Albesine Biotic

Amoxicillin:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Albesine Biotic prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) side effects, adverse reactions
• Contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Precautionary measures
• Albesine Biotic drug interactions
• Albesine Biotic in case of emergency / overdose
• Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) reviews

Pharmacological action

Albesine Biotic is an antibiotic of group semisynthetic penicillins a wide spectrum of action. It is a 4-hydroxyl analog of ampicillin. It has bactericidal action. Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (except strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Escherichia Coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp.

Microorganisms producing penicillinase is resistant to Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin).

In combination with metronidazole Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) is active against Helicobacter Pylori. It is believed that inhibits the development of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole.

There is a cross-resistance between amoxycillin and ampicillin.

The spectrum of antibacterial action while expanding the application of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) and beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. This combination increased the activity of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) against Bacteroides spp., Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) Pseudomallei. However, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Serratia Marcescens, and many other gram-bacteria are resistant.

Pharmacokinetics

When Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) administered orally Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach. C_max of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) in the blood plasma is reached after 1-2 h. When increasing doses of 2 times the concentration also increased by 2 times. In the presence of food in the stomach does not reduce the overall removals. Similar concentrations of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) reached in the blood when administered orally, IV and IM.

The binding of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) to plasma proteins is about 20%.

Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reported high concentrations of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) in the liver.

T1/2 from the plasma is 1-1.5 h. About 60% of the dose adopted by mouth, is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a dose of 250 mg of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) concentration in urine exceeds 300 micrograms / ml. A number of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) is determined in feces.

T1/2 for Newborns and the elderly can be longer.

In renal insufficiency T1/2 may be 7-20 hours.

In small quantities Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) penetrates through BBB in inflammation of the pia mater.

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) is removed by hemodialysis.

Why is Albesine Biotic prescribed?

For use Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) as monotherapy and in combination with clavulanic acid: an infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, including bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, gynecological infections, infections of the skin and soft tissue, listeria, leptospirosis, gonorrhea.

For use Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) in combination with metronidazole: chronic gastritis in acute, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute, associated with Helicobacter Pylori.

Dosage and administration

Individual. For oral single dose for adults and children over 10 years is 250-500 mg, in case of serious illness - up to 1 g. For children aged 5-10 years, a single dose of 250 mg in age from 2 to 5 years - 125 mg for children aged under 2 years of daily dose is 20 mg / kg. For adults and children interval is 8 h. In the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhea - 3 g once (in combination with probenecid). Patients with impaired renal function in creatinine clearance 10-40 ml / min interval between doses should be increased to 12 h and if creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml / min interval between doses should be 24 hours.

When parenteral use in adults IM - 1 g 2 times / day, IV (with normal renal function) - 2.12 g / day. Children IM 50 mg / kg / day, single dose - 500 mg, the frequency of administration - 2 times / day; IV - 100-200 mg / kg / day. Patients with impaired renal function the dose and the interval between the injections need to be adjusted in accordance with the values of creatinine clearance.

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) side effects, adverse reactions

Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, edema Quincke, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, in rare cases - anaphylactic shock.

Side effects associated with chemotherapy effect: possible development of super-infection (particularly in patients with chronic diseases or low resistance of the organism).

With prolonged use at high doses: dizziness, ataxia, confusion, depression, peripheral neuropathy, seizures.

Mostly when Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) used in combination with metronidazole: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, glossitis, stomatitis; rarely - hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema), interstitial nephritis, a violation of hematopoiesis.

Mostly when Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) used in combination with clavulanic acid: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, rarely - erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis.

Contraindications

Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, severe gastrointestinal infections, accompanied by diarrhea or vomiting, respiratory viral infection, allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, sensitivity to penicillin and / or cephalosporins.

For use in combination with metronidazole: diseases of the nervous system; hemodyscrasia, lymphocytic leukemia, an infectious mononucleosis; Hypersensitivity to nitroimidazole derivatives.

For use in combination with clavulanic acid: a history of instructions for liver problems and jaundice, associated with the reception of Albesine Biotic in combination with clavulanic acid.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) crosses the placenta, in small amounts excreted in breast milk.

If necessary the use of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) during pregnancy should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.

With careful use Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) during lactation (breastfeeding).

Special instructions

With caution used in patients prone to allergic reactions.

Albesine Biotic in combination with metronidazole is not recommended to use in patients younger than 18 years should not be used for liver diseases.

In the combined therapy with metronidazole is recommended not to drink alcohol.

Precautionary measures

Treatment must continue 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of disease, with streptococcal infections - 10 days.

During the course treatment is necessary to control the state functions of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.

Perhaps the development of superinfection due to growth insensitive to the drug microflora. In the case of superinfection requires removal of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) and the corresponding change in antibiotic therapy. When treating patients with bacteremia may develop bacteriolysis reaction (reaction of Jarisch-Herxheimer).

Patients who have an increased sensitivity to penicillin, may be cross-allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics.

In the treatment of mild diarrhea at the background of the treatment should be avoided antidiarrhoeal drugs that reduce intestinal motility; can use kaolin or attapulgite containing antidiarrhoeal stuff. Patients with severe diarrhea should consult a doctor.

With simultaneous use of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) and oral contraceptives estrogensoderzhaschih and Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) should if possible to use additional methods of contraception.

Albesine Biotic drug interactions

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) may decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives for oral administration.

With the simultaneous use of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) appears synergies; with bacteriostatic antibiotic (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulphonamide) - antagonism.

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) increases the effects of indirect anticoagulants inhibiting intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.

Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) reduces the effect of drugs, in the process of metabolism that produce PABA.

Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin), which can be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, slow down and reduce, and ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin).

With the combined use of Albesine Biotic (Amoxicillin) and clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics of both components unchanged.

Albesine Biotic in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, disruption of water and electrolyte balance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea); for prolonged use at high doses - neurotoxic reactions and thrombocytopenia (these phenomena are reversible and disappear after drug withdrawal).

Treatment: gastric lavage, the prescription of activated charcoal, saline laxatives, correction of water and electrolyte balance; hemodialysis.

Diclofenac:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Albesine Biotic prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) side effects
• Contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) drug interactions
• Albesine Biotic in case of emergency / overdose
• Storage conditions
• Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) reviews

Pharmacological action

NSAIDs, a derivative of phenylacetic acid, Albesine Biotic has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and mild antipyretic effect. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of COX activity - the main enzyme metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play a major role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. Analgesic effect is due to two mechanisms: peripheral (indirectly, through suppression of prostaglandin synthesis) and central (due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in the central and peripheral nervous system).

Inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage.

In rheumatic diseases, Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) reduces joint pain at rest and in motion, as well as morning stiffness and swelling of the joints, helps to increase range of motion; reduces post-traumatic and postoperative pain, and inflammatory edema.

Inhibits platelet aggregation. With prolonged use has a desensitizing effect.

When used topically in ophthalmology reduces swelling and pain in inflammatory processes non-infectious etiology.

Pharmacokinetics

After intake is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Eating slows down the rate of absorption, extent of absorption is not changed. About 50% of the active substance is metabolized in the "first passage" through the liver. When used rectally absorption is slower. Time to reach C_max in plasma after oral administration is 2-4 hours depending on the used dosage form, after rectal - 1 h, I.M. administration - 20 min. The concentration of active substance in plasma is a linear function of the applied dose.

Not cumulative. Plasma protein binding is 99.7% (predominantly albumin). Penetrates into synovial fluid, C_max is achieved in 2-4 hours later than in plasma.

To a large extent metabolized to form several metabolites, among which two pharmacologically active, but to a lesser extent than Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac).

Systemic clearance of the active substance is about 263 ml / min. T1/2 from plasma is 1-2 h, from synovial fluid - 3-6 h. Approximately 60% of the dose was excreted as metabolites by the kidneys, less than 1% excreted in the urine as unchanged, while the rest is displayed in the form of metabolites with bile.

Why is Albesine Biotic prescribed?

Articular syndrome (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, gout), degenerative and chronic inflammatory diseases of musculoskeletal system (osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis, periartropatii), post-traumatic inflammation of soft tissue and musculoskeletal system (sprains, bruises). Pain in the spine, neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia, pain and inflammation after surgery or injury, pain in gout, migraine, algomenorrhea, pain with Bursitis, proctitis, colic (biliary and renal), pain in infectious and inflammatory diseases of ENT organs.

For local use: the inhibition of miosis during surgery for cataract prevention of cystoid macular edema associated with removal and lens implantation, inflammatory eye non-infectious nature, post-traumatic inflammation in penetrating and nonpenetrating wound of the eyeball.

Dosage and administration

For oral use for adult single dose is 25-50 mg 2-3 times / 24 h. Frequency of admission depends on the dosage form employed, the severity of the disease and is 1-3 times / 24 h, rectally - 1 times / 24 h, for the treatment of acute conditions or the exacerbation of chronic edema use intramuscular in dose of 75 mg.

For children older than 6 years and adolescents daily dose is 2 mg / kg.

Topical applied at a dose of 2-4 g on the affected area 3-4 times / 24 h.

When used in ophthalmology frequency and duration of administration are determined individually.

The maximum oral daily dose for adults is 150 mg.

Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) side effects

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain and discomfort in the epigastrium, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea, and in some cases - erosive-ulcerative lesions, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation; rarely - abnormal liver function. When rectal administration - in isolated cases were observed inflammation of the colon bleeding, exacerbation of ulcerative colitis.

From the side of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system: dizziness, headache, agitation, insomnia, irritability, fatigue, rarely - paresthesia, visual disturbances (blurred, double vision), tinnitus, insomnia, cramps, irritability, tremors, mental disorders, depression.

Hemopoietic system: rarely - anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Urinary system: rarely - renal failure; in predisposed patients may be swelling.

Dermatological reactions: rarely - hair loss.

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, when used in the form of eye drops - itching, redness, photosensitivity.

Local reactions: in the place of I.M. introducing possible burning, in some cases - the formation of infiltration, abscess, necrosis of adipose tissue in the rectal administration may be local irritation, the appearance of mucous discharge mixed with blood, painful defecation, when used externally, in rare cases - itching, redness, rash, burning sensation, when applied topically in ophthalmology may be a transient burning sensation and / or temporary blurred vision immediately after instillation.

With long-term topical use and / or drawing on a vast surface of body are possible systemic side effects due to resorptive action of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac).

Contraindications

known hypersensitivity to Albesine Biotic sodium or to any accessory ingredient that is part of the drug Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac);

anamnestic information about the attacks of bronchial asthma, urticaria, acute rhinitis associated with the use of aspirin or other NSAIDs;

hemodyscrasia unknown origin;

children under 6 years

pregnancy (III trimester);

lactation

increased sensitivity to sulfite (for injection solution).

children under age 15 - tablets of 50 mg to 18 years - injection.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use during pregnancy and lactation is possible in cases where the potential benefits for the mother exceeds than the potential risk to the fetus or newborn.

Special instructions

With extreme caution is used in diseases of liver, kidney, gastrointestinal history, dyspepsia, asthma, hypertension, heart failure, after major surgery, as well as elderly patients.

When referring to a history of allergic reactions to NSAIDs Albesine Biotic and sulfites are used only in urgent cases. In the course of treatment requires systematic monitoring of liver function and kidney picture of peripheral blood.

Do not recommended the use for rectal patients with diseases of anorectal region or anorectal bleeding in history. Topical should be applied only to intact skin areas.

Avoid contact with Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) in the eye (except for eye drops), or on mucous membranes. Patients who use contact lenses, eye drops should be applied no earlier than 5 minutes after removing the lenses.

Not recommended for children under 6 years.

During the period of treatment drugs for systemic use is not recommended alcohol consumption.

During the period of treatment may decrease the speed of psychomotor reactions. With worsening blurred vision after application of eye drops should not be driving and doing other potentially danger activities.

Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) drug interactions

At simultaneous application with Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) antihypertensive drugs may be weakening their actions.

There are few reports on the occurrence of seizures in patients taking both NSAIDs and antibacterial drugs quinolic series.

At simultaneous application with GCS and increased risk of side effects from the digestive system.

With simultaneous use of diuretics may decrease diuretic effect. With the simultaneous use of potassium-sparing diuretics may increase the concentration of potassium in the blood.

With simultaneous use with other NSAIDs may increase the risk of side effects.

There are reports of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes who engaged in Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) together with hypoglycemic drugs.

When applied simultaneously with acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the concentration of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) in plasma.

Although clinical studies have not found the influence of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) on the action of anticoagulants, describes the individual cases of bleeding when used with Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) and warfarin.

With simultaneous use may increase digoxin, lithium, and phenytoin in blood plasma.

The absorption of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced by simultaneous application with kolestiraminom, to a lesser extent - with colestipol.

With simultaneous use may increase the concentration of methotrexate in plasma and increased its toxicity.

With simultaneous application of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) could not affect the bioavailability of morphine, but the concentration of the active metabolite of morphine may be enhanced in the presence of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac), which increases the risk of side effects metabolites of morphine, including respiratory depression.

When applied simultaneously with pentazocine described a case of great convulsions, and rifampicin - may decrease the concentration of Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) in plasma, with ceftriaxone - increases excretion of ceftriaxone in bile; with cyclosporine - may increase cyclosporine nephrotoxicity.

Albesine Biotic in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: may cause hypotension, renal failure, convulsions, gastrointestinal irritation or respiratory depression. Treatment: There is no specific antidote. In acute poisoning as soon as possible to stop drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. There is indicated gastric lavage, activated charcoal appointment and conduct of other symptomatic and supportive therapy. The use of forced diuresis, dialysis or blood transfusion is not justified because NSAIDs largely associated with serum proteins and possess extensive metabolism.

Storage conditions

In a dry, protected from light place, at temperature not above 25°C.Common expiration date for Albesine Biotic (Diclofenac) tablets: 3 years.