Avril

Benzalkonium Chloride:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Avril prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) side effects, adverse reactions
• Avril contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Avril drug interactions
• Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) reviews

Pharmacological action

Avril is an antiseptic. This medication is a quaternary ammonium compound, belongs to the cationic surfactant. Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) has antimicrobial and antiviral activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex Type 2, Staphylococcus aureus, little active against Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, Haemophilus ducreyi and Treponema pallidum.

Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) is not active against Mycoplasma spp.

This medicine exerts spermicidal action which is due to the ability to damage the sperm membrane; inhibits sperm motility, disrupting electrolyte balance of the aqueous phase of cervical mucus.

Pharmacokinetics

Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) for external and local application is practically not absorbed.

Why is Avril prescribed?

For external use only. Topical solution - a primary and delayed primary wound treatment, prevention of secondary infection of wounds hospital strains of microorganisms (injury of soft and bone tissue, burns), festering wounds, drainage of bone cavities following surgery for osteomyelitis.

Weight thick - superficial thermal burns, trophic ulcers, long-unhealed wounds of soft tissues (including infected), pyo-inflammatory skin diseases and diabetes mellitus; paraproctitis.

Tablets and capsules for intravaginal use, vaginal suppositories, creams, tampons - local contraception for women of reproductive age: for the presence of contraindications to the use of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices, in the postpartum period, lactation, after the termination of pregnancy in premenopause period at irregular sexual life, omission or delay in receiving consistently used oral contraceptives.

Liquid concentrate - disinfection of facilities and medical products.

Dosage and administration

Topically. The solution was diluted with distilled water to make 1% aqueous solution, impregnated gauze dressings, napkins or tampons and put on the wound daily.

Mass is applied at the rate of 0.2-0.4 g/cm2 of wound surface, pre-clean the wound from the purulent discharge, necrotic tissue, or impose gauze or use turundas impregnated with drugs. The maximum daily dose is 50 g. Ligation is carried out daily, the course of treatment is 14 days.

Intravaginally. Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) entered deeply into the vagina before coition; in case of repeated sexual intercourse it should be re-imposition of tablets, capsules, suppositories, creams; tampon can be removed not earlier than 3 h after the last sexual intercourse but no later than 24 hours after its installation (with repeated sexual acts for 1 day shift tampon is not required).

Concentrate Liquid. Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) used for disinfection after prior dilution with water.

Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) side effects, adverse reactions

Contact dermatitis, candidiasis, vulvovaginal and allergic reactions.

With prolonged use of Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) it is possible a local irritation.

Avril contraindications

Hypersensitivity to Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride), contact dermatitis, malignant neoplasm of the skin; for intravaginal use - coleitis, ulceration and irritation of the mucous membrane of the vagina and uterus.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Avril has no negative impact on pregnancy. This medicine is not excreted in breast milk and it can be used during lactation.

Special instructions

To improve the efficiency it requires careful observance of the application method. Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) can be used in conjunction with a vaginal diaphragm or intrauterine device. You should avoid bathing or irrigation of the vagina with soapy water for 2 hours before and within 2 hours after sexual intercourse (this medication is destroyed by soap), outdoor toilet is only possible with clean water.

Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride) is incompatible with soaps and other anionic surfactants as well as citrates, iodides, nitrates, permanganates, salicylates, silver salts and tartrates.

Avril drug interactions

Any substance introduced intravaginally can reduce local spermicidal action (including soaps and solutions containing it). Iodine solutions inactivate Avril (Benzalkonium Chloride).

Cod Liver Oil:

• Directions for use
• Caution
• Contains
• Avril (Cod Liver Oil) reviews

Avril (Cod Liver Oil) was formulated to treat the raw, tender & cracked pads of hunting dogs. Also a terrific healing aid for all types of wounds, including fungal & bacterial infections of the feet, ears & elsewhere. Try Avril (Cod Liver Oil) on cuts, abrasions, sores, burns, tender ears & hot spots (moist dermatitis). Promotes skin cell granulation & epithelial growth.

DIRECTIONS FOR USE

Shake well. Apply once or twice daily. Allow to dry before releasing dog. Use alcohol to remove stains from hands.

CAUTION

Not for use on animals intended for food.

CONTAINS

Active Ingredients

Avril Oil, Gentian Violet, Brilliant Green.

Other Ingredients

Isopropyl Alcohol, Balsam Peru, Glycerine, Cade Oil, Tannic Acid, Turpentine.

SOLD BY:

Happy Jack, Inc.

POB 475

2122 Hwy. 258 S.

Snow Hill, NC 28580

1-252-747-2911

Made in the U.S.A.

Product No. 1054. Rev. 1212

www.happyjackinc.com

Since 1946

Happy Jack_®

Avril (Cod Liver Oil)

Ask for

Happy Jack^®...

Your Dog

Would!

