome (1 patient also had sepsis), 1 unknown cause, 1 anoxic cerebral infarction and 1 probable abdominal aorta rupture.

The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the adjuvant therapy colon cancer clinical trial [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% and for NCI grade 3/4 events with incidences ≥ 1%.

1 Includes thrombosis related to the catheter



Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=1108


5-FU/LV

N=1111


Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


Any Event


100


70


99


31


Allergy/Immunology


Allergic Reaction


10


3


2


<1


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain


Fatigue


44


4


38


1


Abdominal Pain


18


1


17


2


Dermatology/Skin


Skin Disorder


32


2


36


2


Injection Site Reaction1


11


3


10


3


Gastrointestinal


Nausea


74


5


61


2


Diarrhea


56


11


48


7


Vomiting


47


6


24


1


Stomatitis


42


3


40


2


Anorexia


13


1


8


<1


Fever/Infection


Fever


27


1


12


1


Infection


25


4


25


3


Neurology


Overall Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy


92


12


16


<1


The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the adjuvant therapy colon cancer clinical trial [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% but with incidences <1% NCI grade 3/4 events.




Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=1108


5-FU/LV

N=1111


Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)


All Grades

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Allergy/Immunology


Rhinitis


6


8


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual


Epistaxis


16


12


Weight Increase


10


10


Conjunctivitis


9


15


Headache


7


5


Dyspnea


5


3


Pain


5


5


Lacrimation Abnormal


4


12


Dermatology/Skin


Alopecia


30


28


Gastrointestinal


Constipation


22


19


Taste Perversion


12


8


Dyspepsia


8


5


Metabolic


Phosphate Alkaline Increased


42


20


Neurology


Sensory Disturbance


8


1


Although specific events can vary, the overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in men and women and in patients <65 and ≥ 65 years. However, the following grade 3/4 events were more common in females: diarrhea, fatigue, granulocytopenia, nausea and vomiting. In patients ≥ 65 years old, the incidence of grade 3/4 diarrhea and granulocytopenia was higher than in younger patients. Insufficient subgroup sizes prevented analysis of safety by race. The following additional adverse reactions, were reported in ≥ 2% and <5% of the patients in the Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency): pain, leukopenia, weight decrease, coughing.

The number of patients who developed secondary malignancies was similar; 62 in the Eloxatin combination arm and 68 in the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. An exploratory analysis showed that the number of deaths due to secondary malignancies was 1.96% in the Eloxatin combination arm and 0.98% in infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. In addition, the number of cardiovascular deaths was 1.4% in the Eloxatin combination arm as compared to 0.7% in the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. Clinical significance of these findings is unknown.

Patients Previously Untreated for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Two hundred and fifty-nine patients were treated in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm of the randomized trial in patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer [ see Clinical Studies (14) ]. The adverse reaction profile in this study was similar to that seen in other studies and the adverse reactions in this trial are shown in the tables below.

Both 5-fluorouracil and Eloxatin are associated with gastrointestinal and hematologic adverse reactions. When Eloxatin is administered in combination with 5-fluorouracil, the incidence of these events is increased.

The incidence of death within 30 days of treatment in the previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer study, regardless of causality, was 3% with the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination, 5% with irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, and 3% with Eloxatin plus irinotecan. Deaths within 60 days from initiation of therapy were 2.3% with the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination, 5.1% with irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, and 3.1% with Eloxatin plus irinotecan. The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer study [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% and for grade 3/4 events with incidences ≥ 1%.

Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=259

Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=256

Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=258

Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)

* Not otherwise specified

** Absolute neutrophil count


Any Event


99


82


98


70


99


76


Allergy/Immunology


Hypersensitivity


12


2


5


0


6


1


Cardiovascular


Thrombosis


6


5


6


6


3


3


Hypotension


5


3


6


3


4


3


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual


Fatigue


70


7


58


11


66


16


Abdominal Pain


29


8


31


7


39


10


Myalgia


14


2


6


0


9


2


Pain


7


1


5


1


6


1


Vision Abnormal


5


0


2


1


6


1


Neuralgia


5


0


0


0


2


1


Dermatology/Skin


Skin reaction – Hand/Foot


7


1


2


1


1


0


Injection Site Reaction


6


0


1


0


4


1


Gastrointestinal


Nausea


71


6


67


15


83


19


Diarrhea


56


12


65


29


76


25


Vomiting


41


4


43


13


64


23


Stomatitis


38


0


25


1


19


1


Anorexia


35


2


25


4


27


5


Constipation


32


4


27


2


21


2


Diarrhea-Colostomy


13


2


16


7


16


3


Gastrointestinal NOS*


5


2


4


2


3


2


Hematology/Infection


Infection Normal ANC**


10


4


5


1


7


2


Infection Low ANC**


8


8


12


11


9


8


Lymphopenia


6


2


4


1


5


2


Febrile Neutropenia


4


4


15


14


12


11


Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal


Hyperglycemia


14


2


11


3


12


3


Hypokalemia


11


3


7


4


6


2


Dehydration


9


5


16


11


14


7


Hypoalbuminemia


8


0


5


2


9


1


Hyponatremia


8


2


7


4


4


1


Urinary Frequency


5


1


2


1


3


1


Neurology


Overall Neuropathy


82


19


18


2


69


7


Paresthesias


77


18


16


2


62


6


Pharyngo-laryngeal dysesthesias


38


2


1


0


28


1


Neuro-sensory


12


1


2


0


9


1


Neuro NOS*


1


0


1


0


1


0


Pulmonary


Cough


35


1


25


2


17


1


Dyspnea


18


7


14


3


11


2


Hiccups


5


1


2


0


3


2


The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer study [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% but with incidences <1% NCI Grade 3/4 events.


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=259

Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=256

Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=258

Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)

All Grades

(%)

All Grades

(%)

All Grades

(%)


Allergy/Immunology


Rash


11


4


7


Rhinitis Allergic


10


6


6


Cardiovascular


Edema


15


13


10


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual


Headache


13


6


9


Weight Loss


11


9


11


Epistaxis


10


2


2


Tearing


9


1


2


Rigors


8


2


7


Dysphasia


5


3


3


Sweating


5


6


12


Arthralgia


5


5


8


Dermatology/Skin


Alopecia


38


44


67


Flushing


7


2


5


Pruritis


6


4


2


Dry Skin


6


2


5


Gastrointestinal


Taste Perversion


14


6


8


Dyspepsia


12


7


5


Flatulence


9


6


5


Mouth Dryness


5


2


3


Hematology/Infection


Fever Normal ANCAbsolute neutrophil count


16


9


9


Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal


Hypocalcemia


7


5


4


Elevated Creatinine


4


4


5


Neurology


Insomnia


13


9


11


Depression


9


5


7


Dizziness


8


6


10


Anxiety


5


2


6


Adverse reactions were similar in men and women and in patients <65 and ≥ 65 years, but older patients may have been more susceptible to diarrhea, dehydration, hypokalemia, leukopenia, fatigue and syncope. The following additional adverse reactions, at least possibly related to treatment and potentially important, were reported in ≥ 2% and <5% of the patients in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency): metabolic, pneumonitis, catheter infection, vertigo, prothrombin time, pulmonary, rectal bleeding, dysuria, nail changes, chest pain, rectal pain, syncope, hypertension, hypoxia, unknown infection, bone pain, pigmentation changes, and urticaria.

Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Four hundred and fifty patients (about 150 receiving the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin) were studied in a randomized trial in patients with refractory and relapsed colorectal cancer [ see Clinical Studies (14) ]. The adverse reaction profile in this study was similar to that seen in other studies and the adverse reactions in this trial are shown in the tables below. Thirteen percent of patients in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm and 18% in the 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm of the previously treated study had to discontinue treatment because of adverse effects related to gastrointestinal, or hematologic adverse reactions, or neuropathies. Both 5-fluorouracil and Eloxatin are associated with gastrointestinal and hematologic adverse reactions. When Eloxatin is administered in combination with 5-fluorouracil, the incidence of these events is increased.

The incidence of death within 30 days of treatment in the previously treated study, regardless of causality, was 5% with the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination, 8% with Eloxatin alone, and 7% with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. Of the 7 deaths that occurred on the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm within 30 days of stopping treatment, 3 may have been treatment related, associated with gastrointestinal bleeding or dehydration.

The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the previously treated study [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and in decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% and for grade 3/4 events with incidences ≥ 1%. This table does not include hematologic and blood chemistry abnormalities; these are shown separately below.


5-FU/LV

(N = 142)

Eloxatin

(N = 153)

Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N = 150)

Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)

All Grades

(%)

Grade 3/4

(%)


Any Event


98


41


100


46


99


73


Cardiovascular


Dyspnea


11


2


13


7


20


4


Coughing


9


0


11


0


19


1


Edema


13


1


10


1


15


1


Thromboembolism


4


2


2


1


9


8


Chest Pain


4


1


5


1


8


1


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain


Fatigue


52


6


61


9


68


7


Back Pain


16


4


11


0


19


3


Pain


9


3


14


3


15


2


Dermatology/Skin


Injection Site Reaction


5


1


9


0


10


3


Gastrointestinal


Diarrhea


44


3


46


4


67


11


Nausea


59


4


64


4


65


11


Vomiting


27


4


37


4


40


9


Stomatitis


32


3


14


0


37


3


Abdominal Pain


31


5


31


7


33


4


Anorexia


20


1


20


2


29


3


Gastroesophageal Reflux


3


0


1


0


5


2


Hematology/Infection


Fever


23


1


25


1


29


1


Febrile Neutropenia


1


1


0


0


6


6


Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal


Hypokalemia


3


1


3


2


9


4


Dehydration


6


4


5


3


8


3


Neurology


Neuropathy


17


0


76


7


74


7


Acute


10


0


65


5


56


2


Persistent


9


0


43


3


48


6


The following table provides adverse reactions reported in the previously treated study [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] by body system and in decreasing order of frequency in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm for events with overall incidences ≥ 5% but with incidences <1% NCI Grade 3/4 events.




5-FU/LV

(N = 142)


Eloxatin

(N = 153)


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N = 150)


Adverse Reaction

(WHO/Pref)


All Grades (%)


All Grades (%)


All Grades (%)


Allergy/Immunology


Rhinitis


4


6


15


Allergic Reaction


1


3


10


Rash


5


5


9


Cardiovascular


Peripheral Edema


11


5


10


Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual


Headache


8


13


17


Arthralgia


10


7


10


Epistaxis


1


2


9


Abnormal Lacrimation


6


1


7


Rigors


6


9


7


Dermatology/Skin


Hand-Foot Syndrome


13


1


11


Flushing


2


3


10


Alopecia


3


3


7


Gastrointestinal


Constipation


23


31


32


Dyspepsia


10


7


14


Taste Perversion


1


5


13


Mucositis


10


2


7


Flatulence


6


3


5


Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal


Hematuria


4


0


6


Dysuria


1


1


6


Neurology


Dizziness


8


7


13


Insomnia


4


11


9


Pulmonary


Upper Resp Tract Infection


4


7


10


Pharyngitis


10


2


9


Hiccup


0


2


5


Adverse reactions were similar in men and women and in patients <65 and ≥ 65 years, but older patients may have been more susceptible to dehydration, diarrhea, hypokalemia and fatigue. The following additional adverse reactions, at least possibly related to treatment and potentially important, were reported in ≥ 2% and <5% of the patients in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency): anxiety, myalgia, erythematous rash, increased sweating, conjunctivitis, weight decrease, dry mouth, rectal hemorrhage, depression, ataxia, ascites, hemorrhoids, muscle weakness, nervousness, tachycardia, abnormal micturition frequency, dry skin, pruritus, hemoptysis, purpura, vaginal hemorrhage, melena, somnolence, pneumonia, proctitis, involuntary muscle contractions, intestinal obstruction, gingivitis, tenesmus, hot flashes, enlarged abdomen, urinary incontinence.

Hematologic Changes

The following tables list the hematologic changes occurring in ≥ 5% of patients, based on laboratory values and NCI grade, with the exception of those events occurring in adjuvant patients and anemia in the patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer, respectively, which are based on AE reporting and NCI grade alone.


Hematology Parameter


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N=1108)


5-FU/LV

(N=1111)


All Grades (%)


Grade 3/4 (%)


All Grades (%)


Grade 3/4 (%)


Anemia


76


1


67


<1


Neutropenia


79


41


40


5


Thrombocytopenia


77


2


19


<1


Hematology Parameter


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=259


Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=256


Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=258


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


Anemia


27


3


28


4


25


3


Leukopenia


85


20


84


23


76


24


Neutropenia


81


53


77


44


71


36


Thrombocytopenia


71


5


26


2


44


4


Hematology Parameter


5-FU/LV

(N=142)


Eloxatin

(N=153)


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N=150)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


Anemia


68


2


64


1


81


2


Leukopenia


34


1


13


0


76


19


Neutropenia


25


5


7


0


73


44


Thrombocytopenia


20


0


30


3


64


4


Thrombocytopenia and Bleeding

Thrombocytopenia was frequently reported with the combination of Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. The incidence of all hemorrhagic events in the adjuvant and previously treated patients was higher on the Eloxatin combination arm compared to the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. These events included gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, and epistaxis. In the adjuvant trial, two patients died from intracerebral hemorrhages.

The incidence of Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 2% in adjuvant patients with colon cancer. In patients treated for advanced colorectal cancer the incidence of Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 3 to 5%, and the incidence of these events was greater for the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin over the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin or 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin control groups. Grade 3/4 gastrointestinal bleeding was reported in 0.2% of adjuvant patients receiving Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. In the previously untreated patients, the incidence of epistaxis was 10% in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm, and 2% and 1%, respectively, in the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin or irinotecan plus Eloxatin arms.

Neutropenia

Neutropenia was frequently observed with the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, with Grade 3 and 4 events reported in 29% and 12% of adjuvant patients with colon cancer, respectively. In the adjuvant trial, 3 patients died from sepsis/neutropenic sepsis. Grade 3 and 4 events were reported in 35% and 18% of the patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer, respectively. Grade 3 and 4 events were reported in 27% and 17% of previously treated patients, respectively. In adjuvant patients the incidence of either febrile neutropenia (0.7%) or documented infection with concomitant grade 3/4 neutropenia (1.1%) was 1.8% in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. The incidence of febrile neutropenia in the patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer was 15% (3% of cycles) in the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm and 4% (less than 1% of cycles) in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm. Additionally, in this same population, infection with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was 12% in the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, and 8% in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination.

The incidence of febrile neutropenia in the previously treated patients was 1% in the 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm and 6% (less than 1% of cycles) in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm.

Gastrointestinal

In patients receiving the combination of Eloxatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin for adjuvant treatment for colon cancer the incidence of Grade 3/4 nausea and vomiting was greater than those receiving infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone. In patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer receiving the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, the incidence of Grade 3 and 4 vomiting and diarrhea was less compared to irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin controls. In previously treated patients receiving the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, the incidence of Grade 3 and 4 nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mucositis/stomatitis increased compared to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin controls.

The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in the previously untreated and previously treated patients appears to be similar across cycles. Premedication with antiemetics, including 5-HT3 blockers, is recommended. Diarrhea and mucositis may be exacerbated by the addition of Eloxatin to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, and should be managed with appropriate supportive care. Since cold temperature can exacerbate acute neurological symptoms, ice (mucositis prophylaxis) should be avoided during the infusion of Eloxatin.

Dermatologic

Eloxatin did not increase the incidence of alopecia compared to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone. No complete alopecia was reported. The incidence of Grade 3/4 skin disorders was 2% in both the Eloxatin plus infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone arms in the adjuvant colon cancer patients. The incidence of hand-foot syndrome in patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer was 2% in the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm and 7% in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm. The incidence of hand-foot syndrome in previously treated patients was 13% in the 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm and 11% in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm.

Intravenous Site Reactions

Extravasation, in some cases including necrosis, has been reported. Injection site reaction, including redness, swelling, and pain, has been reported.

Anticoagulation and Hemorrhage

There have been reports while on study and from post-marketing surveillance of prolonged prothrombin time and INR occasionally associated with hemorrhage in patients who received Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin while on anticoagulants. Patients receiving Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and requiring oral anticoagulants may require closer monitoring.

Renal

About 5 to 10% of patients in all groups had some degree of elevation of serum creatinine. The incidence of Grade 3/4 elevations in serum creatinine in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm was 1% in the previously treated patients. Serum creatinine measurements were not reported in the adjuvant trial.

Hepatic

Hepatotoxicity (defined as elevation of liver enzymes) appears to be related to Eloxatin combination therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. The following tables list the clinical chemistry changes associated with hepatic toxicity occurring in ≥ 5% of patients, based on adverse reactions reported and NCI CTC grade for adjuvant patients and patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer, laboratory values and NCI CTC grade for previously treated patients.


Hepatic Parameter


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N=1108)


5-FU/LV

(N=1111)


All Grades (%)


Grade 3/4 (%)


All Grades (%)


Grade 3/4 (%)


Increase in Transaminases


57


2


34


1


ALP Increased


42


<1


20


<1


Bilirubinaemia


20


4


20


5


Clinical Chemistry


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=259


Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=256


Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=258


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


ALT (SGPT-ALAT)


6


1


2


0


5


2


AST (SGOT-ASAT)


17


1


2


1


11


1


Alkaline Phosphatase


16


0


8


0


14


2


Total Bilirubin


6


1


3


1


3


2


Clinical Chemistry


5-FU/LV

(N=142)


Eloxatin

(N=153)


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N=150)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


All Grades

(%)


Grade 3/4

(%)


ALT (SGPT-ALAT)


28


3


36


1


31


0


AST (SGOT-ASAT)


39


2


54


4


47


0


Total Bilirubin


22


6


13


5


13


1


Thromboembolism

The incidence of thromboembolic events in adjuvant patients with colon cancer was 6% (1.8% grade 3/4) in the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm and 6% (1.2% grade 3/4) in the Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combined arm, respectively. The incidence was 6 and 9% of the patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer and previously treated patients in the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm, respectively.

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of Eloxatin. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

Body as a whole:

angioedema, anaphylactic shock

Cardiovascular disorders:

QT prolongation leading to ventricular arrhythmias including fatal Torsade de Pointes

Central and peripheral nervous system disorders:

loss of deep tendon reflexes, dysarthria, Lhermitte's sign, cranial nerve palsies, fasciculations, convulsion, Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS, also known as PRES).

Hearing and vestibular system disorders:

deafness

Infections:

septic shock, including fatal outcomes

Infusion reactions/hypersensitivity:

laryngospasm

Liver and Gastrointestinal system disorders:

severe diarrhea/vomiting resulting in hypokalemia, colitis (including Clostridium difficile diarrhea), metabolic acidosis; ileus; intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis; veno-occlusive disease of liver also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and perisinusoidal fibrosis which rarely may progress.

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders:

rhabdomyolysis, including fatal outcomes

Platelet, bleeding, and clotting disorders:

immuno-allergic thrombocytopenia

prolongation of prothrombin time and of INR in patients receiving anticoagulants

Red blood cell disorders:

hemolytic uremic syndrome, immuno-allergic hemolytic anemia

Renal disorders:

Acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and acute renal failure.

Respiratory system disorders:

pulmonary fibrosis, and other interstitial lung diseases (sometimes fatal)

Vision disorders:

decrease of visual acuity, visual field disturbance, optic neuritis and transient vision loss (reversible following therapy discontinuation)

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7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

No specific cytochrome P-450-based drug interaction studies have been conducted. No pharmacokinetic interaction between 85 mg/m2 Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin has been observed in patients treated every 2 weeks. Increases of 5-fluorouracil plasma concentrations by approximately 20% have been observed with doses of 130 mg/m2 Eloxatin dosed every 3 weeks. Because platinum-containing species are eliminated primarily through the kidney, clearance of these products may be decreased by coadministration of potentially nephrotoxic compounds; although, this has not been specifically studied [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category D

Based on direct interaction with DNA, Eloxatin may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of Eloxatin in pregnant women. Reproductive toxicity studies in rats demonstrated adverse effects on fertility and embryo-fetal development at maternal doses that were below the recommended human dose based on body surface area. If this drug is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid becoming pregnant and use effective contraception while receiving treatment with Eloxatin.

Pregnant rats were administered Eloxatin at less than one-tenth the recommended human dose based on body surface area during gestation days 1-5, 6-10 or 11-16 (during organogenesis). Eloxatin caused developmental mortality (increased early resorptions) when administered on days 6-10 and 11-16 and adversely affected fetal growth (decreased fetal weight, delayed ossification) when administered on days 6-10. Administration of Eloxatin to male and female rats prior to mating resulted in 97% post-implantation loss in animals that received approximately one-seventh the recommended human dose based on the body surface area.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether Eloxatin or its derivatives are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Eloxatin, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The effectiveness of Eloxatin in children has not been established. Eloxatin has been tested in 2 Phase 1 and 2 Phase 2 trials in 235 patients ages 7 months to 22 years with solid tumors and no significant activity observed.

In a Phase 1/2 study, Eloxatin was administered as a 2-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks (1 cycle), for a maximum of 6 cycles, to 43 patients with refractory or relapsed malignant solid tumors, mainly neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. Twenty eight pediatric patients in the Phase 1 study received Eloxatin at 6 dose levels starting at 40 mg/m2 with escalation to 110 mg/m2. The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was sensory neuropathy at the 110 mg/m2 dose. Fifteen patients received Eloxatin at a dose of 90 mg/m2 intravenous in the Phase 2 portion of the study. At this dose, paresthesia (60%, G3/4: 7%), fever (40%, G3/4: 7%) and thrombocytopenia (40%, G3/4: 27%) were the main adverse reactions. No responses were observed.

In a second Phase 1 study, Eloxatin was administered to 26 pediatric patients as a 2-hour intravenous infusion on day 1 every 3 weeks (1 cycle) at 5 dose levels starting at 100 mg/m2 with escalation to 160 mg/m², for a maximum of 6 cycles. In a separate cohort, Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 was administered on day 1 every 2 weeks, for a maximum of 9 doses. Patients had metastatic or unresectable solid tumors mainly neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. No responses were observed. The DLT was sensory neuropathy at the 160 mg/m2 dose. Based on these studies, Eloxatin 130 mg/m2 as a 2-hour intravenous infusion on day 1 every 3 weeks (1 cycle) was used in subsequent Phase 2 studies. A dose of 85 mg/m2 on day 1 every 2 weeks was also found to be tolerable.

In one Phase 2 study, 43 pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory embryonal CNS tumors received Eloxatin 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for a maximum of 12 months in absence of progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. In patients < 10 kg the Eloxatin dose used was 4.3 mg/kg. The most common adverse reactions reported were leukopenia (67%, G3/4: 12%), anemia (65%, G3/4: 5%), thrombocytopenia (65%, G3/4: 26%), vomiting (65%, G3/4: 7%), neutropenia (58%, G3/4: 16%) and sensory neuropathy (40%, G3/4: 5%). One partial response was observed.

In a second Phase 2 study, 123 pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or peripheral PNET, ependymoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, high grade astrocytoma, Brain stem glioma, low grade astrocytoma, malignant germ cell tumor and other tumors of interest received Eloxatin 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for a maximum of 12 months or 17 cycles. In patients ≤12 months old the Eloxatin dose used was 4.3 mg/kg. The most common adverse reactions reported were sensory neuropathy (52%, G3/4: 12%), thrombocytopenia (37%, G3/4: 17%), anemia (37%, G3/4: 9%), vomiting (26%, G3/4: 4%), ALT increased (24%, G3/4: 6%), AST increased (24%, G3/4: 2%), and nausea (23%, G3/4: 3%). Two partial responses were observed.

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ultrafiltrable platinum have been evaluated in 105 pediatric patients during the first cycle. The mean clearance in pediatric patients estimated by the population pharmacokinetic analysis was 4.7 L/h. The inter-patient variability of platinum clearance in pediatric cancer patients was 41%. Mean platinum pharmacokinetic parameters in ultrafiltrate were Cmax of 0.75 ± 0.24 mcg/mL, AUC0-48 of 7.52 ± 5.07 mcg∙h/mL and AUCinf of 8.83 ± 1.57 mcg∙h/mL at 85 mg/m2 of Eloxatin and Cmax of 1.10 ± 0.43 mcg/mL, AUC0-48 of 9.74 ± 2.52 mcg∙h/mL and AUCinf of 17.3 ± 5.34 mcg∙h/mL at 130 mg/m2 of Eloxatin.

8.5 Geriatric Use

No significant effect of age on the clearance of ultrafilterable platinum has been observed. In the adjuvant therapy colon cancer randomized clinical trial, [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] 723 patients treated with Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin were <65 years and 400 patients were ≥ 65 years. A descriptive subgroup analysis demonstrated that the improvement in DFS for the Eloxatin combination arm compared to the infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone arm appeared to be maintained across genders. The effect of Eloxatin in patients ≥ 65 years of age was not conclusive. Insufficient subgroup sizes prevented analysis by race. Patients ≥ 65 years of age receiving the Eloxatin combination therapy experienced more grade 3-4 granulocytopenia than patients < 65 years of age (45% versus 39%).

In the previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer randomized clinical trial [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] of Eloxatin, 160 patients treated with Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin were <65 years and 99 patients were ≥ 65 years. The same efficacy improvements in response rate, time to tumor progression, and overall survival were observed in the ≥ 65 year old patients as in the overall study population. In the previously treated for advanced colorectal cancer randomized clinical trial [ see Clinical Studies (14) ] of Eloxatin, 95 patients treated with Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin were <65 years and 55 patients were ≥ 65 years. The rates of overall adverse reactions, including grade 3 and 4 events, were similar across and within arms in the different age groups in all studies. The incidence of diarrhea, dehydration, hypokalemia, leukopenia, fatigue and syncope were higher in patients ≥ 65 years old. No adjustment to starting dose was required in patients ≥ 65 years old.

8.6 Patients with Renal Impairment

The exposure (AUC) of unbound platinum in plasma ultrafiltrate tends to increase in renally impaired patients [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Caution and close monitoring should be exercised when Eloxatin is administered to patients with renal impairment. The starting Eloxatin dose does not need to be reduced in patients with mild (creatinine clearance=50-80 mL/min) or moderate (creatinine clearance=30-49 mL/min) renal impairment. However, the starting dose of Eloxatin should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) [ see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ].

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10 OVERDOSAGE

There is no known antidote for Eloxatin overdose. In addition to thrombocytopenia, the anticipated complications of an Eloxatin overdose include hypersensitivity reaction, myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and neurotoxicity.

Several cases of overdoses have been reported with Eloxatin. Adverse reactions observed were Grade 4 thrombocytopenia (< 25,000/mm3) without any bleeding, anemia, sensory neuropathy such as paresthesia, dysesthesia, laryngospasm and facial muscle spasms, gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, flatulence, abdomen enlarged and Grade 4 intestinal obstruction, Grade 4 dehydration, dyspnea, wheezing, chest pain, respiratory failure, severe bradycardia and death.

Patients suspected of receiving an overdose should be monitored, and supportive treatment should be administered. The maximum dose of Eloxatin that has been administered in a single infusion is 825 mg.

11 DESCRIPTION

Eloxatin for Injection, USP is an antineoplastic agent with the molecular formula C8H14N2O4Pt and the chemical name of cis -[(1 R,2 R )-1,2-cyclohexanediamine- N, N '] [oxalato(2- )- O, O '] platinum. Eloxatin is an organoplatinum complex in which the platinum atom is complexed with 1,2- diaminocyclohexane(DACH) and with an oxalate ligand as a leaving group.

The molecular weight is 397.3. Eloxatin is slightly soluble in water at 6 mg/mL, very slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in ethanol and acetone.

Eloxatin for Injection, USP is supplied in vials containing 50 mg or 100 mg of Eloxatin as a sterile, preservative-free lyophilized powder for reconstitution. Lactose monohydrate is also present as an inactive ingredient at 450 mg and 900 mg in the 50 mg and 100 mg dosage strengths, respectively.

Eloxatin structural formula

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Eloxatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion in physiologic solutions to active derivatives via displacement of the labile oxalate ligand. Several transient reactive species are formed, including monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, which covalently bind with macromolecules. Both inter- and intrastrand Pt-DNA crosslinks are formed. Crosslinks are formed between the N7 positions of two adjacent guanines, adjacent adenine-guanines (AG), and guanines separated by an intervening nucleotide (GNG). These crosslinks inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Cytotoxicity is cell-cycle nonspecific. In vivo studies have shown antitumor activity of Eloxatin against colon carcinoma. In combination with 5-fluorouracil, Eloxatin exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity greater than either compound alone in several tumor models [HT29 (colon), GR (mammary), and L1210 (leukemia)].

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The reactive Eloxatin derivatives are present as a fraction of the unbound platinum in plasma ultrafiltrate. The decline of ultrafilterable platinum levels following Eloxatin administration is triphasic, characterized by two relatively short distribution phases (t1/2α; 0.43 hours and t1/2β; 16.8 hours) and a long terminal elimination phase (t1/2γ; 391 hours). Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained after a single 2-hour intravenous infusion of Eloxatin at a dose of 85 mg/m2 expressed as ultrafilterable platinum were Cmax of 0.814 mcg/mL and volume of distribution of 440 L.

Interpatient and intrapatient variability in ultrafilterable platinum exposure (AUC0-48hr) assessed over 3 cycles was moderate to low (23% and 6%, respectively). A pharmacodynamic relationship between platinum ultrafiltrate levels and clinical safety and effectiveness has not been established.

Distribution

At the end of a 2-hour infusion of Eloxatin, approximately 15% of the administered platinum is present in the systemic circulation. The remaining 85% is rapidly distributed into tissues or eliminated in the urine. In patients, plasma protein binding of platinum is irreversible and is greater than 90%. The main binding proteins are albumin and gamma-globulins. Platinum also binds irreversibly and accumulates (approximately 2-fold) in erythrocytes, where it appears to have no relevant activity. No platinum accumulation was observed in plasma ultrafiltrate following 85 mg/m2 every two weeks.

Metabolism

Eloxatin undergoes rapid and extensive nonenzymatic biotransformation. There is no evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro.

Up to 17 platinum-containing derivatives have been observed in plasma ultrafiltrate samples from patients, including several cytotoxic species (monochloro DACH platinum, dichloro DACH platinum, and monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum) and a number of noncytotoxic, conjugated species.

Elimination

The major route of platinum elimination is renal excretion. At five days after a single 2-hour infusion of Eloxatin, urinary elimination accounted for about 54% of the platinum eliminated, with fecal excretion accounting for only about 2%. Platinum was cleared from plasma at a rate (10 – 17 L/h) that was similar to or exceeded the average human glomerular filtration rate (GFR; 7.5 L/h). There was no significant effect of gender on the clearance of ultrafilterable platinum. The renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum is significantly correlated with GFR.

Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations

Pediatric

[ See Use In Specific Populations (8.4) ] .

Renal Impairment

A study was conducted in 38 patients with advanced GI cancer and varying degrees of renal impairment. Patients in the normal (creatinine clearance (CrCL) > 80 mL/min, N=11), mild (CrCL=50‑80 mL/min, N=13), and moderate (CrCL=30-49 mL/min, N=10) groups were treated with 85 mg/m2 Eloxatin and those in the severe (CrCL < 30 mL/min, N=4) group were treated with 65 mg/ m2 Eloxatin. The mean AUC of unbound platinum was 40%, 95%, and 342% higher in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively, than in the normal group. Mean Cmax of unbound platinum appeared to be similar among the normal, mild and moderate renal function groups, but was 38% higher in the severe group than in the normal group. Caution should be exercised in renally impaired patients [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ]. The starting dose of Eloxatin should be reduced in patients with severe renal impairment [ see Dosage and Administration (2.2) ].

Drug - Drug Interactions

No pharmacokinetic interaction between 85 mg/m2 of Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil has been observed in patients treated every 2 weeks, but increases of 5-fluorouracil plasma concentrations by approximately 20% have been observed with doses of 130 mg/m2 of Eloxatin administered every 3 weeks. In vitro, platinum was not displaced from plasma proteins by the following medications: erythromycin, salicylate, sodium valproate, granisetron, and paclitaxel. In vitro, Eloxatin is not metabolized by, nor does it inhibit, human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. No P450-mediated drug-drug interactions are therefore anticipated in patients. Since platinum-containing species are eliminated primarily through the kidney, clearance of these products may be decreased by co-administration of potentially nephrotoxic compounds, although this has not been specifically studied.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Eloxatin. Eloxatin was not mutagenic to bacteria (Ames test) but was mutagenic to mammalian cells in vitro (L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay). Eloxatin was clastogenic both in vitro (chromosome aberration in human lymphocytes) and in vivo (mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay).

In a fertility study, male rats were given Eloxatin at 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/day for five days every 21 days for a total of three cycles prior to mating with females that received two cycles of Eloxatin on the same schedule. A dose of 2 mg/kg/day (less than one-seventh the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) did not affect pregnancy rate, but caused developmental mortality (increased early resorptions, decreased live fetuses, decreased live births) and delayed growth (decreased fetal weight).

Testicular damage, characterized by degeneration, hypoplasia, and atrophy, was observed in dogs administered Eloxatin at 0.75 mg/kg/day x 5 days every 28 days for three cycles. A no effect level was not identified. This daily dose is approximately one-sixth of the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Combination Adjuvant Therapy with Eloxatin and Infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in Patients with Colon Cancer

An international, multicenter, randomized study compared the efficacy and evaluated the safety of Eloxatin in combination with an infusional schedule of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin to infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone, in patients with stage II or III (Dukes' C) colon cancer who had undergone complete resection of the primary tumor. The primary objective of the study was to compare the 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) in patients receiving Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin to those receiving 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone. Patients were to be treated for a total of 6 months (i.e., 12 cycles). A total of 2246 patients were randomized; 1123 patients per study arm. Patients in the study had to be between 18 and 75 years of age, have histologically proven stage II (T3-T4 N0 M0; Dukes' B2) or III (any T N1-2 M0; Dukes' C) colon carcinoma (with the inferior pole of the tumor above the peritoneal reflection, i.e., ≥ 15 cm from the anal margin) and undergone (within 7 weeks prior to randomization) complete resection of the primary tumor without gross or microscopic evidence of residual disease. Patients had to have had no prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy, and have an ECOG performance status of 0,1, or 2 (KPS ≥ 60%), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 1.5x109/L, platelets ≥ 100x109/L, serum creatinine ≤ 1.25 x ULN total bilirubin < 2 x ULN, AST/ALT < 2 x ULN and carcino-embyrogenic antigen (CEA) <10 ng/mL. Patients with preexisting peripheral neuropathy (NCI grade ≥ 1) were ineligible for this trial.

The following table shows the dosing regimens for the two arms of the study.


Treatment Arm


Dose


Regimen


Eloxatin +

5-FU/LV

(FOLFOX4)

(N =1123)


Day 1: Eloxatin: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)

Day 2: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks

12 cycles


5-FU/LV

(N=1123)


Day 1: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)

Day 2: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks

12 cycles


The following tables show the baseline characteristics and dosing of the patient population entered into this study. The baseline characteristics were well balanced between arms.


Eloxatin + Infusional

5-FU/LV

N=1123

Infusional

5-FU/LV

N=1123


Sex: Male (%)


56.1


52.4


Female (%)


43.9


47.6


Median age (years)


61.0


60.0


<65 years of age (%)


64.4


66.2


≥65 years of age (%)


35.6


33.8


Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (%)


100


29.7


30.5


90


52.2


53.9


80


4.4


3.3


70


13.2


11.9


≤60


0.6


0.4


Primary site (%)


Colon including cecum


54.6


54.4


Sigmoid


31.9


33.8


Recto sigmoid


12.9


10.9


Other including rectum


0.6


0.9


Bowel obstruction (%)


Yes


17.9


19.3


Perforation (%)


Yes


6.9


6.9


Stage at Randomization (%)


II (T=3,4 N=0, M=0)


40.1


39.9


III (T=any, N=1,2, M=0)


59.6


59.3


IV (T=any, N=any, M=1)


0.4


0.8


Staging – T (%)


T1


0.5


0.7


T2


4.5


4.8


T3


76.0


75.9


T4


19.0


18.5


Staging – N (%)


N0


40.2


39.9


N1


39.4


39.4


N2


20.4


20.7


Staging – M (%)


M1


0.4


0.8


Eloxatin + Infusional

5-FU/LV

N=1108


Infusional

5-FU/LV

N=1111


Median Relative Dose Intensity (%)


5-FU


84.4


97.7


Oxaliplatin


80.5


N/A


Median Number of Cycles


12


12


Median Number of Cycles with Eloxatin


11


N/A


The following table and figures summarize the disease-free survival (DFS) results in the overall randomized population and in patients with stage II and III disease based on an ITT analysis. The median duration of follow-up was approximately 77 months.

Data cut off for disease free survival 1 June 2006

* Disease-free survival at 5 years

** A hazard ratio of less than 1.00 favors Eloxatin + Infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.


Parameter


Eloxatin + Infusional

5-FU/LV


Infusional

5-FU/LV


Overall


N


1123


1123


Number of events – relapse or death (%)


304 (27.1)


360 (32.1)


Disease-free survival % [95% CI]*


73.3 [70.7, 76.0]


67.4 [64.6, 70.2]


Hazard ratio [95% CI] **


0.80 [0.68, 0.93]


Stratified Logrank test


p=0.003


Stage III (Dukes' C)


N


672


675


Number of events – relapse or death (%)


226 (33.6)


271 (40.1)


Disease-free survival % [95% CI] *


66.4 [62.7, 70.0]


58.9 [55.2, 62.7]


Hazard ratio [95% CI] **


0.78 [0.65, 0.93]


Logrank test


p=0.005


Stage II (Dukes' B2)


N


451


448


Number of events – relapse or death (%)


78 (17.3)


89 (19.9)


Disease-free survival % [95% CI]*


83.7 [80.2, 87.1]


79.9 [76.2, 83.7]


Hazard ratio [95% CI] **


0.84 [0.62, 1.14]


Logrank test


p=0.258


In the overall and stage III colon cancer populations DFS was statistically significantly improved in the Eloxatin combination arm compared to infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone. However, a statistically significant improvement in DFS was not noted in Stage II patients.

Figure 2 shows the DFS Kaplan-Meier curves for the comparison of Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone for the overall population (ITT analysis).

Figure 3 shows the DFS Kaplan-Meier curves for the comparison of Eloxatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination and infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone in Stage III patients.

The following table summarizes the overall survival (OS) results in the overall randomized population and in patients with stage II and III disease, based on the ITT analysis.

* A hazard ratio of less than 1.00 favors Eloxatin + Infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin

Data cut off for overall survival 16 January 2007


Parameter


Eloxatin + Infusional

5-FU/LV


Infusional

5-FU/LV


Overall


N


1123


1123


Number of death events (%)


245 (21.8)


283 (25.2)


Hazard ratio* [95% CI]


0.84 [0.71, 1.00]


Stage III (Dukes' C)


N


672


675


Number of death events (%)


182 (27.1)


220 (32.6)


Hazard ratio* [95% CI]


0.80 [0.65, 0.97]


Stage II (Dukes' B2)


N


451


448


Number of death events (%)


63 (14.0)


63 (14.1)


Hazard ratio* [95% CI]


1.00 [0.70, 1.41]

Figure 2 - DFS Kaplan-Meier curves by treatment arm (cutoff: 1 June 2006) - ITT population Figure 3 - DFS Kaplan-Meier ccurves by treatment arm in Stage III patients (cutoff: 1 June 2006) - ITT population

14.2 Combination Therapy with Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in Patients Previously Untreated for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

A North American, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study was sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as an intergroup study led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG). The study had 7 arms at different times during its conduct, four of which were closed due to either changes in the standard of care, toxicity, or simplification. During the study, the control arm was changed to irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. The results reported below compared the efficacy and safety of two experimental regimens, Eloxatin in combination with infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and a combination of Eloxatin plus irinotecan, to an approved control regimen of irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in 795 concurrently randomized patients previously untreated for locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. After completion of enrollment, the dose of irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin was decreased due to toxicity. Patients had to be at least 18 years of age, have known locally advanced, locally recurrent, or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma not curable by surgery or amenable to radiation therapy with curative intent, histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma, measurable or evaluable disease, with an ECOG performance status 0,1, or 2. Patients had to have granulocyte count ≥ 1.5 x 109/L, platelets ≥ 100 x 109/L, hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 gm/dL, creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN, total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL, AST ≤ 5 x ULN, and alkaline phosphatase ≤ 5 x ULN. Patients may have received adjuvant therapy for resected Stage II or III disease without recurrence within 12 months. The patients were stratified for ECOG performance status (0, 1 vs. 2), prior adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs. no), prior immunotherapy (yes vs. no), and age (<65 vs. ≥ 65 years). Although no post study treatment was specified in the protocol, 65 to 72% of patients received additional post study chemotherapy after study treatment discontinuation on all arms. Fifty-eight percent of patients on the Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm received an irinotecan-containing regimen and 23% of patients on the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin arm received oxaliplatin-containing regimens. Eloxatin was not commercially available during the trial.

The following table presents the dosing regimens of the three arms of the study.


Treatment Arm


Dose


Regimen


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(FOLFOX4) (N=267)


Day 1: Eloxatin: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22‑hour infusion)


Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks


Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV (IFL)

(N=264)


Day 1: Irinotecan 125 mg/m2 as a 90–min infusion + LV 20 mg/m2 as a 15-min infusion or intravenous push, followed by 5-FU 500 mg/m2 intravenous bolus weekly x 4


every 6 weeks


Eloxatin + Irinotecan (IROX)

(N=264)


Day 1: Eloxatin: 85 mg/m2 intravenous (2-hour infusion) + irinotecan 200 mg/m2 intravenous over 30 minutes


every 3 weeks


The following table presents the demographics of the patient population entered into this study.





Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=267


Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=264


Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=264


Sex: Male (%)


58.8


65.2


61.0


Female (%)


41.2


34.8


39.0


Median age (years)


61.0


61.0


61.0


<65 years of age (%)


61


62


63


≥65 years of age (%)


39


38


37


ECOG (%)


0 - 1


94.4


95.5


94.7


2


5.6


4.5


5.3


Involved organs (%)


Colon only


0.7


0.8


0.4


Liver only


39.3


44.3


39.0


Liver + other


41.2


38.6


40.9


Lung only


6.4


3.8


5.3


Other (including lymph

nodes)


11.6


11.0


12.9


Not reported


0.7


1.5


1.5


Prior radiation (%)


3.0


1.5


3.0


Prior surgery (%)


74.5


79.2


81.8


Prior adjuvant (%)


15.7


14.8


15.2


The length of a treatment cycle was 2 weeks for the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen; 6 weeks for the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen; and 3 weeks for the Eloxatin plus irinotecan regimen. The median number of cycles administered per patient was 10 (23.9 weeks) for the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen, 4 (23.6 weeks) for the irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen, and 7 (21.0 weeks) for the Eloxatin plus irinotecan regimen. Patients treated with the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination had a significantly longer time to tumor progression based on investigator assessment, longer overall survival, and a significantly higher confirmed response rate based on investigator assessment compared to patients given irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. The following table summarizes the efficacy results.

* Compared to irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (IFL) arm

** Based on all patients with measurable disease at baseline

The numbers in the response rate and TTP analysis are based on unblinded investigator assessment.

*** A hazard ratio of less than 1.00 favors Eloxatin + Infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.




Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

N=267


Irinotecan + 5-FU/LV

N=264


Eloxatin + Irinotecan

N=264


Survival (ITT)


Number of deaths N (%)


155 (58.1)


192 (72.7)


175 (66.3)


Median survival (months)


19.4


14.6


17.6


Hazard Ratio and (95% confidence interval)


0.65 (0.53-0.80)*


P-value


<0.0001*


-


-


TTP (ITT, investigator assessment)


Percentage of progressors


82.8


81.8


89.4


Median TTP (months)


8.7


6.9


6.5


Hazard Ratio and (95% confidence interval)***


0.74 (0.61-0.89)*


P-value


0.0014*


-


-


Response Rate (investigator assessment) **


Patients with measurable disease


210


212


215


Complete response N (%)


13 (6.2)


5 (2.4)


7 (3.3)


Partial response N (%)


82 (39.0)


64 (30.2)


67 (31.2)


Complete and partial response N (%)


95 (45.2)


69 (32.5)


74 (34.4)


95% confidence interval


(38.5 – 52.0)


(26.2 – 38.9)


(28.1 – 40.8)


P-value


0.0080*


-


-


Figure 4 illustrates the Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the comparison of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination and Eloxatin plus irinotecan to irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin.

A descriptive subgroup analysis demonstrated that the improvement in survival for Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin compared to irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin appeared to be maintained across age groups, prior adjuvant therapy, and number of organs involved. An estimated survival advantage in Eloxatin plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin versus irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin was seen in both genders; however it was greater among women than men. Insufficient subgroup sizes prevented analysis by race.

Figure 4 - Kaplan-Meier Overall Survival by treatment arm

14.3 Combination Therapy with Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer

A multicenter, open-label, randomized, three-arm controlled study was conducted in the US and Canada comparing the efficacy and safety of Eloxatin in combination with an infusional schedule of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin to the same dose and schedule of 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone and to single agent Eloxatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had relapsed/progressed during or within 6 months of first-line therapy with bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan. The study was intended to be analyzed for response rate after 450 patients were enrolled. Survival will be subsequently assessed in all patients enrolled in the completed study. Accrual to this study is complete, with 821 patients enrolled. Patients in the study had to be at least 18 years of age, have unresectable, measurable, histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma, with a Karnofsky performance status > 50%. Patients had to have SGOT(AST) and SGPT(ALT) ≤ 2x the institution's upper limit of normal (ULN), unless liver metastases were present and documented at baseline by CT or MRI scan, in which case ≤ 5x ULN was permitted. Patients had to have alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2x the institution's ULN, unless liver metastases were present and documented at baseline by CT or MRI scan, in which cases ≤ 5x ULN was permitted. Prior radiotherapy was permitted if it had been completed at least 3 weeks before randomization. The dosing regimens of the three arms of the study are presented in the table below.


Treatment Arm


Dose


Regimen


Eloxatin

+ 5-FU/LV

(N =152)


Day 1: Eloxatin: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)

Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks


5-FU/LV

(N=151)


Day 1: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)

Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by 5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks


Eloxatin

(N=156)


Day 1: Eloxatin 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion)


every 2 weeks


Patients entered into the study for evaluation of response must have had at least one unidimensional lesion measuring ≥ 20 mm using conventional CT or MRI scans, or ≥ 10 mm using a spiral CT scan. Tumor response and progression were assessed every 3 cycles (6 weeks) using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) until radiological documentation of progression or for 13 months following the first dose of study drug(s), whichever came first. Confirmed responses were based on two tumor assessments separated by at least 4 weeks. The demographics of the patient population entered into this study are shown in the table below.




5-FU/LV

(N = 151)


Eloxatin

(N = 156)


Oxaliplatin+ 5-FU/LV

(N = 152)


Sex: Male (%)


54.3


60.9


57.2


Female (%)


45.7


39.1


42.8


Median age (years)


60.0


61.0


59.0


Range


21-80


27-79


22-88


Race (%)


Caucasian


87.4


84.6


88.8


Black


7.9


7.1


5.9


Asian


1.3


2.6


2.6


Other


3.3


5.8


2.6


KPS (%)


70 – 100


94.7


92.3


95.4


50 – 60


2.6


4.5


2.0


Not reported


2.6


3.2


2.6


Prior radiotherapy (%)


25.2


19.2


25.0


Prior pelvic radiation (%)


18.5


13.5


21.1


Number of metastatic sites (%)


1


27.2


31.4


25.7


≥2


72.2


67.9


74.3


Liver involvement (%)


Liver only


22.5


25.6


18.4


Liver + other


60.3


59.0


53.3


The median number of cycles administered per patient was 6 for the Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin combination and 3 each for 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone and Eloxatin alone.

Patients treated with the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin had an increased response rate compared to patients given 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin or Eloxatin alone. The efficacy results are summarized in the tables below.


Best Response


5-FU/LV

(N = 151)


Eloxatin

(N = 156)


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N = 152)


CR


0


0


0


PR


0


2 (1%)


13 (9%)


p-value


0.0002 for 5-FU/LV vs. Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV


95%CI


0-2.4%


0.2-4.6%


4.6-14.2%


Arm


5-FU/LV

(N = 151)


Eloxatin

(N = 156)


Eloxatin + 5-FU/LV

(N = 152)


No. of progressors


74


101


50


No. of patients with no radiological evaluation beyond baseline


22

(15%)


16

(10%)


17

(11%)


Median TTP (months)


2.7


1.6


4.6


95%CI


1.8-3.0


1.4-2.7


4.2-6.1


At the time of the interim analysis 49% of the radiographic progression events had occurred. In this interim analysis an estimated 2-month increase in median time to radiographic progression was observed compared to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin alone.

Of the 13 patients who had tumor response to the combination of Eloxatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin, 5 were female and 8 were male, and responders included patients <65 years old and ≥ 65 years old. The small number of non-Caucasian participants made efficacy analyses in these populations uninterpretable.

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

16.1 How Supplied

Eloxatin for Injection, USP is supplied in clear, glass, single-use vials containing 50 mg or 100 mg of Eloxatin as a sterile, preservative-free lyophilized powder for reconstitution. Lactose monohydrate is also present as an inactive ingredient.

NDC 61703-361-35: 50 mg single use vial individually packaged in a carton.

NDC 61703-362-50: 100 mg single use vial individually packaged in a carton.

16.2 Storage

Store under normal lighting conditions at 20°-25°C ; excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F).

16.3 Handling and Disposal

As with other potentially toxic anticancer agents, care should be exercised in the handling and preparation of infusion solutions prepared from Eloxatin. The use of gloves is recommended. If a solution of Eloxatin contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If Eloxatin contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.

Procedures for the handling and disposal of anticancer drugs should be considered. Several guidelines on the subject have been published [ see References (15) ]. There is no general agreement that all of the procedures recommended in the guidelines are necessary or appropriate.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

Advise patients:


Patient Information

Eloxatin

(ox-Al-ah-platin)

Injection for intravenous use

Read this Patient Information leaflet carefully before you start receiving Eloxatin. There may be new information. It will help you learn more about Eloxatin. This leaflet does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your medical condition or your treatment. Ask your doctor about any questions you have.

What is the most important information I should know about Eloxatin?

Eloxatin can cause serious allergic reactions, including allergic reactions that can lead to death. Eloxatin is a platinum base medicine. Serious allergic reactions including death can happen in people who take Eloxatin and who have had previous allergic reactions to platinum medicines. Serious allergic reactions can happen within a few minutes of your Eloxatin infusion or any time during your treatment with Eloxatin.

Get emergency help right away if you:


Call your doctor right away if you have any of the following signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction:


See "What are the possible side effects of Eloxatin?" for information about other serious side effects.

What is Eloxatin?

Eloxatin is an anti-cancer (chemotherapy) medicine that is used with other anti-cancer medicines called 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin to treat people with:


It is not known if Eloxatin works in children.

Who should not receive Eloxatin?

Do not receive Eloxatin if you are allergic to any of the ingredients in Eloxatin or other medicines that contain platinum. See the end of this leaflet for a complete list of the ingredients in Eloxatin Injection, USP.

Ask your doctor if you are not sure if you take a medicine that contains platinum.

What should I tell my doctor before receiving Eloxatin?

Before receiving Eloxatin, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:


Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.

Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.

How will I receive Eloxatin?


Treatment Day 1:


Treatment Day 2:

You will not get Eloxatin on Day 2. Leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil will be given the same way as on Day 1.

The 5-fluorouracil will be given through your IV with a pump. If you have any problems with the pump or the tube, call your doctor, your nurse, or the person who is responsible for your pump. Do not let anyone other than a healthcare provider touch your infusion pump or tubing.

What should I avoid while receiving Eloxatin?


See "How can I reduce the side effects caused by cold temperatures?" for more information.

Talk with your doctor and nurse about your level of activity during treatment with Eloxatin. Follow their instructions.

What are the possible side effects of Eloxatin?

Eloxatin can cause serious side effects, including:


For information on ways to lessen or help with the nerve problems, see the end of this leaflet, "How can I reduce the side effects caused by cold temperatures?"


The most common side effects of Eloxatin include:


Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Eloxatin. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How can I reduce the side effects caused by cold temperatures?


Your doctor may have other useful tips for helping you with side effects.

General information about the safe and effective use of Eloxatin

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in the Patient Information leaflet.

This Patient Information leaflet summarizes the most important information about Eloxatin. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about Eloxatin Injection, USP that is written for health professionals.

For more information go to www.hospira.com or call 1-800-615-0187.

What are the ingredients in Eloxatin?

Active ingredient: Eloxatin

Powder for solution for infusion inactive ingredients: lactose monohydrate

Paraplatin® and Platinol® are registered trademarks of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.

Revised: 12/2015


434734

Manufactured by:

Hospira Australia Ltd

Mulgrave VIC 3170

Australia

Manufactured for:

Hospira, Inc.

Lake Forest, IL 60045 USA

Hospira Logo

50 mg Single Use Vial

NDC 61703-361-35

Sterile

Rx only

Eloxatin for Injection, USP

50 mg

(lyophilized)

For Intravenous Use Only

Must be reconstituted and diluted before use

Do not reconstitute with

sodium chloride/chloride-containing solutions

Caution: Cytotoxic Agent

Eloxatin pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:

Active ingredient is the part of the drug or medicine which is biologically active. This portion of the drug is responsible for the main action of the drug which is intended to cure or reduce the symptom or disease. The other portions of the drug which are inactive are called excipients; there role is to act as vehicle or binder. In contrast to active ingredient, the inactive ingredient's role is not significant in the cure or treatment of the disease. There can be one or more active ingredients in a drug.


Eloxatin available forms, composition, doses:

Form of the medicine is the form in which the medicine is marketed in the market, for example, a medicine X can be in the form of capsule or the form of chewable tablet or the form of tablet. Sometimes same medicine can be available as injection form. Each medicine cannot be in all forms but can be marketed in 1, 2, or 3 forms which the pharmaceutical company decided based on various background research results.
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.


Eloxatin destination | category:

Destination is defined as the organism to which the drug or medicine is targeted. For most of the drugs what we discuss, human is the drug destination.
Drug category can be defined as major classification of the drug. For example, an antihistaminic or an antipyretic or anti anginal or pain killer, anti-inflammatory or so.


Eloxatin Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:

A medicine is classified depending on the organ or system it acts [Anatomical], based on what result it gives on what disease, symptom [Therapeutical], based on chemical composition [Chemical]. It is called as ATC code. The code is based on Active ingredients of the medicine. A medicine can have different codes as sometimes it acts on different organs for different indications. Same way, different brands with same active ingredients and same indications can have same ATC code.


Eloxatin pharmaceutical companies:

Pharmaceutical companies are drug manufacturing companies that help in complete development of the drug from the background research to formation, clinical trials, release of the drug into the market and marketing of the drug.
Researchers are the persons who are responsible for the scientific research and is responsible for all the background clinical trials that resulted in the development of the drug.


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References

  1. Dailymed."OXALIPLATIN INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION [HOSPIRA, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).

Frequently asked Questions

Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Eloxatin?

Depending on the reaction of the Eloxatin after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Eloxatin not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.

Is Eloxatin addictive or habit forming?

Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.

Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.

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Review

sdrugs.com conducted a study on Eloxatin, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Eloxatin consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.

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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology

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