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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Acetylcysteine:
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is indicated to prevent or lessen hepatic injury after ingestion of a potentially hepatotoxic quantity of acetaminophen in patients with acute ingestion or from repeated supratherapeutic ingestion (RSI).
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is an antidote for acetaminophen overdose indicated to prevent or lessen hepatic injury after ingestion of a potentially hepatotoxic quantity of acetaminophen in patients with acute ingestion or from repeated supratherapeutic ingestion. (1)
Pre-Treatment Assessment Following Acute Ingestion :
Obtain a plasma or serum sample to assay for acetaminophen concentration at least 4 hours after ingestion.
Nomogram for Estimating Potential for Hepatotoxicity from Acute Acetaminophen Ingestion (2.2):
Recommended Adult and Pediatric Dosage (2.3):
Repeated Supratherapeutic Acetaminophen Ingestion (2.4):
The following recommendations are related to acute acetaminophen ingestion. For recommendations related to repeated supratherapeutic exposure see Dosage and Administration (2.4) .
If the timing of the acute acetaminophen ingestion is known and the results of the acetaminophen assay are available within 8 hours:
The nomogram may underestimate the hepatotoxicity risk in patients with chronic alcoholism, malnutrition, or CYP2E1 enzyme inducing drugs (e.g., isoniazid), and consideration should be given to treating these patients even if the acetaminophen concentrations are in the nontoxic range.
Loading Dose
For patients whose acetaminophen concentrations are at or above the "possible" toxicity line (dotted line in nomogram):
For patients with an acute overdose due to an extended-release acetaminophen, if the acetaminophen concentration at 4 hours post ingestion is below the possible toxicity line then obtain a second sample for acetaminophen concentration 8 to 10 hours after the acute ingestion. If the second value is at or above the "possible" toxicity line (dotted line in nomogram):
For patients whose values are below the "possible" toxicity line, but time of ingestion was unknown or sample was obtained less than 4 hours after ingestion:
For patients whose values are below the "possible" toxicity line and time of ingestion is known and the sample was obtained more than 4 hours after ingestion, do not administer Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) because there is minimal risk of hepatotoxicity.
Figure 1: Rumack-Matthew Nomogram for Estimating Potential for Hepatotoxicity from Acetaminophen Poisoning – Plasma or Serum Acetaminophen Concentration versus Time (hours) Post-acetaminophen Ingestion (Adapted from Rumack and Matthew, Pediatrics 1975; 55:871−876.) | |
Maintenance Dose
Determine need for continued treatment with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) after the loading dose. Choose ONE of the following based on the acetaminophen concentration:
The acetaminophen concentration is above the possible toxicity line according to the nomogram :
The acetaminophen concentration could not be obtained:
For patients whose acetaminophen concentration is below the "possible" toxicity line and time of ingestion is known and the sample was obtained more than 4 hours after ingestion:
The acetaminophen concentration was in the non-toxic range, but time of ingestion was unknown or less than 4 hours:
Continued Therapy After Completion of Loading and Maintenance Doses
In cases of suspected massive overdose, or with concomitant ingestion of other substances, or in patients with preexisting liver disease; the absorption and/or the half-life of acetaminophen may be prolonged. In such cases, consideration should be given to the need for continued treatment with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) beyond a total of 17 maintenance doses.
Acetaminophen levels and ALT/AST and INR should be checked after the last maintenance dose. If acetaminophen levels are still detectable, or if the ALT/AST are still increasing or the INR remains elevated; the maintenance doses should be continued and the treating physician should contact a US regional poison center at 1-800-222-1222, or alternatively, a "special health professional assistance line for acetaminophen overdose" at 1-800-525-6115 for assistance with dosing recommendations.
Preparation and Administration Instructions
Patients Weighing 20 kg and Greater
Tables 1 and 2 provide the weight-based loading and maintenance doses, respectively, of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) for patients weighing 20 kg and greater. For patients weighing 20 to 59 kg dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) tablets in 150 mL of water. For patients weighing 60 kg and greater dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) tablets in 300 mL of water.
*No specific studies have been conducted to evaluate the necessity of dose adjustments in patients weighing over 100 kg. Limited information is available regarding the dosing requirements of patients that weigh more than 100 kg. | |||
Dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets in 300 mL of Water | |||
Body weight (Kg) | Actual Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Dose to be Administered (grams) | Number of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets to Dissolve in Water | |
2.5 gram tablets | 500 mg tablets | ||
100 or greater | 15 | 6 | 0 |
90 to 99 | 14 | 5 | 3 |
80 to 89 | 13 | 5 | 1 |
70 to 79 | 11 | 4 | 2 |
60 to 69 | 10 | 4 | 0 |
Dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets in 150 mL of Water | |||
50 to 59 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
40 to 49 | 7 | 2 | 4 |
30 to 39 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
20 to 29 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
Dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets in 300 mL of Water | |||
Body weight (Kg) | Actual Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Dose to be Administered (grams) | Number of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets to Dissolve in Water | |
2.5 gram tablets | 500 mg tablets | ||
100 or greater | 7.5 | 3 | 0 |
90 to 99 | 7 | 2 | 4 |
80 to 89 | 6.5 | 2 | 3 |
70 to 79 | 5.5 | 2 | 1 |
60 to 69 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
Dissolve Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Tablets in 150 mL of Water | |||
50 to 59 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
40 to 49 | 3.5 | 1 | 2 |
30 to 39 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
20 to 29 | 2 | 0 | 4 |
Patients Weighing 1 to 19 kg
Dissolve two 2.5 gram Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) effervescent tablets in 100 mL of water to create a 50 mg/mL solution. Calculate the loading and maintenance doses using the patient's kilogram weight:
Loading dose: Calculate the dose by multiplying the patient's kilogram weight by 140 mg/kg and dividing by the concentration of the solution (50 mg/mL). The result is the dose in mL for administration using an oral syringe.
Maintenance dose: Calculate the dose by multiplying the patient's kilogram weight by 70 mg/kg and dividing by the concentration of the solution (50 mg/mL). The result is the dose in mL for administration using an oral syringe.
Repeated supratherapeutic acetaminophen ingestion (RSI) is an ingestion of acetaminophen at dosages higher than those recommended for extended periods of time. The risk of hepatotoxicity and the recommendations for treatment of acute acetaminophen ingestion (i.e., the Rumack-Matthew nomogram) do not apply to patients with RSI. Therefore, obtain the following information to guide Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) treatment for RSI.
For specific Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) dosage and administration information in patients with RSI, consider contacting your regional poison center at 1-800-222-1222, or alternatively, a special health professional assistance line for acetaminophen overdose at 1-800-525-6115.
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) effervescent tablets are supplied as white, round, flat tablets with a lemon mint flavor in the following dosage strengths:
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) tablets contain the inactive ingredient sodium bicarbonate which may be clinically relevant in some patients .
Effervescent tablets: 500 mg and 2.5 grams (3)
None.
None (4)
Hypersensitivity reactions, including generalized urticaria have been observed in patients receiving oral Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) for acetaminophen overdose. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) should be discontinued unless it is deemed essential for patient management and the reactions can be otherwise controlled.
Occasionally severe and persistent vomiting occurs as a symptom of acute acetaminophen overdose. Treatment with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) may aggravate the vomiting and increase the risk of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in at risk patients (e.g., those with esophageal varices, peptic ulcers, etc.). Consider the risk/benefit for patients at risk of hemorrhage versus the risk of developing hepatic toxicity, and treat with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) as needed.
The following adverse reactions are described, or described in greater detail, in other sections of the labeling:
The most common adverse reactions have been identified from clinical studies or postmarketing reports of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine). Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The most common adverse reactions were nausea, vomiting, other gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash with or without fever.
Most common adverse reactions are nausea and vomiting, other gastrointestinal symptoms, and rash with or without fever. (6)
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Arbor Pharmaceuticals LLC at 1- 866-516-4950 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
Risk Summary
Limited published case reports and case series on Acemuk Biotic use during pregnancy are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of birth defects and miscarriage. However, there are clinical considerations . In animal reproduction studies, no teratogenic effects were observed with oral administration of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at doses up to 0.6 times the maximum recommended human dose (based on body surface area) of about 560 mg/kg (total dose on first day of treatment) .
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations
Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk
Acetaminophen and Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) cross the placenta. Delaying treatment in pregnant women with acetaminophen overdose and potentially toxic acetaminophen plasma levels may increase the risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Data
Animal Data
No teratogenic effects were observed in embryo-fetal development studies in rats at oral doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day (0.6 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) or in rabbits at oral doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day (0.6 times the maximum recommended human dose based on body surface area) administered during organogenesis.
Risk Summary
There is no information regarding the presence of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) in human milk, or the effects of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) on the breastfed infant or on milk production. The development and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) or from the underlying maternal condition.
Pediatric approval, including dosing, is not based on adequate and well-controlled clinical studies. Pediatric dosing recommendations are based on clinical experience .
Clinical studies of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) has not identified differences in the responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) tablets contain sodium. Consider the total sodium content from dietary and non-dietary sources in patients who may be sensitive to excess sodium intake, such as those with congestive heart failure, hypertension, or renal impairment.
At the recommended dosage an average sized adult (60 kg) may receive a total of 7 grams of sodium (304.3 mEq) on the first day of treatment, 5.3 grams of sodium (230.4 mEq) on the second day of treatment, and 4.4 grams of sodium (191.3 mEq) on the third day of treatment.
If sodium intake is a concern, please refer to Table 3 for the amount of sodium in each tablet and to Tables 1 and 2 for the recommended dosage in adults and pediatrics based on body weight in order to calculate the amount of sodium administered to an individual patient .
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is an antidote for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. It is the N-acetyl derivative of the naturally-occurring amino acid, cysteine. Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is a white crystalline powder that is freely soluble in water, alcohol, practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether with the molecular formula C5H9NO3S, a molecular weight of 163.2, and chemical name of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) has the following structural formula:
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) (acetylcysteine) effervescent tablets for oral solution contain 500 mg or 2.5 grams of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine). The following are inactive ingredients: sodium bicarbonate, maltodextrin, lemon flavor, sucralose, peppermint flavor, and edetate disodium.
The amount of sodium in each tablet of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is shown in Table 3.
Tablet Strength | Sodium Bicarbonate (mg) | Sodium (mg) | Sodium (mEq) |
---|---|---|---|
500 mg | 320 mg | 88 mg | 3.8 mEq |
2.5 grams | 1600 mg | 438 mg | 19 mEq |
Acemuk Biotic has been shown to reduce the extent of liver injury following acetaminophen overdose. Acetaminophen doses of 150 mg/kg or greater have been associated with hepatotoxicity. Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) probably protects the liver by maintaining or restoring the glutathione levels, or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation with, and thus detoxification of, the reactive metabolite of acetaminophen.
Absorption
After administration of a single oral dose of 11 grams of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) (dissolved in 300 mL of water) to 29 healthy adult subjects, the mean Cmax (CV%) was 26.5 (29) mcg/mL and mean (CV) AUCinf was 186 (29) hr∙mcg/mL. The median (range) time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 2 (1 to 3.5) hours.
Distribution
The steady-state volume of distribution (Vd) following administration of an intravenous dose of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) was 0.47 liter/kg. The protein binding for Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) ranges from 66% to 87 %.
Elimination
Metabolism
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) (i.e., N-acetylcysteine) undergoes extensive first pass metabolism and is postulated to form cysteine and disulfides (N,N-diacetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine). Cysteine is further metabolized to form glutathione and other metabolites.
Excretion
After a single oral dose of [35S]-acetylcysteine 100 mg, between 13 to 38% of the total radioactivity administered was recovered in urine within 24 hours. In a separate study, renal clearance was estimated to be approximately 30% of total body clearance.
In healthy subjects given a single oral dose of 11 grams of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine), the mean (CV%) terminal plasma half-life (T1/2) was 18.1 (22%) hours.
Specific Populations
Hepatic Impairment
Following a 600 mg intravenous dose of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) to subjects with mild (Child Pugh Class A, n=1), moderate (Child-Pugh Class B, n=4) or severe (Child-Pugh Class C; n=4) hepatic impairment and 6 healthy matched controls, mean T1/2 increased by 80%. Also, the mean CL decreased by 30% and the systemic Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) exposure (mean AUC) increased 1.6-fold in subjects with hepatic impairment compared to subjects with normal hepatic function. These changes are not considered to be clinically meaningful.
Renal Impairment
Hemodialysis may remove some of total Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine).
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenicity studies in laboratory animals have not been performed with Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine).
Mutagenesis
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) was negative in the Ames test.
Impairment of Fertility
In a fertility study of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) in rats, intravenous administration of 1000 mg/kg/day (0.3 times the recommended human oral dose based on body surface area) caused a profound reduction of fertility in females, which was correlated with morphological changes in oocytes and severe impairment of implantation (18 of 20 mated females had no implantations). The reversibility of this effect was not evaluated. No effects on fertility were observed in female rats at intravenous doses up to 300 mg/kg/day (0.1 times the recommended human oral dose based on body surface area), or in male rats at intravenous doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day. Mating was unaffected in this study.
In a reproduction study of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine), male rats were treated orally for 15 weeks prior to mating and during the mating period. A slight non-dose related reduction in fertility was observed at oral doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day (0.1 and 0.3 times the recommended human dose, respectively, based on body surface area).
Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) effervescent tablets are supplied as white, round, flat tablets with a lemon mint smell packaged in 2-count peelable foil blister packs in the following dosage strengths:
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F), excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F) Protect from moisture. Store tablets in original blister package until use.
Dilutions of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) should be used freshly prepared and utilized within two hours.
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information).
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Advise patients that hypersensitivity reactions, including generalized urticaria may occur and to report any signs or symptoms to their healthcare provider immediately .
Manufactured for:
arbor
PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC
Atlanta, GA 30328
Made in Switzerland by Alpex Pharma SA.
CET-PI-02
Rev. 04/2017
Patient Information Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)® (SEE-tuh-lev) (acetylcysteine) effervescent tablets for oral solution | |
What is Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)? Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) is a prescription medicine used to prevent or lessen liver damage in people who have taken too much acetaminophen (overdose). | |
Before taking Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine), tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
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How should I take Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)?
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What are the possible side effects of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)? Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) may cause serious side effects, including:
These are not all of the possible side effects of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine). Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. | |
How should I store Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)?
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General information about the safe and effective use of Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine). Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information leaflet. Do not use Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) to other people, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for more information about Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) that is written for health professionals. | |
What are the ingredients in Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine)? Active ingredient: Acemuk Biotic (Acetylcysteine) Inactive ingredients: sodium bicarbonate, maltodextrin, lemon flavor, sucralose, peppermint flavor, and edetate disodium Manufactured for: arbor PHARMACEUTICALS, LLC Atlanta, GA 30328 Made in Switzerland For more information, call 1-866-516-4950 | |
This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration | Issued: January 2016 |
Amoxicillin Trihydrate:
Acemuk Biotic is an antibiotic of group semisynthetic penicillins a wide spectrum of action. It is a 4-hydroxyl analog of ampicillin. It has bactericidal action. Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Escherichia Coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp.
Microorganisms producing penicillinase is resistant to Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate).
In combination with metronidazole Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) is active against Helicobacter Pylori. It is believed that inhibits the development of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole.
There is a cross-resistance between amoxycillin and ampicillin.
The spectrum of antibacterial action while expanding the application of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) and beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. This combination increased the activity of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) against Bacteroides spp., Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) Pseudomallei. However, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Serratia Marcescens, and many other gram-bacteria are resistant.
When Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) administered orally Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach. Cmax of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) in the blood plasma is reached after 1-2 h. When increasing doses of 2 times the concentration also increased by 2 times. In the presence of food in the stomach does not reduce the overall removals. Similar concentrations of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) reached in the blood when administered orally, IV and IM.
The binding of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) to plasma proteins is about 20%.
Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reported high concentrations of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) in the liver.
T1/2 from the plasma is 1-1.5 h. About 60% of the dose adopted by mouth, is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a dose of 250 mg of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) concentration in urine exceeds 300 micrograms / ml. A number of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) is determined in feces.
T1/2 for Newborns and the elderly can be longer.
In renal insufficiency T1/2 may be 7-20 hours.
In small quantities Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) penetrates through BBB in inflammation of the pia mater.
Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) is removed by hemodialysis.
For use Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) as monotherapy and in combination with clavulanic acid: an infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, including bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, gynecological infections, infections of the skin and soft tissue, listeria, leptospirosis, gonorrhea.
For use Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) in combination with metronidazole: chronic gastritis in acute, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute, associated with Helicobacter Pylori.
Individual. For oral single dose for adults and children over 10 years is 250-500 mg, in case of serious illness - up to 1 g. For children aged 5-10 years, a single dose of 250 mg in age from 2 to 5 years - 125 mg for children aged under 2 years of daily dose is 20 mg / kg. For adults and children interval is 8 h. In the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhea - 3 g once (in combination with probenecid). Patients with impaired renal function in creatinine clearance 10-40 ml / min interval between doses should be increased to 12 h and if creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml / min interval between doses should be 24 hours.
When parenteral use in adults IM - 1 g 2 times / day, IV (with normal renal function) - 2.12 g / day. Children IM 50 mg / kg / day, single dose - 500 mg, the frequency of administration - 2 times / day; IV - 100-200 mg / kg / day. Patients with impaired renal function the dose and the interval between the injections need to be adjusted in accordance with the values of creatinine clearance.
Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, edema Quincke, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, in rare cases - anaphylactic shock.
Side effects associated with chemotherapy effect: possible development of super-infection (particularly in patients with chronic diseases or low resistance of the organism).
With prolonged use at high doses: dizziness, ataxia, confusion, depression, peripheral neuropathy, seizures.
Mostly when Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) used in combination with metronidazole: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, glossitis, stomatitis; rarely - hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema), interstitial nephritis, a violation of hematopoiesis.
Mostly when Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) used in combination with clavulanic acid: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, rarely - erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis.
Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, severe gastrointestinal infections, accompanied by diarrhea or vomiting, respiratory viral infection, allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, sensitivity to penicillin and / or cephalosporins.
For use in combination with metronidazole: diseases of the nervous system; hemodyscrasia, lymphocytic leukemia, an infectious mononucleosis; Hypersensitivity to nitroimidazole derivatives.
For use in combination with clavulanic acid: a history of instructions for liver problems and jaundice, associated with the reception of Acemuk Biotic in combination with clavulanic acid.
Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) crosses the placenta, in small amounts excreted in breast milk.
If necessary the use of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) during pregnancy should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.
With careful use Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) during lactation (breastfeeding).
With caution used in patients prone to allergic reactions.
Acemuk Biotic in combination with metronidazole is not recommended to use in patients younger than 18 years should not be used for liver diseases.
In the combined therapy with metronidazole is recommended not to drink alcohol.
Treatment must continue 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of disease, with streptococcal infections - 10 days.
During the course treatment is necessary to control the state functions of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.
Perhaps the development of superinfection due to growth insensitive to the drug microflora. In the case of superinfection requires removal of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) and the corresponding change in antibiotic therapy. When treating patients with bacteremia may develop bacteriolysis reaction (reaction of Jarisch-Herxheimer).
Patients who have an increased sensitivity to penicillin, may be cross-allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics.
In the treatment of mild diarrhea at the background of the treatment should be avoided antidiarrhoeal drugs that reduce intestinal motility; can use kaolin or attapulgite containing antidiarrhoeal stuff. Patients with severe diarrhea should consult a doctor.
With simultaneous use of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) and oral contraceptives estrogensoderzhaschih and Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) should if possible to use additional methods of contraception.
Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) may decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives for oral administration.
With the simultaneous use of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) appears synergies; with bacteriostatic antibiotic (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulphonamide) - antagonism.
Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) increases the effects of indirect anticoagulants inhibiting intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.
Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) reduces the effect of drugs, in the process of metabolism that produce PABA.
Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate), which can be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.
Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, slow down and reduce, and ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate).
With the combined use of Acemuk Biotic (Amoxicillin Trihydrate) and clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics of both components unchanged.
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, disruption of water and electrolyte balance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea); for prolonged use at high doses - neurotoxic reactions and thrombocytopenia (these phenomena are reversible and disappear after drug withdrawal).
Treatment: gastric lavage, the prescription of activated charcoal, saline laxatives, correction of water and electrolyte balance; hemodialysis.
Depending on the reaction of the Acemuk Biotic after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Acemuk Biotic not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Acemuk Biotic addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
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The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology