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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Allopurinol
What is the dose of the medication you are taking? |
Allopurinol uses
Pharmacological action
Allopurinol is a medication that violates the synthesis of uric acid. This drug is a structural analog of hypoxanthine. It inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid. This is due to decrease in the concentration of uric acid and its salts in body fluids and urine, which helps dissolve existing uric acid deposits and prevents their formation in tissues and kidney. Allopurinol increases urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine.
Pharmacokinetics
After oral administration Allopurinol is almost entirely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This medication is metabolized to form alloxantin, which retains the ability to sufficiently long to inhibit xanthine oxidase. Cmax of Allopurinol in the blood plasma is reached after an average of 1.5 h, alloxantin - in 4.5 h after a single dose.
T1/2 of Allopurinol is 1-2 hours, alloxantin - about 15 hours. About 20% of the administered dose is excreted through the intestines and the rest by kidneys.
Why is Allopurinol prescribed?
Treatment and prevention of gout and hyperuricemia different genesis (including in conjunction with nephrolithiasis, renal failure, uric acid nephropathy). Recurrent mixed calcium oxalate kidney stones if hyperuricosuria. Increased production of urate due to enzyme disorders. Prevention of acute kidney disease in cytostatic and radiotherapy of tumors and leukemia, as well as full medical starvation.
Dosage and administration
The dosing regimen of Allopurinol is set individually under the control of concentrations of urate and uric acid in blood and urine. The ora ldose for adults is 100-900 mg / day depending on the severity of the disease. The frequency of admission is 2-4 times / day after a meal. For children under the age of 15 years - 10-20 mg / kg / day or 100-400 mg / day.
Maximum doses: if renal dysfunction - 100 mg / day. Increasing the dose is possible when on the background of the therapy remains an increased concentration of urate in the blood and urine.
Allopurinol side effects, adverse reactions
Cardio-vascular system: in single cases - hypertension, bradycardia.
Digestive system: possible dyspepsia (including nausea, vomiting), diarrhea, transient increase of transaminases in blood serum; rarely - hepatitis, in single cases - stomatitis, liver function (transient increase of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase), steatorrhea.
CNS and peripheral nervous system: in single cases - weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, depression, coma, paresis, paresthesia, seizures, neuropathy, visual impairment, cataracts, changes in the papilla of the optic nerve, disorders of taste sensations.
Hemopoietic system: in some cases - thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, leukopenia (most likely in patients with impaired renal function).
Urinary system: rarely - interstitial nephritis, in single cases - edema, uremia, hematuria.
Endocrine system: in single cases - sterility, impotence, gynecomastia, diabetes.
Metabolism: in single cases - hyperlipidemia.
Allergic reactions: skin rash, redness, itching; in some cases - angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fever, eosinophilia, fever, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome.
Dermatological reactions: in rare cases - furunculosis, alopecia, discoloration of hair.
Allopurinol contraindications
Pronounced liver function and / or renal disease, pregnancy, lactation, hypersensitivity to Allopurinol.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Allopurinol is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
Category effects on the fetus by FDA - C.
Special instructions
It is necessary to maintain urine output of at least 2 liters a day and a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction of urine, because it prevents the precipitation of urate and the formation of concretions. You should not begin therapy with Allopurinol until complete relief of acute attack of gout; during the first month of treatment is recommended prophylactic administration of NSAIDs or colchicine; in the case of an acute attack of gout during therapy was added to the anti-inflammatory drugs. If impaired renal and liver function (increased risk of side effects), the dose is decreased. First 6-8 weeks of treatment need regular liver function tests, and blood diseases require regular laboratory monitoring.
When a skin rash this drug is overturned, after the disappearance of the not copious rash there are possible a reappointment of the drug in its treatment of relapsed immediately terminate.
Use of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine on the background of Allopurinol permits a 4-fold reduction in their doses. This medication combined with a care with vidarabine.
Allopurinol drug interactions
With the simultaneous administration Allopurinol increases the effect of coumarin anticoagulants, adenine arabinoside, as well as hypoglycemic agents.
Uricosuric medicines and salicylates in high doses reduce the activity of Allopurinol Biogaran.
With the simultaneous administration of Allopurinol and cytostatics there is often manifested myelotoxic effect than when applied separatively.
With the simultaneous administration of this drug and azathioprine or mercaptopurine it is observed accumulation of the latter in the body, because in connection with the activity of xanthine oxidase inhibition with Allopurinol necessary to biotransformation of drugs, slowing their metabolism and elimination.
Allopurinol in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, oliguria.
Treatment: forced diuresis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Allopurinol pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Allopurinol available forms, composition, doses:
| Price | |
| Allopurinol 100 mg tablet | 0.24 USD |
| Allopurinol 300 mg tablet | 0.46 USD |
| Allopurinol powder | 18.41 USD |
| Allopurinol sodium 500 mg vial | 583.14 USD |
| Aloprim 500 mg vial | 612.3 USD |
| Apo-Allopurinol 100 mg Tablet | 0.08 USD |
| Apo-Allopurinol 200 mg Tablet | 0.14 USD |
| Apo-Allopurinol 300 mg Tablet | 0.22 USD |
| Novo-Purol 100 mg Tablet | 0.08 USD |
| Novo-Purol 200 mg Tablet | 0.14 USD |
| Novo-Purol 300 mg Tablet | 0.22 USD |
| Suspendol-s liquid | 0.04 USD |
| Tablets; Oral; Allopurinol 100 mg | |
| Tablets; Oral; Allopurinol 200 mg | |
| Tablets; Oral; Allopurinol 300 mg | |
| Zyloprim 100 mg tablet | 0.82 USD |
| Zyloprim 300 mg tablet | 1.89 USD |
Allopurinol destination | category:
Allopurinol Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:
Allopurinol pharmaceutical companies:
References
- Dailymed."ALLOPURINOL TABLET [PD-RX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.]". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- Dailymed."ALLOPURINOL; LESINURAD: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "allopurinol". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
Frequently asked Questions
Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Allopurinol?Depending on the reaction of the Allopurinol after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Allopurinol not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Allopurinol addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Review
sdrugs.com conducted a study on Allopurinol, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Allopurinol consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.Visitor reports
Visitor reported useful
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported side effects
No survey data has been collected yetTwo visitors reported price estimates
What is your opinion about drug cost? Did you feel the cost is apt, or did you feel it is expensive?The report given by the sdrugs.com website users shows the following figures about several people who felt the medicine Allopurinol is expensive, and the medicine is not expensive. The results are mixed. The perception of the cost of the medicine to be expensive or not depends on the brand name of the medicine, country, and place where it is sold, and the affordability of the patient. You can choose a generic drug in the place of the branded drug to save the cost. The efficiency of the medicine will not vary if it is generic or a branded one.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Expensive | 2 | 100.0% | |
One visitor reported frequency of use
How often in a day do you take the medicine?Are you taking the Allopurinol drug as prescribed by the doctor?
Few medications can be taken Once in a day more than prescribed when the doctor's advice mentions the medicine can be taken according to frequency or severity of symptoms. Most times, be very careful and clear about the number of times you are taking the medication. The report of sdrugs.com website users about the frequency of taking the drug Allopurinol is mentioned below.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Once in a day | 1 | 100.0% | |
One visitor reported doses
What is the dose of Allopurinol drug you are taking?According to the survey conducted among sdrugs.com website users, the maximum number of people are using the following dose 201-500mg. Few medications come in only one or two doses. Few are specific for adult dose and child dose. The dose of the medicine given to the patient depends on the severity of the symptom/disease. There can be dose adjustments made by the doctor, based on the progression of the disease. Follow-up is important.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 201-500mg | 1 | 100.0% | |
Visitor reported time for results
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported administration
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported age
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reviews
There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one! |
The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology