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DRUGS & SUPPLEMENTS
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Promoxil
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Promoxil uses
Pharmacological action
Promoxil is an antibiotic of group semisynthetic penicillins a wide spectrum of action. It is a 4-hydroxyl analog of ampicillin. It has bactericidal action. Promoxil is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria Gonorrhoeae, Neisseria Meningitidis, Escherichia Coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp.
Microorganisms producing penicillinase is resistant to Promoxil.
In combination with metronidazole Promoxil is active against Helicobacter Pylori. It is believed that inhibits the development of Promoxil resistance of Helicobacter pylori to metronidazole.
There is a cross-resistance between amoxycillin and ampicillin.
The spectrum of antibacterial action while expanding the application of Promoxil and beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. This combination increased the activity of Promoxil against Bacteroides spp., Legionella spp., Nocardia spp., Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) Pseudomallei. However, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Serratia Marcescens, and many other gram-bacteria are resistant.
Pharmacokinetics
When Promoxil administered orally Promoxil rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is not destroyed in the acidic environment of the stomach. Cmax of Promoxil in the blood plasma is reached after 1-2 h. When increasing doses of 2 times the concentration also increased by 2 times. In the presence of food in the stomach does not reduce the overall removals. Similar concentrations of Promoxil reached in the blood when administered orally, IV and IM.
The binding of Promoxil to plasma proteins is about 20%.
Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reported high concentrations of Promoxil in the liver.
T1/2 from the plasma is 1-1.5 h. About 60% of the dose adopted by mouth, is excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion, with a dose of 250 mg of Promoxil concentration in urine exceeds 300 micrograms / ml. A number of Promoxil is determined in feces.
T1/2 for Newborns and the elderly can be longer.
In renal insufficiency T1/2 may be 7-20 hours.
In small quantities Promoxil penetrates through BBB in inflammation of the pia mater.
Promoxil is removed by hemodialysis.
Why is Promoxil prescribed?
For use Promoxil as monotherapy and in combination with clavulanic acid: an infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by susceptible microorganisms, including bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, gynecological infections, infections of the skin and soft tissue, listeria, leptospirosis, gonorrhea.
For use Promoxil in combination with metronidazole: chronic gastritis in acute, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer in acute, associated with Helicobacter Pylori.
Dosage and administration
Individual. For oral single dose for adults and children over 10 years is 250-500 mg, in case of serious illness - up to 1 g. For children aged 5-10 years, a single dose of 250 mg in age from 2 to 5 years - 125 mg for children aged under 2 years of daily dose is 20 mg / kg. For adults and children interval is 8 h. In the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhea - 3 g once (in combination with probenecid). Patients with impaired renal function in creatinine clearance 10-40 ml / min interval between doses should be increased to 12 h and if creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml / min interval between doses should be 24 hours.
When parenteral use in adults IM - 1 g 2 times / day, IV (with normal renal function) - 2.12 g / day. Children IM 50 mg / kg / day, single dose - 500 mg, the frequency of administration - 2 times / day; IV - 100-200 mg / kg / day. Patients with impaired renal function the dose and the interval between the injections need to be adjusted in accordance with the values of creatinine clearance.
Promoxil side effects, adverse reactions
Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, edema Quincke, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, in rare cases - anaphylactic shock.
Side effects associated with chemotherapy effect: possible development of super-infection (particularly in patients with chronic diseases or low resistance of the organism).
With prolonged use at high doses: dizziness, ataxia, confusion, depression, peripheral neuropathy, seizures.
Mostly when Promoxil used in combination with metronidazole: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, constipation, epigastric pain, glossitis, stomatitis; rarely - hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis, allergic reactions (urticaria, angioedema), interstitial nephritis, a violation of hematopoiesis.
Mostly when Promoxil used in combination with clavulanic acid: cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, rarely - erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis.
Contraindications
Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, severe gastrointestinal infections, accompanied by diarrhea or vomiting, respiratory viral infection, allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, sensitivity to penicillin and / or cephalosporins.
For use in combination with metronidazole: diseases of the nervous system; hemodyscrasia, lymphocytic leukemia, an infectious mononucleosis; Hypersensitivity to nitroimidazole derivatives.
For use in combination with clavulanic acid: a history of instructions for liver problems and jaundice, associated with the reception of Promoxil in combination with clavulanic acid.
Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Promoxil crosses the placenta, in small amounts excreted in breast milk.
If necessary the use of Promoxil during pregnancy should carefully weigh the potential benefits of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus.
With careful use Promoxil during lactation.
Special instructions
With caution used in patients prone to allergic reactions.
Promoxil in combination with metronidazole is not recommended to use in patients younger than 18 years should not be used for liver diseases.
In the combined therapy with metronidazole is recommended not to drink alcohol.
Precautionary measures
Treatment must continue 48-72 hours after the disappearance of clinical signs of disease, with streptococcal infections - 10 days.
During the course treatment is necessary to control the state functions of hematopoiesis, liver and kidneys.
Perhaps the development of superinfection due to growth insensitive to the drug microflora. In the case of superinfection requires removal of Promoxil and the corresponding change in antibiotic therapy. When treating patients with bacteremia may develop bacteriolysis reaction.
Patients who have an increased sensitivity to penicillin, may be cross-allergic reactions to cephalosporin antibiotics.
In the treatment of mild diarrhea at the background of the treatment should be avoided antidiarrhoeal drugs that reduce intestinal motility; can use kaolin or attapulgite containing antidiarrhoeal stuff. Patients with severe diarrhea should consult a doctor.
With simultaneous use of Promoxil and oral contraceptives estrogensoderzhaschih and Promoxil should if possible to use additional methods of contraception.
Promoxil drug interactions
Promoxil may decrease the effectiveness of contraceptives for oral administration.
With the simultaneous use of Promoxil with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) appears synergies; with bacteriostatic antibiotic (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulphonamide) - antagonism.
Promoxil increases the effects of indirect anticoagulants inhibiting intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.
Promoxil reduces the effect of drugs, in the process of metabolism that produce PABA.
Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Promoxil, which can be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.
Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides, slow down and reduce, and ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Promoxil.
With the combined use of Promoxil and clavulanic acid pharmacokinetics of both components unchanged.
Promoxil in case of emergency / overdose
Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, disruption of water and electrolyte balance (as a result of vomiting and diarrhea); for prolonged use at high doses - neurotoxic reactions and thrombocytopenia (these phenomena are reversible and disappear after drug withdrawal).
Treatment: gastric lavage, the prescription of activated charcoal, saline laxatives, correction of water and electrolyte balance; hemodialysis.
Promoxil pharmaceutical active ingredients containing related brand and generic drugs:
Promoxil available forms, composition, doses:
Promoxil destination | category:
Promoxil Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes:
Promoxil pharmaceutical companies:
References
- Dailymed."AMOXICILLIN; CLAVULANATE POTASSIUM: DailyMed provides trustworthy information about marketed drugs in the United States. DailyMed is the official provider of FDA label information (package inserts).". https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailym... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "amoxicillin". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/co... (accessed August 28, 2018).
- "amoxicillin". http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB0106... (accessed August 28, 2018).
Frequently asked Questions
Can i drive or operate heavy machine after consuming Promoxil?Depending on the reaction of the Promoxil after taken, if you are feeling dizziness, drowsiness or any weakness as a reaction on your body, Then consider Promoxil not safe to drive or operate heavy machine after consumption. Meaning that, do not drive or operate heavy duty machines after taking the capsule if the capsule has a strange reaction on your body like dizziness, drowsiness. As prescribed by a pharmacist, it is dangerous to take alcohol while taking medicines as it exposed patients to drowsiness and health risk. Please take note of such effect most especially when taking Primosa capsule. It's advisable to consult your doctor on time for a proper recommendation and medical consultations.
Is Promoxil addictive or habit forming?Medicines are not designed with the mind of creating an addiction or abuse on the health of the users. Addictive Medicine is categorically called Controlled substances by the government. For instance, Schedule H or X in India and schedule II-V in the US are controlled substances.
Please consult the medicine instruction manual on how to use and ensure it is not a controlled substance.In conclusion, self medication is a killer to your health. Consult your doctor for a proper prescription, recommendation, and guidiance.
Review
sdrugs.com conducted a study on Promoxil, and the result of the survey is set out below. It is noteworthy that the product of the survey is based on the perception and impressions of the visitors of the website as well as the views of Promoxil consumers. We, as a result of this, advice that you do not base your therapeutic or medical decisions on this result, but rather consult your certified medical experts for their recommendations.Visitor reports
Visitor reported useful
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported side effects
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported price estimates
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported frequency of use
No survey data has been collected yetVisitor reported doses
No survey data has been collected yetOne visitor reported time for results
What is the time duration Promoxil drug must be taken for it to be effective or for it to reduce the symptoms?Most chronic conditions need at least some time so the dose and the drug action gets adjusted to the body to get the desired effect. The stastistics say sdrugs.com website users needed 1 day to notice the result from using Promoxil drug. The time needed to show improvement in health condition after using the medicine Promoxil need not be same for all the users. It varies based on other factors.
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 day | 1 | 100.0% | |
Visitor reported administration
No survey data has been collected yetTwo visitors reported age
| Visitors | % | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 46-60 | 1 | 50.0% | |
| 1-5 | 1 | 50.0% | |
Visitor reviews
There are no reviews yet. Be the first to write one! |
The information was verified by Dr. Rachana Salvi, MD Pharmacology