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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Ranitidine:
Albis is a blocker of histamine H2-receptors. Inhibits basal and stimulated by histamine, gastrin and acetylcholine (to a lesser extent) the secretion of hydrochloric acid. Increases the pH of gastric contents and reduces the activity of pepsin. The duration of action of Albis (Ranitidine) with a single admission - 12 hours.
After oral administration, Albis (Ranitidine) is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating and antacids significantly affect the extent of absorption. Subjected to the effect of "first passage" through the liver. Cmax in plasma is reached within 2 h after a single oral administration. After IM injection Albis (Ranitidine) rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the injection site. Cmax achieved within 15 min.
Protein binding - 15%. Vd - 1.4 L / kg. Albis (Ranitidine) is excreted in breast milk.
T1/2 is 2-3 h. About 30% of the dose excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Elimination rate decreases with abnormal liver function or renal function.
Gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute phase; prevention of relapse of peptic ulcer; symptomatic ulcer; erosive and reflux esophagitis; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; prevention of "stress" ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, postoperative ulcers, recurrent bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract; prevention of aspiration of gastric juice during operations under general anesthesia.
Individual. For oral administration for treatment of adults and children over 14 years daily Albis dose is 300-450 mg; if necessary, the daily dose was increased to 600-900 mg; multiplicity of administration is 2-3 times / day. For the prevention of exacerbations of disease are used by 150 mg / day at bedtime. The duration of treatment is determined by the indications for use.
The dose of Albis (Ranitidine) for patients with renal insufficiency at the level of creatinine more than 3.3 mg / 100 ml is 75 mg 2 times / day.
IV or IM by 50-100 mg every 6-8 hours.
Cardio-vascular system: in a few cases (for IV administration) - AV-blockade.
Digestive system: rarely - diarrhea, constipation, and in isolated cases - hepatitis.
CNS: Rarely - headache, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, and in isolated cases (at seriously ill patients) - confusion, hallucinations.
Hematopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, prolonged use at high doses - leukopenia.
Metabolism: rarely - a slight increase of creatinine in serum at the beginning of treatment.
Endocrine system: long-term use in high doses may increase the content of prolactin, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, impotence, decreased libido.
From the musculoskeletal system: very rarely - arthralgia, myalgia.
Allergic reactions: rarely - a skin rash, urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, hypotension.
Other: rarely - recurrent parotitis, and in isolated cases - hair loss.
Pregnancy, lactation (breastfeeding), increased sensitivity to Albis (Ranitidine).
Adequate and well controlled studies of the safety of Albis during pregnancy has not been conducted, therefore the use during pregnancy is contraindicated.
If necessary the use of Albis (Ranitidine) during lactation should stop breastfeeding.
With careful use in patients with impaired renal excretory function.
Before treatment with Albis (Ranitidine) is necessary to exclude the possibility of a malignant disease of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum.
With long-term treatment of debilitated patients under stress conditions may be bacterial lesions of the stomach with subsequent spread of infection.
Undesirable abrupt discontinuation of Albis (Ranitidine) because of the risk of recurrence of peptic ulcer. Effectiveness of prophylactic treatment of peptic ulcer above while taking Albis (Ranitidine) courses for 45 days in spring and autumn than during the reception. Quick intravenous injection of Albis (Ranitidine) in rare cases cause bradycardia, usually in patients predisposed to cardiac arrhythmias.
There are a few reports that Albis (Ranitidine) might contribute to the development of acute attacks of porphyria, in connection with what is necessary to avoid its use in patients with acute porphyria in history.
Therapy with Albis (Ranitidine) possible distortions of laboratory data: increased creatinine, the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and liver transaminases in the blood plasma.
In cases where Albis (Ranitidine) is used in combination with antacids, the break between taking antacids and Albis (Ranitidine) should be at least 1-2 hours (antacids may cause undesired absorption of Albis (Ranitidine)).
Clinical data on the safety of Albis (Ranitidine) in pediatric patients is limited.
In an application with antacids may decrease absorption of Albis (Ranitidine).
In an application of Albis (Ranitidine) with anticholinergics may be in breach of memory and attention in elderly patients.
Probably that histamine H2-blockers reduce receptor ulcerogenic action of NSAIDs on the gastric mucosa.
In an application with warfarin may decrease clearance of warfarin. There is one case of gipoprotrombinemiey and bleeding in patients receiving warfarin.
In an application with bismuth tripotassium dicitrate may increase unwanted absorption of bismuth, with glyburide - described the cases of hypoglycemia, with ketoconazole, itraconazole - decreased absorption of ketoconazole, itraconazole.
In an application with metoprolol may increase the plasma concentrations and increased AUC and T1 / 2 of metoprolol.
In an application with sucralfate in high doses (2 g) possible violation of the absorption of Albis (Ranitidine).
In an application Albis (Ranitidine) with procainamide may be decrease excretion of procainamide by the kidneys which leads to an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.
There is a data of increased absorption of triazolam in its simultaneous application, apparently due to changes in pH of gastric contents under the influence of Albis (Ranitidine).
Probably that while the application with phenytoin may increase the concentration of phenytoin in plasma and increased risk of toxicity.
In an application with furosemide moderately expressed increasing the bioavailability of furosemide.
There is a described case of ventricular arrhythmias (bigeminy) with simultaneous application of quinidine, with cisapride - described a case of cardiotoxicity.
It can not be excluded some increase in cyclosporine concentration in blood plasma in its simultaneous application with Albis (Ranitidine).
Symptoms: seizures, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias.
Treatment: induction of vomiting or gastric lavage, symptomatic therapy. In convulsions - diazepam IV, bradycardia - atropine, ventricular arrhythmias - lidocaine.
Sucralfate:
Albis (Sucralfate) is an α-D-glucopyranoside, β-D-fructofuranosyl-, octakis(hydrogen sulfate), aluminum complex.
R = SO Al(OH) 3 2
Tablets for oral administration contain 1 g of Albis (Sucralfate).
Structural formula for Albis (Sucralfate)
Albis (Sucralfate) is only minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The small amounts of the sulfated disaccharide that are absorbed are excreted primarily in the urine.
Although the mechanism of sucralfate’s ability to accelerate healing of duodenal ulcers remains to be fully defined, it is known that it exerts its effect through a local, rather than systemic, action. The following observations also appear pertinent:
These observations suggest that sucralfate’s antiulcer activity is the result of formation of an ulcer-adherent complex that covers the ulcer site and protects it against further attack by acid, pepsin, and bile salts. There are approximately 14 to 16 mEq of acid-neutralizing capacity per 1 g dose of Albis (Sucralfate).
Albis (Sucralfate) is indicated in:
There are no known contraindications to the use of Albis (Sucralfate).
Duodenal ulcer is a chronic, recurrent disease. While short-term treatment with Albis can result in complete healing of the ulcer, a successful course of treatment with Albis (Sucralfate) should not be expected to alter the posthealing frequency or severity of duodenal ulceration.
Some studies have shown that simultaneous Albis administration in healthy volunteers reduced the extent of absorption (bioavailability) of single doses of the following: cimetidine, digoxin, fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ketoconazole, l-thyroxine, phenytoin, quinidine, ranitidine, tetracycline, and theophylline. Subtherapeutic prothrombin times with concomitant warfarin and Albis (Sucralfate) therapy have been reported in spontaneous and published case reports. However, two clinical studies have demonstrated no change in either serum warfarin concentration or prothrombin time with the addition of Albis (Sucralfate) to chronic warfarin therapy.
The mechanism of these interactions appears to be nonsystemic in nature, presumably resulting from Albis (Sucralfate) binding to the concomitant agent in the gastrointestinal tract. In all case studies to date (cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, digoxin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ranitidine), dosing the concomitant medication 2 hours before Albis (Sucralfate) eliminated the interaction. Because of the potential of Albis (Sucralfate) to alter the absorption of some drugs, Albis (Sucralfate) should be administered separately from other drugs when alterations in bioavailability are felt to be critical. In these cases, patients should be monitored appropriately.
Chronic oral toxicity studies of 24 months’ duration were conducted in mice and rats at doses up to 1 g/kg (12 times the human dose).
There was no evidence of drug-related tumorigenicity. A reproduction study in rats at doses up to 38 times the human dose did not reveal any indication of fertility impairment. Mutagenicity studies were not conducted.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Albis is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
Clinical studies of Albis (Sucralfate) tablets did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. PRECAUTIONS Special Populations Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis Patients
Adverse reactions to Albis (Sucralfate) in clinical trials were minor and only rarely led to discontinuation of the drug. In studies involving over 2700 patients treated with Albis (Sucralfate) tablets, adverse effects were reported in 129 (4.7%).
Constipation was the most frequent complaint (2%). Other adverse effects reported in less than 0.5% of the patients are listed below by body system:
Due to limited experience in humans with overdosage of Albis (Sucralfate), no specific treatment recommendations can be given. Acute oral toxicity studies in animals, however, using doses up to 12 g/kg body weight, could not find a lethal dose. Albis (Sucralfate) is only minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Risks associated with acute overdosage should, therefore, be minimal. In rare reports describing Albis (Sucralfate) overdose, most patients remained asymptomatic. Those few reports where adverse events were described included symptoms of dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Depending on the reaction of the Albis after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Albis not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Albis addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Visitors | % | ||
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Expensive | 1 | 100.0% |
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3 times in a day | 2 | 50.0% | |
Once in a day | 2 | 50.0% |
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101-200mg | 2 | 50.0% | |
51-100mg | 1 | 25.0% | |
1-5mg | 1 | 25.0% |
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With a meal | 1 | 50.0% | |
Before food | 1 | 50.0% |
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30-45 | 1 | 100.0% |
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology