|
|||
|
DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
|
Acetaminophen
How old is patient? |
Acetaminophen uses
Pharmacological action
Acetaminophen is an analgesic-antipyretic. It has analgesic, antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory action. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, the predominant influence on the thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus, enhances heat transfer.
Why is Acetaminophen prescribed?
Pain weak and moderate intensity of different genesis. Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Acetaminophen dosage and administration
Oral or rectally adults and adolescents with a body weight over 60 kg is used in a single dose of 500 mg, the multiplicity of admission - up to 4 times / Maximum duration of treatment - 5-7 days.
Maximum dose: single - 1 g, daily - 4 g.
Single dose for oral administration for children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 120-250 mg, from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg, up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg. Single dose rectal in children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 125-250 mg.
Multiplicity - 4 at intervals of not less than 4 h. The maximum duration of treatment - 3 days.
Maximum dose: 4 single dose per day.
Acetaminophen side effects, adverse reactions
Digestive system: rarely - dyspepsia; long-term use at high doses - hepatotoxic effects, methemoglobinemia, renal dysfunction and liver, hypochromic anemia. Hemopoietic system: rarely - thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis. Allergic reactions: rarely - skin rash, itching, hives.
Contraindications
Chronic active alcoholism, increased sensitivity to Acetaminophen, marked disturbances of liver function and / or kidney disease, anemia, pregnancy.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Acetaminophen crosses the placental barrier. So far, no observed adverse effects of Acetaminophen on the fetus in humans.
Acetaminophen is excreted in breast milk: the content in milk was 0.04-0.23% of the dose adopted mother.
If necessary, use of Acetaminophen during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding) should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or child.
In experimental studies found no embryotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic action of Acetaminophen.
Special Instructions
Acetaminophen is used with caution in patients with disorders of the liver and kidneys, with benign hyperbilirubinemia, as well as in elderly patients.
With prolonged use of Acetaminophen is necessary to monitor patterns of peripheral blood and functional state of the liver.
Used for treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome in combination with pamabrom and mepyramine (Histamine H1-receptors blocker).
Acetaminophen Drug Interactions
With the simultaneous use with inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, means having hepatotoxic effect, increasing the risk of hepatotoxic action of Acetaminophen.
With the simultaneous use of anticoagulants may be slight to moderate increase in prothrombin time.
With the simultaneous use of anticholinergics may decrease absorption of Acetaminophen.
With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives accelerated excretion of Acetaminophen from the body and may reduce its analgesic action.
With the simultaneous use with urological means reduced their effectiveness.
With the simultaneous use of activated charcoal reduced bioavailability of Acetaminophen.
When Acetaminophen applied simultaneously with diazepam may decrease excretion of diazepam.
There have been reports about the possibility of enhancing mielodepression effect of zidovudine while applying with Acetaminophen. A case of severe toxic liver injury.
Described cases of toxic effects of Acetaminophen, while the use of isoniazid.
When applied simultaneously with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidonom decreases the effectiveness of Acetaminophen, which is caused by an increase in its metabolism and excretion from the body. Cases of hepatotoxicity, while the use of Acetaminophen and phenobarbital.
In applying cholestyramine a period of less than 1 h after administration of Acetaminophen may decrease of its absorption.
At simultaneous application with lamotrigine moderately increased excretion of lamotrigine from the body.
With the simultaneous use of metoclopramide may increase absorption of Acetaminophen and its increased concentration in blood plasma.
When applied simultaneously with probenecid may decrease clearance of Acetaminophen, with rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone - may increase clearance of Acetaminophen due to increasing its metabolism in the liver.
At simultaneous application of Acetaminophen with ethinylestradiol increases absorption of Acetaminophen from the gut.
Enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants (coumarin derivatives and indandione). Antipyretic and analgesic activity of caffeine increases, reduce - rifampicin, phenobarbital and alcohol (accelerated biotransformation, inducing microsomal liver enzymes).
Acetaminophen in case of emergency / overdose
At a reception in toxic doses (10-15 g in adults) may develop liver necrosis.
Symptoms of overdose may include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, sweating, extreme tiredness, unusual bleeding or bruising, pain in the upper right part of the stomach, yellowing of the skin or eyes, flu-like symptoms
Acetaminophen pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Acetaminophen available forms, composition, doses:
Composition is the list of ingredients which combinedly form a medicine. Both active ingredients and inactive ingredients form the composition. The active ingredient gives the desired therapeutic effect whereas the inactive ingredient helps in making the medicine stable.
Doses are various strengths of the medicine like 10mg, 20mg, 30mg and so on. Each medicine comes in various doses which is decided by the manufacturer, that is, pharmaceutical company. The dose is decided on the severity of the symptom or disease.