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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride:
Ciloxadex is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug of fluoroquinolone group with bactericidal action. Inhibits DNA gyrase and inhibits the synthesis of bacterial DNA. Highly active against most gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) is active against Staphylococcus spp. (including strains producing and not producing penicillinase, methicillin-resistant strains), some strains of Enterococcus spp., Campylobacter spp., Legionella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp., Mycobacterium spp.
Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) is active against bacteria producing beta-lactamases.
Ureaplasma urealyticum, Clostridium difficile, Nocardia asteroides resistant to Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride). The effect on Treponema pallidum is studied not enough.
Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability after oral administration of 70%. Eating has a little effect on the absorption of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride). Plasma protein binding is 20-40%. Distributed in tissues and body fluids. It penetrates the cerebrospinal fluid: the concentration of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) for not inflamed meninges reach 10% with inflammation - up to 37%. High concentrations are achieved in bile. Excreted in the urine and bile.
Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms susceptible to Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride), including respiratory diseases, diseases of abdominal and pelvic organs, bones, joints, skin, septicemia; severe infections of ENT organs. Treatment of postoperative infections. Prevention and treatment of infections in patients with reduced immunity.
For Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) local use: acute and subacute conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis, bacterial corneal ulcers, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, chronic dacryocystitis, meybomity. Infectious lesions in the eyes from injury or contact with foreign bodies. Preoperative prophylaxis in ophthalmic surgery.
Individual. For oral administration dose of Ciloxadex is 250-750 mg 2 times / day. Treatment duration is from 7-10 days to 4 weeks.
For IV administration a single dose is 200-400 mg, the multiplicity of the introduction is 2 times / day, duration of treatment - 1-2 weeks and more if necessary. May be IV injected as jet but more preferably a drip for 30 minutes.
When Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) applied topically instilled 1-2 drops into the lower conjunctival sac of the affected eye every 1-4 hours. After improving the intervals between instillation can be increased. The maximum oral daily dose for adults is 1.5 g.
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increase in liver transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, bilirubin, pseudomembranous colitis.
CNS: headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, nightmares, hallucinations, fainting, disorders of vision.
Urinary system: crystalluria, glomerulonephritis, dysuria, polyuria, albuminuria, hematuria, transient increase of serum creatinine.
Hemopoietic system: eosinophilia, leukopenia, neutropenia, changes in the number of platelets.
Cardiovascular system: tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension.
Allergic reactions: itching, urticaria, Quincke's edema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, arthralgia.
Adverse reactions associated with the chemotherapeutic effect: candidiasis.
Local reactions: pain, phlebitis (for IV injections). When applying eye drops in some cases may be mild pain and conjunctival hyperemia.
Other: vasculitis.
Pregnancy, lactation, childhood and adolescence to 15 years, increased sensitivity to Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) and other drugs hinolonovogo series; deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; in ophthalmology: viral keratitis.
Pronounced cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral circulatory disorder, mental illness, epilepsy, epileptic syndrome, marked renal and / or hepatic insufficiency.
Contraindicated in pregnancy ; Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) crosses the placenta, excreted in breast milk.
In experimental studies found that it causes arthropathy. In experiments on rats and mice treated with Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) in doses exceeding the usual daily dose for a person 6 times, adverse effects on the fetus is not revealed. In experiments on rabbits treated with oral dose of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) 30 and 100 mg / kg, it is shown that the drug causes disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to loss of body weight in females and increase the number of miscarriages but teratogenicity not found. When IV introduction to the doses of 20 mg / kg Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) did not exert toxic effects on the mother and embryo, showed no teratogenicity. The use of local forms of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) in pregnancy is possible if the anticipated benefits exceed the potential risk to the fetus.
Category of the fetus by FDA - C.
Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) is excreted in breast milk, so the period of lactation should decide, stop taking Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) or breastfeeding based on the degree of importance of the use of drugs for the mother.
With careful use of local forms of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) in breast-feeding (not known whether Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) is excreted in breast milk when applied topically).
Patients with impaired renal function requires correction dosing regimen. With caution used in elderly patients, with cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral circulatory disorders, epilepsy, convulsive syndrome of unknown etiology.
During treatment patients with Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) should receive enough amounts of liquids.
In the case of persistent diarrhea Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) should not be taken.
At the same time of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) IV introduction and barbiturates is necessary to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, ECG. In the course of treatment is necessary to monitor blood concentrations of urea, creatinine, hepatic transaminases.
In the period of treatment may decrease the reactivity (especially when used with alcohol).
Not allowed the introduction of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) subconjunctival or directly into the anterior chamber of the eye.
Due to the threat of adverse reactions from the CNS Ciloxadex should be used only according to the life in the pathology of the CNS in history: organic brain lesions, epilepsy, lowering the convulsive threshold, severe atherosclerosis of the brain (risk of circulatory disorders, stroke), the elderly, with severely impaired renal function and liver (requires monitoring concentrations in blood plasma).
Patients with allergic reactions to fluoroquinolone derivatives in history may develop reactions to Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride). During the period of treatment should avoid sunlight and UV radiation, intense physical exercise, control of drinking mode, pH of urine.
Reported cases of crystalluria, particularly in patients with alkaline reaction of urine (pH 7 or more). In order to avoid the development of crystalluria unacceptable excess of the recommended daily dose, should also be adequate fluid intake and maintaining acidic urine.
If you have pain in the tendons or the first signs tendovaginitah treatment should be discontinued (described isolated cases of inflammation or tendon rupture during fluoroquinolone treatment).
It can reduce the speed of psychomotor reactions, especially against the backdrop of alcohol, that should be considered for patients who work with potentially dangerous machinery or drive vehicles.
If you have severe diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis should be excluded (for which Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) is contraindicated). At the same time of barbiturates IV injections requires monitoring function of the cardiovascular system (heart rate, BP, ECG). Teenagers under 18 years shall be appointed only if the pathogen resistance to other chemotherapeutic drugs. The solution in the form of eye drops are not designed for intraocular injections. The use of other ophthalmic means the interval between injections should be at least 5 minutes.
Activity increases when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, clindamycin, metronidazole. Sukralfat, bismuth preparations, antacids containing aluminum ions, magnesium or calcium, cimetidine, ranitidine, vitamin and mineral supplement, iron sulfate, zinc, didanosine (recommended for 2 hours before or 4 hours after these drugs) reduce the suction. Probenecid, azlocillin increase the concentration in the blood. Decreases clearance and increases in plasma caffeine, aminophylline and theophylline (increased likelihood of side effects). Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) enhances the effect of warfarin and other oral anticoagulants (prolongs bleeding time). Increases nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine, increase the risk of CNS excitability and convulsive reactions against the background of NSAIDs. Medicines alkalinizing the urine (citrates, sodium bicarbonate, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors) reduce the solubility (increases the probability of crystalluria). Infusion solutions of Ciloxadex (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) ready to use can be combined with infusion solutions: 0.9% sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, Ringer lactate, 5 and 10% dextrose, 10% solution of fructose, and a solution containing 5% dextrose with 0,225 or 0.45% sodium chloride. Incompatible with solutions having a pH > 7.
May occur after receiving a single large dose or prolonged use. If a single dose of less than 150 mg / kg, acute poisoning feel light, 150-300 mg / kg - moderate, when using higher doses - heavy.
Symptoms: No specific symptoms.
Treatment: gastric lavage, the use of emetic drugs, the introduction of large quantities of liquid, the creation of acidic urine, in addition - hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (can be derived only 10% of the drug), all events are held on the background to maintain vital functions. The specific antidote is unknown.
Dexamethasone:
Ciloxadex is a glucocorticosteroid. This medication Inhibits the function of leukocytes and tissue macrophages. Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) restricts the migration of leukocytes in the area of inflammation. This drug violates the ability of macrophages to phagocytosis and the formation of interleukin-1. Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) decreases capillary permeability caused by histamine release. This medicine inhibits the activity of fibroblasts and collagen formation.
Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) inhibits the activity of phospholipase A2, which leads to suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.
With direct application to the vessels this drug has a vasoconstrictor effect.
Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) has a pronounced dose-dependent effect on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
In high doses Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) may increase the excitability of brain tissue and contributes to lowering the threshold of convulsive readiness.
With systemic use of therapeutic activity of Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, immunosuppressive and antiproliferative action.
For external and local use of therapeutic activity of Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) is due to anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiexudative (due to vasoconstrictor effect) effect.
The plasma protein binding is 60-70%. This medication penetrates histohematic barriers. In a small amount it is excreted in breast milk. Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) metabolized in a liver. T1/2 is 2-3 hours. This drug is excreted by kidneys.
When Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) applied topically in ophthalmology it absorbed through the cornea with intact epithelium in moisture anterior chamber. When inflammation of the tissues of the eye or mucosal damage and corneal absorption rate of Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) significantly increased.
For oral administration: Biermer's disease; acute and subacute thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, progressive ophthalmopathy associated with thyrotoxicosis; bronchial asthma; rheumatoid arthritis in the acute phase; ulcerative colitis; connective tissue disease; autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, aplasia and hypoplasia of hematopoiesis, agranulocytosis, serum sickness; acute erythroderma, pemphigus (normal), acute eczema (early treatment); malignant tumor (as a palliative therapy); congenital adrenogenital syndrome; cerebral edema (usually after a preliminary parenteral corticosteroids).
For parenteral administration: shock of various origins; swelling of the brain (with brain tumors, head injury, neurosurgical intervention, brain hemorrhage, encephalitis, meningitis, radiation damage); asthmatic status; severe allergic reactions (angioedema, bronchospasm, dermatosis, acute anaphylactic reaction to medication, transfusion serum, pyrogenic reactions); acute hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, agranulocytosis; serious infectious diseases (in combination with antibiotics); acute adrenal insufficiency, acute croup; arthropathy (scapulohumeral periarthritis, epicondylitis, styloiditis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, compression neuropathy, osteochondrosis, arthritis of various etiologies, osteoarthritis).
For use in ophthalmic practice: not purulent and allergic conjunctivitis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis without damaging the epithelium, iritis, iridocyclitis, blefaroconjuntivitis, blepharitis, episcleritis, scleritis, inflammation of injuries and eye surgeries, sympathetic ophthalmia.
The dosing regimen is individual. Orally for severe disease at the beginning of treatment it is prescribed to 10-15 mg / day, maintenance dose may be 2-4.5 mg / day or more. The daily dose divided into 2-3 doses. In small doses Ciloxadex is taken 1 time in the morning.
For parenteral administration this medication is administered IV slowly bolus or infusion (acute and urgent conditions); IM; it is possible also periarticular and intraarticular injection. During the day it can be administered from 4 to 20 mg of Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) 3-4 times / day. The duration of parenteral administration is usually 3-4 days, then move on to maintenance therapy of oral form. In the acute period in various diseases and early treatment Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) used in higher doses. Upon reaching the effect the dose is decreased within a few days before reaching the maintenance dose or until discontinuation of treatment.
When used in ophthalmology for acute conditions this drug instilled into conjunctival sac 1-2 drops every 1-2 hours, then with a decrease in inflammation after every 4-6 hours. The duration of treatment is from 1-2 days to several weeks depending on the clinical course of disease.
Endocrine system: impaired glucose tolerance, steroid diabetes mellitus or manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, suppression of adrenal function, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome (including moon face, obesity, pituitary type, hirsutism, increased blood pressure, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, myasthenia gravis, striae), delayed sexual development in children.
Metabolism: increased excretion of calcium, hypocalcemia, weight gain, negative nitrogen balance (increased protein breakdown), increased sweating, hypernatremia, hypokalemia.
CNS: delirium, disorientation, euphoria, hallucinations, manic-depressive psychosis, depression, paranoia, increased intracranial pressure, nervousness or anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, vertigo, pseudotumor cerebellum, headache, convulsions.
Cardio-vascular system: arrhythmia, bradycardia (up to cardiac arrest); development (in predisposed patients) or increased severity of chronic heart failure, ECG changes typical of hypokalemia, increased blood pressure, hypercoagulability, thrombosis. In patients with acute and subacute myocardial infarction - spread necrosis, slowing the formation of scar tissue that can lead to rupture of the heart muscle; with intracranial introduction - nosebleeds.
Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis, steroid gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, increase or decrease in appetite, flatulence, hiccups; rarely - increased activity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase.
Sensory organs: posterior subcapsular cataracts, increased intraocular pressure with possible damage to the optic nerve, propensity to develop secondary bacterial, fungal or viral infections of the eye, trophic changes of the cornea, exophthalmos.
Musculoskeletal system: growth retardation and ossification processes in children (premature closure of epiphyseal growth zones), osteoporosis (very rare - a pathological bone fractures, aseptic necrosis of head of humerus and femur), rupture of tendons of muscles, steroid myopathy, reduced muscle mass (atrophy).
Dermatological reactions: delayed wound healing, petechiae, ecchymosis, skin thinning, hyper or hypopigmentation, steroid acne, stretch marks, susceptibility to the development of pyoderma and candidiasis.
Allergic reactions: generalized (including skin rash, itching, anaphylactic shock) and when applied topically.
Effects associated with immunosuppressive action: development or worsening of infection (the appearance of this side effect contribute jointly used immunosuppressive drugs, and vaccinations).
Local reactions: when Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) administered parenteral - tissue necrosis.
For external use: rarely - itching, redness, burning, dryness, folliculitis, acne, hypopigmentation, perioral dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, maceration of the skin, secondary infection, skin atrophy, striae, miliaria. With prolonged use or application to large areas of skin may develop systemic side effects characteristic of SCS.
For short-term use for health reasons - increased sensitivity to Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone).
For intra-articular injection and injection directly into the lesion: previous arthroplasty, abnormal bleeding (endogenous or caused by the use of anticoagulants), intra-articular fracture, infection (sepsis) inflammation in the joints and periarticular infections (including in history), as well as general infectious disease, pronounced juxta-articular osteoporosis, no signs of inflammation in the joints ("dry" joint, such as osteoarthritis without synovitis), severe bone destruction and deformity of the joint (a sharp narrowing of joint space, ankylosis), instability of the joint as a result of arthritis, aseptic necrosis of the epiphyses of bones forming the joint.
For external use: bacterial, viral, fungal skin diseases, tuberculosis, skin, cutaneous manifestations of syphilis, skin tumors, post-vaccination period, violation of the integrity of the skin (ulcers, wounds), children's age (up to 2 years, with itching in the anal area - up to 12 years), rosacea, acne vulgaris, perioral dermatitis.
For use in ophthalmology: bacterial, viral, fungal eye diseases, tuberculosis eye damage, tampering with the ocular epithelium, acute form of purulent eye infection in the absence of specific therapy, diseases of the cornea, combined with defects in the epithelium, trachoma, glaucoma.
During pregnancy and lactating Ciloxadex (Dexamethasone) is used taking into account the expected therapeutic effect and adverse effect on the fetus. Long-term therapy during pregnancy does not exclude the possibility of violations of fetal growth. In the case of the end of pregnancy there is a danger of atrophy of the adrenal cortex of the fetus, which may require replacement therapy in the newborn.
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Symptoms: increased side effects.
Treatment: the development of adverse reactions - symptomatic therapy, the Itsenko-Cushing syndrome - the prescription of aminoglutethimide.
Depending on the reaction of the Ciloxadex after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Ciloxadex not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Ciloxadex addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Visitors | % | ||
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1-5mg | 3 | 100.0% |
Visitors | % | ||
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30-45 | 2 | 50.0% | |
46-60 | 1 | 25.0% | |
1-5 | 1 | 25.0% |
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology