Dosara-D Forte

Hydrochlorothiazide:

• Dosara-D Forte information
• Dosara-D Forte indications
• Dosara-D Forte warnings
• Dosara-D Forte intake guidelines
• Dosara-D Forte dosage
• Dosara-D Forte overdose
• Dosara-D Forte missed dose
• Dosara-D Forte side effects
• Dosara-D Forte drug reactions
• Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) reviews

Dosara-D Forte information

Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) is an antihypertensive, diuretic drug that acts on the electrolyte reabsorption in the renal tubular mechanism increasing the excretion of chloride and sodium in equivalent amounts. The exact mechanism of its antihypertensive action is not known at this time.

Dosara-D Forte indications

Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) is typically employed for the treatment of patients suffering from hypertension, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive medication. It is also employed in some cases as a diuretic agent. Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) therapy may also be prescribed for the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis, edema (in patients suffering from congestive heart failure), nephrotic syndrome, drug induced edema, chronic renal failure or acute glomerulonephritis. Health care professionals may prescribe this drug in order to treat other medical conditions as well; if you would like to know more about the reasons you have been prescribed this drug, it is advised to ask your personal physician.

Dosara-D Forte warnings

Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) may not be used in the treatment of patients who are allergic to this drug, any of its components or other sulfonamide-derived medication. Also, this drug may not be suitable for use in patients that are suffering from anuria, azotemia or impaired renal functions. Caution should be employed if the patient is suffering from hepatic disease. Other medical conditions may also influence the examining health care provider's decision of prescribing Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide); it is strongly recommended to make sure that the health care professional is fully aware of your health condition and medical history before starting a treatment with this drug.

Use of Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) during pregnancy or breast-feeding is also not recommended. This medicine may affect an unborn baby and it also passes into breast milk. As such, use of this drug in pregnant women or breast-feeding mothers should not be employed.

Dosara-D Forte intake guidelines

You should always take Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) as you have been directed by the prescribing health care specialist. While in some cases daily administration of the drug is recommended, other patients may be prescribed an intermittent therapy. Also, the number of daily doses may vary. As such, it is best that you do not follow another patient's intake schedule. If you have difficulties understanding the intake guidelines that your prescribing health care professional has provided, you should ask for further explanations from an authorized health care specialist - such as a pharmacist, a doctor or a nurse.

Dosara-D Forte dosage

The exact Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) dosage may vary greatly from one case to another, depending on the condition being treated, on the patient's medical history and general health condition, on his or her age as well as on a number of other factors. As such you are advised to use the exact Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) dosage that has been prescribed to you and never use the dosage prescribed to another patient or a dosage that you have been prescribed in the past. Taking a different Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) dose may cause the treatment to not have the desired effect, and if you take this drug in larger doses you may have a higher risk of developing side effects, or you may suffer from an overdose.

Dosara-D Forte overdose

You should never exceed the Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) prescribed dosage, in order to avoid an overdose with this medication. However, if you consider that you are affected by an overdose with this drug it is advised to immediately consult your personal health care provider, the local poisons center or to go to the nearest medical facility to seek emergency medical attention. The common symptoms of an overdose with Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) are dehydration and cardiac arrhythmia. The patient may also suffer from electrolyte depletion and thus may present the relevant signs and symptoms.

Dosara-D Forte missed dose

In case you have missed a dose of Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide), it is advised that you take the dose as soon as you remember. If the moment when you remember is too close to another intake of the medication, you should completely skip the missed Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) dose and take the next scheduled dose on time. You should never take a larger dose of the drug in order to make up for a missed dose, unless your prescribing health care provider directs you to do so.

Dosara-D Forte side effects

In some patients Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) may cause side effects. While they are not very common, it is recommended to let your personal health care provider know if you begin experiencing any side effects. Several types of symptoms are possible: dizziness, headache, paresthesias, gastric irritation, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, pancreatitis, jaundice, hypotension. Metabolic side effects may include glycosuria, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia or hyponatremia. Renal failure or dysfunction may develop, as well as interstitial nephritis. Some patients reported experiencing muscle spasms, restlessness, unusual weakness and blurred vision. In some cases photosensitivity, anaphylactic reactions, respiratory distress, fever, rashes, vasculitis or toxic epidermal necrolysis have occurred.

Dosara-D Forte drug reactions

Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide) may interact with barbiturates and narcotics, as well as with alcohol. If you are also following a treatment course with antidiabetic drugs, their dosage may need to be adjusted before starting to take Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide). This drug may have an additive effect with other antihypertensive medication. ACE inhibitors, ACTH, corticosteroids and skeletal muscle relaxants may also interact with this drug causing unwanted effects. This drug may not be properly absorbed if the patient is also taking Colestipol resins or Cholestyramine. NSAIDs, lithium and Pressor amines may affect or be affected by Dosara-D Forte (Hydrochlorothiazide), and as such it is strongly recommended to let the prescribing health care provider know if you are taking these or any other drugs before starting a therapy course with this medicine. Other drug interactions that are not listed here are also possible.

Valsartan:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Dosara-D Forte prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) side effects, adverse reactions
• Dosara-D Forte contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Dosara-D Forte drug interactions
• Dosara-D Forte in case of emergency / overdose
• Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) reviews

Pharmacological action

Dosara-D Forte is an antihypertensive drug. This medication is a specific antagonist of angiotensin II. It has a selective antagonistic effect on AT1-receptors, which are responsible for implementing the effects of angiotensin II.

Due to the blockade of AT1-receptors the plasma concentrations of angiotensin II increased, which may stimulate the unblocked AT2-receptors. This medicine has no agonistic activity against AT1-receptor. The affinity of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) for AT1-receptors in about 20 000 times higher than that of AT2-receptors.

Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) does not inhibit ACE. This drug has no interaction and does not block other hormone receptors or ion channels important for regulation of the cardiovascular system.

This medication has no effect on total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid in blood plasma.

A start of antihypertensive action of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) after its oral administration in a single dose occurs within 2 h after administration, the maximum effect is achieved within 4-6 h.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, the extent of absorption is characterized by individual differences. The absolute bioavailability is average 23%.

In course of treatment with this medication there were not noted changes of pharmacokinetic parameters.

When administered with food Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) AUC decreased by 48%, with approximately 8 hours after administration of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) in plasma concentrations of the same in patients taking it with food and fasting. AUC decrease is not accompanied by clinically significant reduction in therapeutic effect.

When you receive Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) 1 time / day the accumulation is expressed only slightly. The concentration of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) in the blood plasma of women and men were equal. The binding with plasma proteins, primarily to albumin is 94-97%.

The plasma clearance of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) is about 2 L / h. This medication is excreted in the feces 70% and in urine 30%, largely unchanged.

When biliary cirrhosis or biliary obstruction AUC of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) is increased approximately 2-fold.

Why is Dosara-D Forte prescribed?

A treatment of hypertension. A treatment of chronic heart failure (II-IV functional class classification NYHA) in patients receiving conventional therapy with diuretics, digitalis preparations, as well as ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers.

Dosage and administration

Dosara-D Forte is taken orally in dose 80 mg daily 1 time / day or 40 mg 2 times / day. In the absence of adequate effect the daily dose may be gradually increased. The maximum daily dose is 320 mg in 2 divided doses.

Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) side effects, adverse reactions

Cardiovascular system: hypotension, postural dizziness, postural hypotension.

CNS: dizziness, headache.

Digestive system: diarrhea, nausea, increased bilirubin levels.

Urinary system: rarely - renal failure, increased creatinine and BUN (especially in chronic heart failure).

Metabolic: hyperkalemia.

Hematopoietic system: neutropenia, a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit.

Allergic reactions: rarely - angioedema, rash, pruritus, serum sickness, vasculitis.

Other: fatigue, weakness, cough, sore throat, increased risk of viral infections.

Dosara-D Forte contraindications

Pregnancy, hypersensitivity to Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Dosara-D Forte is contraindicated during pregnancy. It is not known whether Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) is allocated to breast milk in humans. Use during lactation (breastfeeding) is not recommended.

Experimental studies have shown that this medication is excreted in breast milk of rats.

Category of the fetus by FDA - D.

Special instructions

When hyponatremia and / or reduction of the BCC, as well as during treatment with high doses of diuretics, Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan), in rare cases can cause pronounced hypotension.

Before starting treatment it should be the correction of violations of water-salt metabolism.

In patients with renovascular hypertension, which developed secondary to renal artery stenosis, in the period of treatment should regularly monitor the level of urea and creatinine in serum. There is no data on the safety of patients with CC than 10 ml / min.

With great caution use in patients with impaired patency of the biliary tract.

Due to inhibition of the RAAS in patients predisposed to changes in renal function.

With use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists in patients with chronic heart failure severity of the observed oliguria and / or increase azotemia, rarely developed acute renal failure with risk of death.

Safety and efficacy of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) in children has not been established.

If use Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan) it is recommended a caution when driving and management mechanisms.

Dosara-D Forte drug interactions

When this drug applied simultaneously with:

- diuretics in high doses it may developed hypotension.

- potassium-sparing diuretics, heparin, dietary supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium may develop hyperkalemia.

- indomethacin may decrease the antihypertensive action of Dosara-D Forte (Valsartan).

- lithium carbonate, described the case of lithium toxicity.

Dosara-D Forte in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: hypotension, tachycardia or bradycardia.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy, dialysis is not effective.