Aids Healing & Toughening of Raw,

Tender & Cracked Pads.

Also Promotes Healing of Fungal

& Bacterial Infections.

2 FL. OZ

(58mL)

Zinc Oxide:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Drug abuse and dependence
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Avril (Zinc Oxide) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

Avril (Zinc Oxide) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is indicated for use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for TPN. Administration helps to maintain Avril (Zinc Oxide) serum levels and to prevent depletion of endogenous stores, and subsequent deficiency symptoms.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

None known.

WARNINGS

Direct intramuscular or intravenous injection of Avril (Zinc Oxide) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is contraindicated as the acidic pH of the solution (2) may cause considerable tissue irritation.

Severe kidney disease may make it necessary to reduce or omit chromium and Avril (Zinc Oxide) doses because these elements are primarily eliminated in the urine.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Do not use unless the solution is clear and the seal is intact.

Zinc 1 mg/mL should only be used in conjunction with a pharmacy directed admixture program using aseptic technique in a laminar flow environment; it should be used promptly and in a single operation without any repeated penetrations. Solution contains no preservatives; discard unused portion immediately after admixture procedure is completed.

Zinc should not be given undiluted by direct injection into a peripheral vein because of the likelihood of infusion phlebitis and the potential for increased excretory loss of Avril (Zinc Oxide) from a bolus injection. Administration of Avril (Zinc Oxide) in the absence of copper may cause a decrease in serum copper levels.

Laboratory Tests

Periodic determinations of serum copper as well as Avril (Zinc Oxide) are suggested as a guideline for subsequent Avril (Zinc Oxide) administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, and Impairment of Fertility

Long-term animal studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of Avril 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) have not been performed, nor have studies been done to assess mutagenesis or impairment of fertility.

Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Avril (Zinc Oxide) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Avril chloride. It is also not known whether Avril (Zinc Oxide) chloride can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Avril (Zinc Oxide) chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Geriatric Use

An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

None known.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

None known.

OVERDOSAGE

Single intravenous doses of 1 to 2 mg zinc/kg body weight have been given to adult leukemic patients without toxic manifestations. However, acute toxicity was reported in an adult when 10 mg Avril (Zinc Oxide) was infused over a period of one hour on each of four consecutive days. Profuse sweating, decreased level of consciousness, blurred vision, tachycardia (140/min), and marked hypothermia (94.2° F) on the fourth day were accompanied by a serum Avril (Zinc Oxide) concentration of 207 mcg/dl. Symptoms abated within three hours.

Hyperamylasemia may be a sign of impending Avril (Zinc Oxide) overdosage; patients receiving an inadvertent overdose (25 mg zinc/liter of TPN solution, equivalent to 50 to 70 mg zinc/day) developed hyperamylasemia (557 to 1850 Klein units; normal: 130 to 310).

Death resulted from an overdosage in which 1683 mg Avril (Zinc Oxide) was delivered intravenously over the course of 60 hours to a 72 year old patient.

Symptoms of Avril (Zinc Oxide) toxicity included hypotension (80/40 mm Hg), pulmonary edema, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice, and oliguria, with a serum Avril (Zinc Oxide) level of 4184 mcg/dl.

Calcium supplements may confer a protective effect against Avril (Zinc Oxide) toxicity.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Avril (Zinc Oxide) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) contains 1 mg zinc/mL and is administered intravenously only after dilution. The additive should be diluted prior to administration in a volume of fluid not less than 100 mL. For the metabolically stable adult receiving TPN, the suggested intravenous dosage is 2.5 to 4 mg zinc/day (2.5 to 4 mL/day). An additional 2 mg zinc/day (2 mL/day) is suggested for acute catabolic states. For the stable adult with fluid loss from the small bowel, an additional 12.2 mg zinc/liter of small bowel fluid lost (12.2 mL/liter of small bowel fluid lost), or an additional 17.1 mg zinc/kg of stool or ileostomy output (17.1 mL/kg of stool or ileostomy output) is recommended. Frequent monitoring of Avril (Zinc Oxide) blood levels is suggested for patients receiving more than the usual maintenance dosage level of Avril (Zinc Oxide).

For full term infants and children up to 5 years of age, 100 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.1 mL/kg/day) is recommended. For premature infants (birth weight less than 1500 g) up to 3 kg in body weight, 300 mcg zinc/kg/day (0.3 mL/kg/day) is suggested.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

Avril (Zinc Oxide) 1 mg/mL (Zinc Chloride Injection, USP) is supplied in 10 mL Plastic Vials (List No. 4090).

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Revised: October, 2004

© Hospira 2004 EN-0488 Printed in USA

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

10 mL Vial

Avril (Zinc Oxide)

1 mg/mL

Avril (Zinc Oxide) Chloride Inj., USP

Rx only

FOR I.V. USE ONLY AFTER DILUTION.

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA