Valamin

Amino Acids:

• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacokinetics
• Why is Valamin prescribed?
• Dosage and administration
• Valamin (Amino Acids) side effects, adverse reactions
• Valamin contraindications
• Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Special instructions
• Valamin drug interactions
• Valamin (Amino Acids) reviews

Pharmacological action

Valamin is an antiseptic. This medication is a quaternary ammonium compound, belongs to the cationic surfactant. Benzalkonium chloride has antimicrobial and antiviral activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex Type 2, Staphylococcus aureus, little active against Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, Haemophilus ducreyi and Treponema pallidum.

Valamin (Amino Acids) is not active against Mycoplasma spp.

This medicine exerts spermicidal action which is due to the ability to damage the sperm membrane; inhibits sperm motility, disrupting electrolyte balance of the aqueous phase of cervical mucus.

Pharmacokinetics

Valamin (Amino Acids) for external and local application is practically not absorbed.

Why is Valamin prescribed?

For external use only. Topical solution - a primary and delayed primary wound treatment, prevention of secondary infection of wounds hospital strains of microorganisms (injury of soft and bone tissue, burns), festering wounds, drainage of bone cavities following surgery for osteomyelitis.

Weight thick - superficial thermal burns, trophic ulcers, long-unhealed wounds of soft tissues (including infected), pyo-inflammatory skin diseases and diabetes mellitus; paraproctitis.

Tablets and capsules for intravaginal use, vaginal suppositories, creams, tampons - local contraception for women of reproductive age: for the presence of contraindications to the use of oral contraceptives or intrauterine devices, in the postpartum period, lactation, after the termination of pregnancy in premenopause period at irregular sexual life, omission or delay in receiving consistently used oral contraceptives.

Liquid concentrate - disinfection of facilities and medical products.

Dosage and administration

Topically. The solution was diluted with distilled water to make 1% aqueous solution, impregnated gauze dressings, napkins or tampons and put on the wound daily.

Mass is applied at the rate of 0.2-0.4 g/cm2 of wound surface, pre-clean the wound from the purulent discharge, necrotic tissue, or impose gauze or use turundas impregnated with drugs. The maximum daily dose is 50 g. Ligation is carried out daily, the course of treatment is 14 days.

Intravaginally. Benzalkonium chloride entered deeply into the vagina before coition; in case of repeated sexual intercourse it should be re-imposition of tablets, capsules, suppositories, creams; tampon can be removed not earlier than 3 h after the last sexual intercourse but no later than 24 hours after its installation (with repeated sexual acts for 1 day shift tampon is not required).

Concentrate Liquid. Benzalkonium chloride used for disinfection after prior dilution with water.

Valamin (Amino Acids) side effects, adverse reactions

Contact dermatitis, candidiasis, vulvovaginal and allergic reactions.

With prolonged use of Valamin (Amino Acids) it is possible a local irritation.

Valamin contraindications

Hypersensitivity to benzalkonium chloride, contact dermatitis, malignant neoplasm of the skin; for intravaginal use - coleitis, ulceration and irritation of the mucous membrane of the vagina and uterus.

Using during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Valamin has no negative impact on pregnancy. This medicine is not excreted in breast milk and it can be used during lactation.

Special instructions

To improve the efficiency it requires careful observance of the application method. Benzalkonium chloride can be used in conjunction with a vaginal diaphragm or intrauterine device. You should avoid bathing or irrigation of the vagina with soapy water for 2 hours before and within 2 hours after sexual intercourse (this medication is destroyed by soap), outdoor toilet is only possible with clean water.

Benzalkonium chloride is incompatible with soaps and other anionic surfactants as well as citrates, iodides, nitrates, permanganates, salicylates, silver salts and tartrates.

Valamin drug interactions

Any substance introduced intravaginally can reduce local spermicidal action (including soaps and solutions containing it). Iodine solutions inactivate Valamin (Amino Acids).

Glycine:

• Indications and usage
• Contraindications
• Warnings
• Precautions
• Adverse reactions
• Overdosage
• Dosage and administration
• How supplied
• Im-1453
• Valamin (Glycine) reviews

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.5% Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP is indicated for use as irrigating fluid during transurethral prostatic resection and other transurethral surgical procedures.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

NOT FOR INJECTION BY USUAL PARENTERAL ROUTES.

Do not use in patients with anuria.

WARNINGS

FOR UROLOGIC IRRIGATION ONLY.

Solutions for urologic irrigation must be used with caution in patients with severe cardiopulmonary or renal dysfunction. Irrigating fluids used during transurethral prostatectomy have been demonstrated to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes. Thus, Valamin (Glycine) irrigating solution must be regarded as a systemic drug. Absorption of large amounts of fluids containing Valamin (Glycine) may significantly alter cardiopulmonary and renal dynamics.

Do not heat container over 66°C (150°F).

PRECAUTIONS

Cardiovascular status, especially of the patient with cardiac disease, should be carefully observed before and during transurethral resection of the prostate when using Valamin (Glycine) irrigating solution, because the quantity of fluid absorbed into the systemic circulation by opened prostatic veins may produce significant expansion of the extracellular fluid and lead to fulminating congestive heart failure. Shift of sodium free intracellular fluid into the extracellular compartment following systemic absorption of solution may lower serum sodium concentration and aggravate pre-existing hyponatremia.

Care should be exercised if impaired liver function is known or suspected. Under such conditions, ammonia resulting from metabolism of Valamin (Glycine) may accumulate in the blood.

Aseptic technique is essential with the use of sterile solutions for irrigation. The administration set should be attached promptly. Unused portions should be discarded and a fresh container of appropriate size used for the start-up of each cycle or repeat procedure.

Do not administer unless solution is clear, seal is intact and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: Studies with Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential, or effects on fertility.

Nursing Mothers: Caution should be exercised when Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP is administered to a nursing woman.

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects.

Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP. It is also not known whether Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness of Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation have not been established. Its limited use in pediatric patients has been inadequate to fully define proper dosage and limitations for use.

ADVERSE REACTIONS

Adverse reactions may result from intravascular absorption of Valamin (Glycine). Large intravenous doses of Valamin (Glycine) are known to cause salivation, nausea and lightheadedness. Other consequences of absorption of urologic irrigating solutions include fluid and electrolyte disturbances such as acidosis, electrolyte loss, marked diuresis, urinary retention, edema, dryness of mouth, thirst, dehydration, coma from hyponatremia, secondary hyponatremia due to fluid overload, and hyper- ammonemia with resultant coma and/or encephalopathy; cardiovascular disorders such as hypotension, tachycardia, angina-like pains; pulmonary disorders such as pulmonary congestion; and other general reactions such as blurred vision, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, rhinitis, chills, vertigo, backache, transient blindness and urticaria. Allergic reactions from Valamin (Glycine) are unknown or exceedingly rare.

Should any adverse reaction occur, discontinue the irrigant, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.

OVERDOSAGE

In the event of overhydration or solute overload, re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS and ADVERSE REACTIONS.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

1.5% Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP should be administered only by transurethral instillation with appropriate urologic instrumentation. A disposable irrigation set should be used. The total volume of solution used for irrigation is solely at the discretion of the surgeon.

Height of container(s) above the operating table in excess of 60 cm (approx. 2 ft.) has been reported to increase intravascular absorption of the irrigating fluid.

Drug Interactions

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution container permits. See PRECAUTIONS.

HOW SUPPLIED

1.5% Valamin (Glycine) Irrigation, USP is supplied in single-dose 3000 mL flexible irrigation container ( List No. 7974).

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).

Revised: October 2004

©Hospira 2004 EN-0577 Printed in USA

HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST, IL 60045 USA

IM-1453

iv bag ndc 0409-7974-08

2

HDPE

TO OPEN TEAR AT NOTCH

DO NOT REMOVE FROM OVERWRAP UNTIL READY FOR USE. AFTER REMOVING

THE OVERWRAP, CHECK FOR MINUTE LEAKS BY SQUEEZING CONTAINER FIRMLY.

IF LEAKS ARE FOUND, DISCARD SOLUTION AS STERILITY MAY BE IMPAIRED.

RECOMMENDED STORAGE: ROOM TEMPERATURE (25°C). AVOID EXCESSIVE

HEAT. PROTECT FROM FREEZING. SEE INSERT.

98-4321-R14-3/98

L-Arginine Hydrochloride:

• Valamin (L-Arginine Hydrochloride) reviews

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

Indication: Used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance.

Studies have shown that is has improved immune responses to bacteria, viruses and tumor cells; promotes wound healing and regeneration of the liver; causes the release of growth hormones; considered crucial for optimal muscle growth and tissue repair.

L-Isoleucine:

• Valamin (L-Isoleucine) reviews

An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of leucine. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.

Indication: The branched-chain amino acids may have antihepatic encephalopathy activity in some. They may also have anticatabolic and antitardive dyskinesia activity.

They provide ingredients for the manufacturing of other essential biochemical components in the body, some of which are utilized for the production of energy, stimulants to the upper brain and helping you to be more alert.

L-Leucine:

• Valamin (L-Leucine) reviews

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

Indication: Indicated to assist in the prevention of the breakdown of muscle proteins that sometimes occur after trauma or severe stress.

An essential amino acid. (Claim) Leucine helps with the regulation of blood-sugar levels, the growth and repair of muscle tissue (such as bones, skin and muscles), growth hormone production, wound healing as well as energy regulation. It can assist to prevent the breakdown of muscle proteins that sometimes occur after trauma or severe stress. It may also be beneficial for individuals with phenylketonuria - a condition in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

L-Lysine Hydrochloride:

• Valamin (L-Lysine Hydrochloride) reviews

Valamin (L-Lysine Hydrochloride) (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an О±-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(CH2)4NH2. This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it. Its codons are AAA and AAG.L-Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine. The Оµ-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding and as a general base in catalysis. Common posttranslational modifications include methylation of the Оµ-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine. The latter occurs in calmodulin. Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.

Indication: Supplemental Valamin (L-Lysine Hydrochloride) has putative anti-herpes simplex virus activity. There is preliminary research suggesting that it may have some anti-osteoporotic activity.

Insures the adequate absorption of calcium; helps form collagen ( which makes up bone cartilage & connective tissues); aids in the production of antibodies, hormones & enzymes. Recent studies have shown that Lysine may be effective against herpes by improving the balance of nutrients that reduce viral growth. A deficiency may result in tiredness, inability to concentrate, irritability, bloodshot eyes, retarded growth, hair loss, anemia & reproductive problems.

L-Methionine:

• Valamin (L-Methionine) reviews

A sulfur containing essential amino acid that is important in many body functions. It is a chelating agent for heavy metals.

Indication: Used for protein synthesis including the formation of SAMe, L-homocysteine, L-cysteine, taurine, and sulfate.

Valamin (L-Methionine) is a principle supplier of sulfur which prevents disorders of the hair, skin and nails; helps lower cholesterol levels by increasing the liver's production of lecithin; reduces liver fat and protects the kidneys; a natural chelating agent for heavy metals; regulates the formation of ammonia and creates ammonia-free urine which reduces bladder irritation; influences hair follicles and promotes hair growth. Valamin (L-Methionine) may protect against the toxic effects of hepatotoxins, such as acetaminophen. Methionine may have antioxidant activity.

L-Phenylalanine:

• Valamin (L-Phenylalanine) reviews

An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin; dopamine; noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine.

Indication: Valamin (L-Phenylalanine) may be helpful in some with depression. It may also be useful in the treatment of vitiligo. There is some evidence that Valamin (L-Phenylalanine) may exacerbate tardive dyskinesia in some schizophrenic patients and in some who have used neuroleptic drugs.

Used by the brain to produce Norepinephrine, a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells and the brain; keeps you awake and alert; reduces hunger pains; functions as an antidepressant and helps improve memory.

L-Threonine:

• Valamin (L-Threonine) reviews

An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.

Indication: Valamin (L-Threonine) makes up collagen, elastin, and enamel protein. It aids proper fat metabolism in the liver, helps the digestive and intestinal tracts function more smoothly, and assists in metabolism and assimilation.

Valamin (L-Threonine) is an essential amino acid that helps to maintain the proper protein balance in the body. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.

L-Tryptophan:

• Valamin (L-Tryptophan) reviews

An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for nitrogen balance in adults. It is a precursor of indole alkaloids in plants. It is a precursor of serotonin (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to niacin, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.

Indication: Tryptophan may be useful in increasing serotonin production, promoting healthy sleep, managing depression by enhancing mental and emotional well-being, managing pain tolerance, and managing weight.

Tryptophan is critical for the production of the body's proteins, enzymes and muscle tissue. It is also essential for the production of niacin, the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin and melatonin. Tryptophan supplements can be used as natural relaxants to help relieve insomnia. Tryptophan can also reduce anxiety and depression and has been shown to reduce the intensity of migraine headaches. Other promising indications include the relief of chronic pain, reduction of impulsivity or mania and the treatment of obsessive or compulsive disorders. Tryptophan also appears to help the immune system and can reduce the risk of cardiac spasms. Tryptophan deficiencies may lead to coronary artery spasms. Tryptophan is used as an essential nutrient in infant formulas and intravenous feeding. Tryptophan is marketed as a prescription drug (Tryptan) for those who do not seem to respond well to conventional antidepressants. It may also be used to treat those afflicted with seasonal affective disorder (a winter-onset depression). Tryptopan serves as the precursor for the synthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine).

L-Valine:

• Valamin (L-Valine) reviews

A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.

Indication: Promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and calm emotions. May also be of use in a minority of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in some with phenylketonuria.

Valamin (L-Valine) is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of Valamin (L-Valine) may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry.