Megaclox

Ampicillin:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Megaclox prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Megaclox (Ampicillin) side effects, adverse reactions
• Megaclox contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Megaclox drug interactions
• Megaclox in case of emergency / overdose
• Megaclox (Ampicillin) reviews

Pharmacological action

Megaclox is an antibiotic of semisynthetic broad-spectrum penicillin group. This medication has a bactericidal effect by suppressing the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Megaclox (Ampicillin) is active against aerobic gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus spp. (with the exception of strains producing penicillinase), Streptococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes; aerobic gram-negative bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Bordetella pertussis, some strains of Haemophilus influenzae. Megaclox (Ampicillin) destroyed by penicillinase. This drug is acid-resistant.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration Megaclox (Ampicillin) is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. This medicine is distributed in most organs and tissues; crosses the placental barrier, poorly penetrates the BBB. When inflammation of the meninges, BBB permeability increases dramatically. 30% of Megaclox (Ampicillin) is metabolized in the liver. This medication is excreted in the urine and bile.

Why is Megaclox prescribed?

Infectious-inflammatory diseases caused by organisms susceptible to Megaclox (Ampicillin): including ear infections, throat, nose, odontogenic infections, bronchopulmonary infections, acute and chronic urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections (including salmonella, cholecystitis), gynecological infections, meningitis, endocarditis, septicemia, sepsis, rheumatic fever, erysipelas, scarlet fever, infections of skin and soft tissues.

Dosage and administration

The dosing regimen of Megaclox is set individually depending on the severity, localization of infection and sensitivity of the pathogen.

For adults for oral administration a single dose of this medication is 250-500 mg, the multiplicity of the reception is 4 times / day. The dose for children weighing up to 20 kg is 12.5-25 mg / kg every 6 hours.

For IV and IM using the single dose for adults is 250-500 mg every 4-6 hours; for children the single dose is 25-50 mg / kg.

The duration of treatment depends on the localization of infection and features of the disease.

The maximum oral daily dose for adults is 4 g, for IM and IV administration - 14 g.

Megaclox (Ampicillin) side effects, adverse reactions

Allergic reactions: urticaria, erythema, angioedema, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, rarely - fever, joint pain, eosinophilia, extremely rare - anaphylactic shock.

Digestive system: nausea, vomiting.

The effects caused by chemotherapeutic action: oral candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, intestinal dysbiosis, colitis caused by Clostridium difficile.

Megaclox contraindications

Infectious mononucleosis, lymphatic leukemia, increased sensitivity to Megaclox (Ampicillin) and other penicillins, abnormal liver function.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Perhaps the use of Megaclox during pregnancy if it may be needed. Megaclox (Ampicillin) is excreted in breast milk in low concentrations. If necessary to use Megaclox (Ampicillin) in the lactation period it should be solved the issue of termination of breastfeeding.

Category effects on the fetus by FDA - B.

Special instructions

In the course of treatment with Megaclox (Ampicillin) there is need the regular control of renal function, liver and peripheral blood picture. Patients with impaired renal function requires correction dosing regimen in accordance with the values of CCr.

When used in high doses in patients with renal insufficiency it may be toxic effects on the CNS.

For using of Megaclox (Ampicillin) in patients with bacteremia (sepsis) it can be bacteriolysis reaction (Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction).

Megaclox drug interactions

Simultaneous administration of Megaclox (Ampicillin) with bactericidal antibiotics (including aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, cycloserine, vancomycin, rifampicin) there is manifested synergism; with bacteriostatic antibiotics (including macrolides, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides) - antagonism.

Megaclox (Ampicillin) enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants by inhibiting the intestinal microflora, reduces the synthesis of vitamin K and prothrombin index.

Megaclox (Ampicillin) decreases the effect of drugs in the process of metabolism which produce PABA.

Probenecid, diuretics, allopurinol, phenylbutazone, NSAIDs decrease the tubular secretion of Megaclox (Ampicillin) which may be accompanied by an increase in its concentration in blood plasma.

Antacids, glucosamine, laxatives, aminoglycosides slow down and reduce the absorption of Megaclox (Ampicillin) Upha Corporation. Ascorbic acid increases the absorption of Megaclox (Ampicillin).

Megaclox (Ampicillin) decreases the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Megaclox in case of emergency / overdose

Symptoms: the toxic effect on the central nervous system (especially in patients with renal insufficiency), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impaired water and electrolyte balance (as a consequence of vomiting and diarrhea).

Treatment: gastric lavage, activated charcoal, saline laxatives, a maintain of water and electrolyte balance, symptomatic therapy. This drug is derived by means of hemodialysis.

Cloxacillin:

• Caution:
• Description:
• Storage:
• Action:
• Indications:
• Dosage for dry cows:
• Directions for use:
• Precautions:
• Residue warnings:
• How supplied:
• Megaclox (Cloxacillin) reviews

NADA 055-058, Approved by FDA

Caution:

Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

Description:

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) (cloxacillin benzathine) for Intramammary Infusion into the Dry Cow is a product which provides bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria. The active agent, Megaclox (Cloxacillin) benzathine, is a sparingly soluble salt of the semisynthetic penicillin, Megaclox (Cloxacillin). Megaclox (Cloxacillin) is a derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and therefore is chemically related to other penicillins. It has, however, the antibacterial properties described below, which distinguish it from certain other penicillins.

Each 10 mL disposable syringe contains Megaclox (Cloxacillin) benzathine equivalent to 500 mg of Megaclox (Cloxacillin) activity in a stable peanut oil gel. This product was manufactured by a non-sterilizing process.

Storage:

Do not store above 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.

Action:

In the non-lactating mammary gland, Megaclox (Cloxacillin) (cloxacillin benzathine) provides bactericidal levels of the active antibiotic, Megaclox (Cloxacillin), for a prolonged period of time. This prolonged activity is due to the low solubility of the Megaclox (Cloxacillin) benzathine and to the slow-release oil-gel base. This prolonged contact between the antibiotic and the pathogenic organism enhances the probability of a bacteriological cure.

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) is not destroyed by the enzyme, penicillinase, and therefore, is active against penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It is also active against non-penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus as well as Streptococcus agalactiae.

The class disc, Methicillin 5 mcg, should be used to estimate the in vitro susceptibility of bacteria to Megaclox (Cloxacillin).

Indications:

For the treatment of mastitis in dairy cows during the dry period.

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) has been shown by extensive clinical studies to be efficacious in the treatment of mastitis in dry cows, when caused by Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus including penicillin-resistant strains.

Treatment of the dry cow with Megaclox (Cloxacillin) is indicated in any cow known to harbor any of these organisms in the udder at drying off, or which has had repeated attacks of mastitis during the previous lactation, or is affected with mastitis at drying off, if caused by susceptible organisms.

Dosage for Dry Cows:

Infuse the contents of one syringe (10 mL) into each quarter following the last milking. See Directions for Use.

Directions for Use:

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) (cloxacillin benzathine) is for use in dry cows only. Administer immediately after the last milking. Use no later than 30 days prior to calving.

Completely milk out all four quarters. The udder and teats should be thoroughly washed with warm water containing a suitable dairy antiseptic and dried, preferably using individual paper towels. Carefully scrub the teat end and orifice with 70% alcohol, using a separate swab for each teat. Allow to dry.

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) is packaged with the Opti-Sert^® Protective Cap.

For partial insertion: Twist off upper portion of the Opti-Sert Protective Cap to expose 3–4 mm of the syringe tip.

For full insertion: Remove protective cap to expose the full length of the syringe tip.

Insert syringe tip into the teat canal and expel the entire contents of syringe into the quarter. Withdraw the syringe and gently massage the quarter to distribute the medication.

Do not infuse contents of the mastitis syringe into the teat canal if the Opti-Sert Protective Cap is broken or damaged.

Precautions:

Because it is a derivative of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, Megaclox (Cloxacillin) has the potential for producing allergic reactions. Such reactions are rare; however, should they occur, the subject should be treated with antihistamines or pressor amines, such as epinephrine.

Residue Warnings:

1. For use in dry cows only.

2. Not to be used within 30 days of calving.

3. Any animal infused with this product must not be slaughtered for food until 30 days after the latest infusion.

How Supplied:

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) (cloxacillin benzathine) Intramammary Infusion is supplied as 10 mL syringes containing 500 mg of Megaclox (Cloxacillin) activity per syringe. One display carton contains 12 syringes. One pail contains 144 syringes.

NDC 0010-4720-01 - 10 mL syringe

NDC 0010-4720-02 - 12 syringes

NDC 0010-4720-03 - 144 syringes

Opti-Sert is a registered trademark of Zoetis W LLC - used under license.

Megaclox (Cloxacillin) is a registered trademark of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

© 2014 Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Made in Italy

Manufactured for:

Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc.

St. Joseph, MO 64506 U.S.A.

51729292

472001-03