Alcofen

Acetaminophen:

• Pharmacological action
• Why is Alcofen (Acetaminophen) prescribed?
• Alcofen dosage and administration
• Alcofen side effects, adverse reactions
• Contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special Instructions
• Alcofen (Acetaminophen) Drug Interactions
• Alcofen in case of emergency / overdose
• Alcofen (Acetaminophen) reviews

Pharmacological action

Alcofen is an analgesic-antipyretic. It has analgesic, antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory action. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, the predominant influence on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus, enhances heat transfer.

Why is Alcofen (Acetaminophen) prescribed?

Pain weak and moderate intensity of different genesis (including headache, migraine, toothache, neuralgia, myalgia, algomenorrhea; pain in trauma, burns). Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Alcofen dosage and administration

Oral or rectally adults and adolescents with a body weight over 60 kg is used in a single dose of 500 mg, the multiplicity of admission - up to 4 times / Maximum duration of treatment - 5-7 days.

Maximum dose: single - 1 g, daily - 4 g.

Single dose for oral administration for children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 120-250 mg, from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg, up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg. Single dose rectal in children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 125-250 mg.

Multiplicity - 4 at intervals of not less than 4 h. The maximum duration of treatment - 3 days.

Maximum dose: 4 single dose per day.

Alcofen side effects, adverse reactions

Digestive system: rarely - dyspepsia; long-term use at high doses - hepatotoxic effects, methemoglobinemia, renal dysfunction and liver, hypochromic anemia. Hemopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis. Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, itching, hives.

Contraindications

Chronic active alcoholism, increased sensitivity to Alcofen, marked disturbances of liver function and / or kidney disease, anemia, pregnancy (I term).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Alcofen (Acetaminophen) crosses the placental barrier. So far, no observed adverse effects of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) on the fetus in humans.

Alcofen (Acetaminophen) is excreted in breast milk: the content in milk was 0.04-0.23% of the dose adopted mother.

If necessary, use of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or child.

In experimental studies found no embryotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic action of Alcofen (Acetaminophen).

Special Instructions

Alcofen is used with caution in patients with disorders of the liver and kidneys, with benign hyperbilirubinemia, as well as in elderly patients.

With prolonged use of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) is necessary to monitor patterns of peripheral blood and functional state of the liver.

Used for treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome in combination with pamabrom (diuretic, a derivative of xanthine) and mepyramine (Histamine H1-receptors blocker).

Alcofen (Acetaminophen) Drug Interactions

With the simultaneous use with inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, means having hepatotoxic effect, increasing the risk of hepatotoxic action of Alcofen (Acetaminophen).

With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants may be slight to moderate increase in prothrombin time.

With the simultaneous use of anticholinergics may decrease absorption of Alcofen (Acetaminophen).

With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives accelerated excretion of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) from the body and may reduce its analgesic action.

With the simultaneous use with urological means reduced their effectiveness.

With the simultaneous use of activated charcoal reduced bioavailability of Alcofen (Acetaminophen).

When Alcofen (Acetaminophen) applied simultaneously with diazepam may decrease excretion of diazepam.

There have been reports about the possibility of enhancing mielodepression effect of zidovudine while applying with Alcofen (Acetaminophen). A case of severe toxic liver injury.

Described cases of toxic effects of Alcofen (Acetaminophen), while the use of isoniazid.

When applied simultaneously with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidonom decreases the effectiveness of Alcofen (Acetaminophen), which is caused by an increase in its metabolism and excretion from the body. Cases of hepatotoxicity, while the use of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) and phenobarbital.

In applying cholestyramine a period of less than 1 h after administration of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) may decrease of its absorption.

At simultaneous application with lamotrigine moderately increased excretion of lamotrigine from the body.

With the simultaneous use of metoclopramide may increase absorption of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) and its increased concentration in blood plasma.

When applied simultaneously with probenecid may decrease clearance of Alcofen (Acetaminophen), with rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone - may increase clearance of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) due to increasing its metabolism in the liver.

At simultaneous application of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) with ethinylestradiol increases absorption of Alcofen (Acetaminophen) from the gut.

Enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives and indandione). Antipyretic and analgesic activity of caffeine increases, reduce - rifampicin, phenobarbital and alcohol (accelerated biotransformation, inducing microsomal liver enzymes).

Alcofen in case of emergency / overdose

At a reception in toxic doses (10-15 g in adults) may develop liver necrosis.

Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, extreme tiredness, unusual bleeding or bruising, pain in the upper right part of the stomach, yellowing of the skin or eyes, flu-like symptoms

Ibuprofen:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Alcofen prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Alcofen side effects
• Contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Alcofen drug interactions
• Alcofen in case of emergency / overdose
• Storage conditions
• Alcofen (Ibuprofen) reviews

Pharmacological action

NSAIDs, a derivative of phenylpropionic acid, Alcofen has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effect.

The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of COX activity - the main enzyme metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. Analgesic effect is due to both peripheral (indirectly, through suppression of prostaglandin synthesis), and a central mechanism (due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central and peripheral nervous system). Inhibits platelet aggregation.

For topical use anti-inflammatory and analgesic action. Reduces morning stiffness, increased the amount of motion in joints.

Pharmacokinetics

When oral administered Alcofen (Ibuprofen) almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Simultaneous food intake slows the rate of absorption. Metabolised in the liver (90%). T1 / 2 is 2-3 hours.

80% of the dose excreted in urine mainly as metabolites (70%), 10% - unchanged, 20% eliminated through the intestine in the form of metabolites.

Why is Alcofen prescribed?

Inflammatory, degenerative diseases of joints and spine (including rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis), articular syndrome in patients with acute gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tendonitis, bursitis, sciatica, traumatic inflammation of soft tissue and musculoskeletal apparatus. Neuralgia, myalgia, pain in infectious and inflammatory diseases of ENT organs, bursitis, algomenorrhea, headache and toothache. Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Dosage and administration

Setting individually, depending on etiology of disease, severity of clinical manifestations. When administered rectally or adult single dose of 200-800 mg, the frequency of reception - 3-4; for children - 20-40 mg / kg in divided doses.

Topical applied within 2-3 weeks.

The maximum daily dose for adults when administered oral or rectally or is 2.4 g.

Oral, after a meal. Rheumatoid arthritis - by 0.8 g 3 times a day in osteoarthrosis and ankylosing spondylitis - by 0.4-0.6 g 3-4 times a day, in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - at 30-40 mg / kg / day in several stages.

When soft tissue injuries, sprains - 1.6-2.4 g / day in divided doses.

At moderate pain syndrome - 1.2 g per day.

Alcofen side effects

Digestive system: frequently - nausea, anorexia, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, diarrhea, possibly the development of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract; rare - bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, long-term use possible liver problems.

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous systems: frequently - headache, dizziness, sleep disturbances, agitation, visual impairment.

Hemopoietic system: long-term use may be anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Urinary tract: long-term use possible renal dysfunction.

Allergic reactions: often - skin rash, Quincke's edema, rarely - aseptic meningitis (usually in patients with autoimmune diseases), bronchospasm syndrome.

Local reactions: when topical used may be hyperemia of the skin, burning or tingling.

Contraindications

Erosive-ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tract exacerbation, diseases of the optic nerve, "aspirin triad", hemodyscrasia, pronounced renal dysfunction and / or liver, children age, hypersensitivity to Alcofen (Ibuprofen).

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Do not use Alcofen (Ibuprofen) in the III trimester of pregnancy. Application I and II trimesters of pregnancy is justified only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother than the possible harm to the fetus.

This medication Alcofen (Ibuprofen) in small amounts excreted in breast milk. Possible using in lactation for pain and fever. If necessary, prolonged use or use in high doses (800 mg / 24 h), should decide on the termination of breastfeeding.

Special instructions

Precautions are used with the attendant liver and kidney diseases, chronic heart failure, with dyspeptic symptoms before treatment, immediately after surgery, with indications of a history of gastrointestinal bleeding in diseases of the digestive tract, allergic reactions associated with NSAID intake.

In the course of treatment requires systematic monitoring of the liver and kidneys, peripheral blood picture.

It should not be applied externally to the damaged skin.

Alcofen drug interactions

With simultaneous use of Alcofen (Ibuprofen) reduces the effect of antihypertensive agents (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers), diuretics (furosemide, hypothiazide).

With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants may enhance their action.

With simultaneous application of SCS increases the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.

With the simultaneous application of Alcofen (Ibuprofen) may displace from compounds with plasma proteins indirect anticoagulants (acenocoumarol), derivatives of hydantoin (phenytoin), oral hypoglycemic drugs sulfonylurea derivatives.

With the simultaneous use of amlodipine may be a slight reduction of antihypertensive action of amlodipine, with acetylsalicylic acid - decreased concentration of Alcofen (Ibuprofen) in blood plasma, with baclofen - described a case of toxic gain of baclofen.

When applied simultaneously with warfarin may increase bleeding time, were also observed microhematuria, bruises with hydrochlorothiazide - perhaps a slight reduction of antihypertensive action of hydrochlorothiazide, captopril - may reduce antihypertensive effect of captopril, with cholestyramine - moderately decrease absorption of Alcofen (Ibuprofen).

With simultaneous application of lithium carbonate increased the concentration of lithium in blood plasma.

With simultaneous application of magnesium hydroxide increases the initial absorption of Alcofen (Ibuprofen), with methotrexate - increases the toxicity of methotrexate.

Alcofen in case of emergency / overdose

In case of overdose, call your local poison control center or emergency services.

Symptoms of overdose may include: dizziness; fast eye movements that you cannot control; slow breathing or short periods of time without breathing; blue color around the lips, mouth, and nose.

Storage conditions

In a dry, protected from light place, at temperatures below 25°C.Common expiration date for Alcofen (Ibuprofen) tablets: 3 years.